Edgar Filing: Village Bank & Trust Financial Corp.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number: 0-50765

VILLAGE BANK AND TRUST FINANCIAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia	16-1694602
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

13319 Midlothian Turnpike, Midlothian, Virginia	23113
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

804-897-3900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ¨	Accelerated Filer ¨
Non-Accelerated Filer x	Smaller Reporting Company x
Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date.

1,434,123 shares of common stock, $4.00 par value, outstanding as of November 6, 2018

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp.

Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I – Financial Information

	Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Balance Sheets September 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017		3

	Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		5

	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		6

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited)		7

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)		8

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	66

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	66

Part II – Other Information

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	67

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	67

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	67

	Item 5.	Other Information	67

	Item 6.	Exhibits	68

Signatures			69

Part I – Financial Information

ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017*

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	14,877		$	17,810
Federal funds sold		523			-
Total cash and cash equivalents		15,400			17,810
Investment securities available for sale		45,985			49,711
Loans held for sale		4,496			8,047
Loans
Outstandings		415,555			368,709
Allowance for loan losses		(3,131	)		(3,239	)
Deferred fees and costs, net		764			699
Total loans, net		413,188			366,169
Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance		548			1,788
Assets held for sale		610			610
Premises and equipment, net		12,624			12,982
Bank owned life insurance		7,396			7,268
Accrued interest receivable		2,657			2,600
Other assets		9,415			9,989

	$	512,319		$	476,974

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest bearing demand	$	120,374		$	104,138
Interest bearing		316,492			307,486
Total deposits		436,866			411,624
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		22,500			12,300
Long-term debt - trust preferred securities		8,764			8,764
Subordinated debt, net		5,555			-
Other borrowings		-			1,584
Accrued interest payable		196			93
Other liabilities		2,619			3,275
Total liabilities		476,500			437,640

Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, $4 par value, $1,000 liquidation preference, 1,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 5,027 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017		-			20
Common stock, $4 par value - 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,434,123 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 1,430,751 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017		5,697			5,672
Additional paid-in capital		53,159			58,055
Accumulated deficit		(22,625	)		(24,693	)
Common stock warrant		732			732
Stock in directors rabbi trust		(998	)		(1,010	)
Directors deferred fees obligation		998			1,010
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,144	)		(452	)
Total shareholders' equity		35,819			39,334

	$	512,319		$	476,974

* Derived from audited consolidated financial statements

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Interest income
Loans	$	5,192	$	4,135		$	14,552		$	12,086
Investment securities		254		178			776			506
Federal funds sold		34		67			81			111
Total interest income		5,480		4,380			15,409			12,703

Interest expense
Deposits		715		615			2,005			1,770
Borrowed funds		332		73			732			227
Total interest expense		1,047		688			2,737			1,997

Net interest income		4,433		3,692			12,672			10,706
Provision for loan losses		-		-			-			-
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		4,433		3,692			12,672			10,706

Noninterest income
Service charges and fees		485		460			1,424			1,372
Mortgage banking income, net		1,227		1,114			3,164			3,482
Loss on sale of investment securities		-		-			-			(9	)
Other		83		73			207			216
Total noninterest income		1,795		1,647			4,795			5,061

Noninterest expense
Salaries and benefits		2,928		2,985			8,843			9,042
Occupancy		316		269			991			821
Equipment		228		193			658			553
Cease use lease obligation		-		-			-			(125	)
Supplies		44		55			147			173
Professional and outside services		649		742			2,170			2,254
Advertising and marketing		77		134			224			274
Foreclosed assets, net		21		11			(53	)		(151	)
FDIC insurance premium		82		69			238			207
Other operating expense		475		502			1,563			1,460
Total noninterest expense		4,820		4,960			14,781			14,508

Income before income tax expense		1,408		379			2,686			1,259
Income tax expense		280		106			505			333

Net income		1,128		273			2,181			926

Preferred stock dividends and amortization of discount		-		(113	)		(113	)		(385	)
Net income available to common shareholders	$	1,128	$	160		$	2,068		$	541

Earnings per common share, basic	$	0.79	$	0.11		$	1.44		$	0.38
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	0.79	$	0.11		$	1.44		$	0.38

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2107

Net income	$	1,128		$	273		$	2,181		$	926
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period		(157	)		33			(883	)		80
Tax effect		33			(11	)		185			(27	)
Net change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale, net of tax		(124	)		22			(698	)		53

Reclassification adjustment
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in income		-			-			-			9
Tax effect		-			-			-			3
Reclassification for losses included in net income, net of tax		-			-			-			6

Minimum pension adjustment		3			3			9			9
Tax effect		(1	)		(1	)		(3	)		(3	)
Minimum pension adjustment, net of tax		2			2			6			6

Total other comprehensive income (loss)		(122	)		24			(692	)		65

Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,006		$	297		$	1,489		$	991

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

																	Directors			Accumulated
						Additional								Stock in			Deferred			Other
	Preferred			Common		Paid-in			Retained					Directors			Fees			Comprehensive
	Stock			Stock		Capital			Deficit			Warrant		Rabbi Trust			Obligation			Loss			Total

Balance, December 31, 2017	$	20		$	5,672	$	58,055		$	(24,693	)	$	732	$	(1,010	)	$	1,010		$	(452	)	$	39,334
Preferred stock redemption		(20	)				(5,007	)		-			-		-			-			-			(5,027	)
Preferred stock dividend		-			-		-			(113	)		-		-			-			-			(113	)
Restricted stock redemption		-			-		-			-			-		12			(12	)		-			-
Vesting of restricted shares		-			25		(25	)		-			-		-			-			-			-
Stock based compensation		-			-		136			-			-		-			-			-			136
Net income		-			-		-			2,181			-		-			-			-			2,181
Other comprehensive loss		-			-		-			-			-		-			-			(692	)		(692	)

Balance, September 30, 2018	$	-		$	5,697	$	53,159		$	(22,625	)	$	732	$	(998	)	$	998		$	(1,144	)	$	35,819

Balance, December 31, 2016	$	23		$	5,629	$	58,643		$	(21,172	)	$	732	$	(1,034	)	$	1,034		$	(241	)	$	43,614
Preferred stock redemption		(3	)		-		(685	)		-			-		-			-			-			(688	)
Preferred stock dividend		-			-		-			(385	)		-		-			-			-			(385	)
Restricted stock redemption		-			-		-			-			-		24			(24	)		-			-
Vesting of restricted shares		-			32		(32	)		-			-		-			-			-			-
Stock based compensation		-			-		102			-			-		-			-			-			102
Net income		-			-		-			926			-		-			-			-			926
Other comprehensive income		-			-		-			-			-		-			-			65			65

Balance, September 30, 2017	$	20		$	5,661	$	58,028		$	(20,631	)	$	732	$	(1,010	)	$	1,010		$	(176	)	$	43,634

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	2018			2017

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	2,181		$	926
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		548			552
Deferred income taxes		503			332
Write-down of other real estate owned		-			351
Valuation allowance other real estate owned		-			(331	)
Loss on securities sold		-			9
Gain on loans sold		(4,131	)		(4,195	)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned		(69	)		(218	)
Stock compensation expense		136			102
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans		135,035			132,070
Origination of mortgage loans for sale		(127,353	)		(118,732	)
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities, net		85			66
Increase in bank owned life insurance		(128	)		(129	)
Net change in:
Interest receivable		(57	)		(242	)
Other assets		262			50
Interest payable		103			72
Other liabilities		(656	)		(903	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		6,459			9,780

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of available for sale securities		-			(4,379	)
Proceeds from the sale of available for sale securities		-			1,993
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of available for sale securities		2,758			1,461
Net increase in loans		(47,019	)		(10,333	)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned		1,309			1,621
Purchases of premises and equipment		(190	)		(871	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(43,142	)		(10,508	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Redeemption of preferred stock		(5,027	)		(688	)
Payment of preferred dividends		(113	)		(2,916	)
Net increase in deposits		25,242			24,127
Net increase (decrease) in Federal Home Loan Bank advances		10,200			(800	)
Net decrease in other borrowings		(1,568	)		(81	)
Issuance of Subordinated debt, net		5,539			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		34,273			19,642

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(2,410	)		18,914
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		17,810			11,796

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	15,400		$	30,710

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for interest	$	2,634		$	1,925
Supplemental Schedule of Non Cash Activities
Real estate owned assets acquired in settlement of loans	$	-		$	285
Dividends on preferred stock accrued	$	-		$	385

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Principles of presentation

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. (the “Company”) is the holding company of Village Bank (the “Bank”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and the Bank’s subsidiary. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for the nine month period ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2018. The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes to financial statements that are presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the consolidated balance sheet date of September 30, 2018 for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequent amendments to the ASU (collectively ASU 2014-09), which (i) creates a single framework for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers that fall within its scope and (ii) revises when it is appropriate to recognize a gain (loss) from the transfer of nonfinancial assets, such as OREO. The Company's revenue is comprised of interest and non-interest revenue. The majority of our revenue generating transactions are not subject to ASU 2014-09, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, letters of credit, investment securities, bank owned life insurance and gains on sales of loans held for sale. The Company completed its overall assessment of revenue streams and related contracts affected by the guidance and adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 with no impact on total shareholders' equity or net income.

The Company recognizes revenue as it is earned and noted no impact to its revenue recognition policies as a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The following discussion is of revenues that are within the scope of the new revenue guidance:

Debit and credit interchange fee income - Card processing fees consist of interchange fees from consumer debit and credit card networks and other card related services. Interchange fees are based on purchase volumes and other factors and are recognized as transactions occur.

Service charges on deposit accounts - Revenue from service charges on deposit accounts is earned through deposit-related services, as well as overdraft, non-sufficient funds, account management and other deposit related fees. Revenue is recognized for these services either over time, corresponding with deposit accounts’ monthly cycle, or at a point in time for transactional related services and fees.

Service charges on loan accounts - Revenue from loan accounts consists primarily of fees earned on prepayment penalties. Revenue is recognized for the services at a point in time for transactional related services and fees.

Gains/Losses on sale of OREO - The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes reflect certain reclassifications in prior periods to conform to the current presentation. As of January 1, 2018, the Company began netting commissions paid to generate mortgage banking revenue against the related revenue balances. Prior to 2018, these commission expenses were shown separately under noninterest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Accordingly, the balances associated with the mortgage banking segment for the period ended September 30, 2017 for “Gain on sale of loans”, “Service charges and fees” and “Other income” under noninterest income, and “Commissions” under noninterest expense have been restated under “Mortgage banking income, net” within the Consolidated Statements of Operations to conform to this presentation. Management believes this will better represent actual mortgage banking income generated from this activity.

Note 2 - Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets and statements of operations for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the allowance for loan losses and its related provision including impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), the valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset, valuation of other real estate owned and the estimate of the fair value of assets held for sale.

Note 3 - Earnings per common share

The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per common share computation (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Numerator
Net income - basic and diluted	$	1,128	$	273		$	2,181		$	926
Preferred stock dividend		-		(113	)		(113	)		(385	)
Net income available to common shareholders	$	1,128	$	160		$	2,068		$	541

Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		1,434		1,431			1,433			1,430
Dilutive effect of common stock options		-		-			-			-

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		1,434		1,431			1,433			1,430

Earnings per share - basic	$	0.79	$	0.11		$	1.44		$	0.38
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.79	$	0.11		$	1.44		$	0.38

Applicable guidance requires that outstanding, unvested share-based payment awards that contain voting rights and rights to nonforfeitable dividends participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Accordingly, the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share includes unvested shares of the Company’s outstanding restricted common stock.

The vesting of 14,560 and 7,870 respectively, of the unvested restricted shares included in Note 10 “Stock incentive plan” are dependent upon meeting certain performance criteria. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, it was indeterminable whether these unvested restricted shares will vest and as such those shares are excluded from common shares issued and outstanding at each date and are not included in the computation of earnings per share for any period presented.

Outstanding options and warrants to purchase common stock were considered in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the periods presented. Stock options for 1,356 and 1,398 shares were not included in computing diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and stock options for 2,337 shares were not included in computing diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, because their effects were anti-dilutive. Additionally, the impact of warrants to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with the Company’s participation in the Troubled Asset Relief Program is not included, as the warrants were anti-dilutive.

Note 4 – Investment securities available for sale

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of our securities were classified as available for sale. The following table presents the composition of our investment portfolio at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

					Gross		Gross
	Par		Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair		Average
	Value		Cost		Gains		Losses			Value		Yield
September 30, 2018
US Government Agencies
One to five years	$	21,400	$	21,527	$	-	$	(474	)	$	21,053		1.44	%
Five to ten years		164		164		-		-			164		2.29	%
More than ten years		1,811		1,814		-		(12	)		1,802		2.58	%
		23,375		23,505		-		(486	)		23,019		1.53	%
Mortgage-backed securities
Five to ten years		2,828		2,881		-		(130	)		2,751		1.74	%
More than ten years		16,767		16,884		1		(741	)		16,144		2.37	%
		19,595		19,765		1		(871	)		18,895		2.28	%

Subordinated debt
Five to ten years		4,050		4,093		9		(31	)		4,071		5.03	%

Total investment securities	$	47,020	$	47,363	$	10	$	(1,388	)	$	45,985		2.15	%

December 31, 2017
US Government Agencies
One to five years	$	21,400	$	21,561	$	-	$	(276	)	$	21,285		1.44	%
More than ten years		2,411		2,415		-		(17	)		2,398		1.74	%
		23,811		23,976		-		(293	)		23,683		1.47	%
Mortgage-backed securities
Five to ten years		3,400		3,472		-		(43	)		3,429		1.72	%
More than ten years		18,518		18,655		1		(145	)		18,511		2.39	%
		21,918		22,127		1		(188	)		21,940		2.28	%
Subordinated debt
Five to ten years		4,050		4,103		11		(26	)		4,088		5.03	%

Total investment securities	$	49,779	$	50,206	$	12	$	(507	)	$	49,711		1.96	%

At September 30, 2018, the Company had investment securities with a fair value of $7,936,000 pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”). At December 31, 2017, the Company had no investment securities pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB. There were no investment securities pledged to secure deposit repurchase agreements at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Gross realized gains and losses pertaining to available for sale securities are detailed as follows for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months				Nine Months
	Ended September 30,				Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Gross realized gains	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Gross realized losses		-		-		-		(9	)

	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(9	)

The Company sold approximately $2 million of investment securities available for sale at a loss of $9,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The sale of these securities, which had fixed interest rates, allowed the Company to decrease its exposure to the anticipated upward movement in interest rates that would result in unrealized losses being recognized in shareholders’ equity.

Investment securities available for sale that have an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are detailed below (in thousands):

	Securities in a loss					Securities in a loss
	position for less than					position for more than
	12 Months					12 Months					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
September 30, 2018
US Government Agencies	$	-	$	-		$	23,019	$	(486	)	$	23,019	$	(486	)
Mortgage-backed securities		10,374		(449	)		8,473		(422	)		18,847		(871	)
Subordinated debt		1,490		(31	)		-		-			1,490		(31	)

	$	11,864	$	(480	)	$	31,492	$	(908	)	$	43,356	$	(1,388	)

December 31, 2017
US Government Agencies	$	6,153	$	(76	)	$	17,530	$	(217	)	$	23,683	$	(293	)
Mortgage-backed securities		20,227		(160	)		1,651		(28	)		21,878		(188	)
Subordinated debt		1,021		(26	)		-		-			1,021		(26	)

	$	27,401	$	(262	)	$	19,181	$	(245	)	$	46,582	$	(507	)

All of the unrealized losses are attributable to increases in interest rates and not to credit deterioration. Currently, the Company believes that it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the investments. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not to credit quality, and because it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other than temporarily impaired at September 30, 2018.

Note 5 – Loans and allowance for loan losses

The following table presents the composition of our loan portfolio (excluding mortgage loans held for sale) at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Amount			%			Amount			%
Construction and land development
Residential	$	14,263			3.43	%	$	5,361			1.45	%
Commercial		26,818			6.45	%		25,456			6.91	%
		41,081			9.88	%		30,817			8.36	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		97,632			23.49	%		85,004			23.06	%
Non-owner occupied		87,006			20.94	%		70,845			19.21	%
Multifamily		15,411			3.71	%		9,386			2.55	%
Farmland		232			0.06	%		270			0.07	%
		200,281			48.20	%		165,505			44.89	%
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		22,393			5.39	%		22,849			6.20	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		59,564			14.33	%		57,919			15.71	%
Second deed of trust		9,757			2.35	%		7,460			2.02	%
		91,714			22.07	%		88,228			23.93	%
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		40,142			9.66	%		36,506			9.90	%
Guaranteed student loans		40,502			9.75	%		45,805			12.42	%
Consumer and other		1,835			0.44	%		1,848			0.50	%

Total loans		415,555			100.0	%		368,709			100.0	%
Deferred fees and costs, net		764						699
Less: allowance for loan losses		(3,131	)					(3,239	)

	$	413,188					$	366,169

The Bank has a purchased portfolio of rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the Department of Education (“DOE”). The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The loans are serviced by a third-party servicer that specializes in handling the special needs of the DOE student loan programs.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had loans of $36,303,000 and $29,615,000 pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB, respectively.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due as long as the remaining recorded investment in the loan is deemed fully collectible. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought to current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans segregated by type at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	40	$	43
		40		43
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		-		183
Non-owner occupied		515		-
		515		183
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		128		135
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		799		1,000
Second deed of trust		155		67
		1,082		1,202
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		432		870
Consumer and other		10		22

Total loans	$	2,079	$	2,320

The Company assigns risk rating classifications to its loans. These risk ratings are divided into the following groups:

Risk rated 1 to 4 loans are considered of sufficient quality to preclude an adverse rating. These assets generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral;

Risk rated 5 loans are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention;

Risk rated 6 loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any; and

Risk rated 7 loans have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables provide information on the risk rating of loans at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Total
	1-4		5		6		7		Loans
September 30, 2018
Construction and land development
Residential	$	14,263	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	14,263
Commercial		26,445		7		366		-		26,818
		40,708		7		366		-		41,081
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		91,175		3,290		3,167		-		97,632
Non-owner occupied		86,491		-		515		-		87,006
Multifamily		15,245		166		-		-		15,411
Farmland		124		108		-		-		232
		193,035		3,564		3,682		-		200,281
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		21,318		935		140		-		22,393
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		56,180		1,800		1,584		-		59,564
Second deed of trust		9,363		176		218		-		9,757
		86,861		2,911		1,942		-		91,714
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		37,157		2,345		625		15		40,142
Guaranteed student loans		40,502		-		-		-		40,502
Consumer and other		1,803		8		24		-		1,835

Total loans	$	400,066	$	8,835	$	6,639	$	15	$	415,555

December 31, 2017
Construction and land development
Residential	$	5,361	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	5,361
Commercial		24,305		1,108		43		-		25,456
		29,666		1,108		43		-		30,817
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		78,791		2,716		3,497		-		85,004
Non-owner occupied		70,845		-		-		-		70,845
Multifamily		9,210		176		-		-		9,386
Farmland		270		-		-		-		270
		159,116		2,892		3,497		-		165,505
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		21,777		932		140		-		22,849
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		53,591		2,637		1,691		-		57,919
Second deed of trust		7,140		181		139		-		7,460
		82,508		3,750		1,970		-		88,228
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		35,143		139		529		695		36,506
Guaranteed student loans		45,805		-		-		-		45,805
Consumer and other		1,826		4		18		-		1,848

Total loans	$	354,064	$	7,893	$	6,057	$	695	$	368,709

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

													Recorded
					Greater								Investment >
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than		Total Past				Total		90 Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Due		Current		Loans		Accruing
September 30, 2018
Construction and land development
Residential	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	14,263	$	14,263	$	-
Commercial		-		-		-		-		26,818		26,818		-
		-		-		-		-		41,081		41,081		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		138		-		-		138		97,494		97,632		-
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		-		87,006		87,006		-
Multifamily		-		-		-		-		15,411		15,411		-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		232		232		-
		138		-		-		138		200,143		200,281		-
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		-		-		-		-		22,393		22,393		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		659		368		-		1,027		58,537		59,564		-
Second deed of trust		15		-		-		15		9,742		9,757		-
		674		368		-		1,042		90,672		91,714		-
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		7		664		569		1,240		38,902		40,142		569
Guaranteed student loans		2,033		1,260		6,092		9,385		31,117		40,502		6,092
Consumer and other		9		13		-		22		1,813		1,835		-

Total loans	$	2,861	$	2,305	$	6,661	$	11,827	$	403,728	$	415,555	$	6,661

													Recorded
					Greater								Investment >
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than		Total Past				Total		90 Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Due		Current		Loans		Accruing
December 31, 2017
Construction and land development
Residential	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	5,361	$	5,361	$	-
Commercial		-		-		-		-		25,456		25,456		-
		-		-		-		-		30,817		30,817		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		-		-		-		-		85,004		85,004		-
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		-		70,845		70,845		-
Multifamily		-		-		-		-		9,386		9,386		-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		270		270		-
		-		-		-		-		165,505		165,505		-
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		18		-		-		18		22,831		22,849		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		457		-		-		457		57,462		57,919		-
Second deed of trust		91		-		-		91		7,369		7,460		-
		566		-		-		566		87,662		88,228		-
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		-		3		-		3		36,503		36,506		-
Guaranteed student loans		2,891		1,300		7,229		11,420		34,385		45,805		7,229
Consumer and other		2		-		-		2		1,846		1,848		-

Total loans	$	3,459	$	1,303	$	7,229	$	11,991	$	356,718	$	368,709	$	7,229

Loans greater than 90 days past due consist of loans guaranteed by the United States Department of Agriculture, which covers 100% of the principal and interest, and student loans that are guaranteed by the DOE, which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Accordingly, these loans will not be placed on nonaccrual status and are not considered to be impaired.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Loans evaluated individually for impairment include non-performing loans, such as loans on non-accrual, loans past due by 90 days or more, restructured loans and other loans selected by management. The evaluations are based upon discounted expected cash flows or collateral valuations. If the evaluation shows that a loan is individually impaired, then a specific reserve is established for the amount of impairment. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans are set forth in the following table as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
			Unpaid						Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	366	$	464	$	-	$	502	$	600	$	-
		366		464		-		502		600		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		3,755		3,755				3,879		3,879		-
Non-owner occupied		2,608		2,608		-		2,153		2,153		-
		6,363		6,363		-		6,032		6,032		-
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		688		688		-		577		577		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		3,182		3,182		-		3,931		3,931		-
Second deed of trust		732		940		-		505		713		-
		4,602		4,810		-		5,013		5,221		-
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		427		774		-		480		827		-
Consumer and other		1		1		-		3		3		-
		11,759		12,412		-		12,030		12,683		-

With an allowance recorded
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,465		1,480		23		1,491		1,506		18
		1,465		1,480		23		1,491		1,506		18
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		202		224		21		814		814		98
Second deed of trust		163		163		5		85		85		4
		365		387		26		1,034		1,034		104
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		298		497		144		740		740		375
Consumer and other		23		23		23		19		19		18
		2,151		2,387		216		3,284		3,299		515

Total
Construction and land development
Commercial		366		464		-		502		600		-
		366		464		-		502		600		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		5,220		5,235		23		5,370		5,385		18
Non-owner occupied		2,608		2,608		-		2,153		2,153		-
		7,828		7,843		23		7,523		7,538		18
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		688		688		-		712		712		2
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		3,384		3,406		21		4,745		4,745		98
Second deed of trust		895		1,103		5		590		798		4
		4,967		5,197		26		6,047		6,255		104

Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		725		1,271		144		1,220		1,567		375
Consumer and other		24		24		23		22		22		18
	$	13,910	$	14,799	$	216	$	15,314	$	15,982	$	515

The following is a summary of average recorded investment in impaired loans with and without a valuation allowance and interest income recognized on those loans for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	For the Three Months				For the Nine Months
	Ended September 30, 2018				Ended September 30, 2018
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	560	$	-	$	546	$	13
		560		-		546		13
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		2,520		29		3,814		109
Non-owner occupied		3,016		-		2,509		231
		5,536		29		6,323		340
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		464		-		497		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		1,957		25		3,234		71
Second deed of trust		1,506		12		638		35
		3,927		37		4,369		106
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		289		7		446		27
Consumer and other		1		-		2		1
		10,313		73		11,686		487

With an allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial		-		-		-		-

Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		978		26		1,477		48
		978		26		1,477		48
Consumer real estate
Home equity line		741		-		67		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		217		3		519		18
Second deed of trust		154		2		145		6
		1,112		5		731		24
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		288		-		544		-
Consumer and other		316		-		15		-
		2,694		31		2,767		72

Total
Construction and land development
Commercial		560		-		546		13
		560		-		546		13
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		3,498		55		5,291		157
Non-owner occupied		3,016		-		2,509		231
		6,514		55		7,800		388
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		1,205		-		564		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		2,175		28		3,753		89
Second deed of trust		1,659		14		783		41
		5,039		42		5,100		130
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		577		7		990		27
Consumer and other		317		-		17		1
	$	13,007	$	104	$	14,453	$	559

	For the Three Months				For the Nine Months
	Ended September 30, 2017				Ended September 30, 2017
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	99	$	1	$	100	$	3
		99		1		100		3
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		3,531		32		2,539		90
Non-owner occupied		2,187		23		2,206		82
		5,718		55		4,745		172
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		751		16		761		17
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		3,737		24		3,615		86
Second deed of trust		555		9		563		27
		5,043		49		4,939		130
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		470		35		493		49
Consumer and other		4		-		2		-
		11,334		140		10,279		354

With an allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial		467		5		472		17
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,929		17		2,978		58
		1,929		17		2,978		58
Consumer real estate
Home equity line		139		-		69		6
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		815		8		1,120		26
Second deed of trust		129		1		131		3
		1,083		9		1,320		35
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		444		-		245		4
Consumer and other		-		-		1		-
		3,923		31		5,016		114

Total
Construction and land development
Commercial		566		6		572		20
		566		6		572		20
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		5,460		49		5,517		148
Non-owner occupied		2,187		23		2,206		82
		7,647		72		7,723		230
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		890		16		830		23
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		4,552		32		4,735		112
Second deed of trust		684		10		694		30
		6,126		58		6,259		165
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		915		35		738		53
Consumer and other		4		-		3		-
	$	15,257	$	171	$	15,295	$	468

Included in impaired loans are loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). A modification of a loan’s terms constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. For loans classified as impaired TDRs, the Company further evaluates the loans as performing or nonaccrual. To restore a nonaccrual loan that has been formally restructured in a TDR to accrual status, we perform a current, well documented credit analysis supporting a return to accrual status based on the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Otherwise, the TDR must remain in nonaccrual status. The analysis considers the borrower’s sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period to the return-to-accrual date, but may take into account payments made for a reasonable period prior to the restructuring if the payments are consistent with the modified terms. A sustained period of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of six months and would involve payments in the form of cash or cash equivalents.

An accruing loan that is modified in a TDR can remain in accrual status if, based on a current well-documented credit analysis, collection of principal and interest in accordance with the modified terms is reasonably assured, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period before modification. The following is a summary of performing and nonaccrual TDRs and the related specific valuation allowance by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).

							Specific
							Valuation
	Total		Performing		Nonaccrual		Allowance
September 30, 2018
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
		-		-		-		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		4,102		4,102		-		23
Non-owner occupied		2,092		2,092		-		-
		6,194		6,194		-		23
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deeds of trust		2,407		1,871		536		21
Second deeds of trust		805		739		65		5
		3,212		2,610		602		26
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		329		293		36		-
	$	9,735	$	9,097	$	638	$	49

Number of loans		43		35		8		6

							Specific
							Valuation
	Total		Performing		Nonaccrual		Allowance
December 31, 2017
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	459	$	459	$	-	$	-
		459		459		-		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		4,188		4,005		183		18
Non-owner occupied		2,153		2,153		-		-
		6,341		6,158		183		18
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deeds of trust		3,398		2,709		689		57
Second deeds of trust		590		523		67		4
		3,988		3,232		756		61
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		385		344		41		-
	$	11,173	$	10,193	$	980	$	79

Number of loans		50		43		7		10

The following provides information about TDRs identified during the indicated periods (dollars in thousands).

	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018						September 30, 2017
			Pre-		Post-				Pre-		Post-
			Modification		Modification				Modification		Modification
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded		Number of		Recorded		Recorded
	Loans		Balance		Balance		Loans		Balance		Balance

Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		1	$	73	$	73		1	$	190	$	190
Second deed of trust		-		-		-		1		68		68
		1	$	73	$	73		2	$	258	$	258

There were no defaults on TDRs that were modified as TDRs during the prior twelve month period.

Activity in the allowance for loan losses is as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Construction and land development
Residential	$	36	$	46		$	-		$	-	$	82
Commercial		196		(31	)		-			2		167
		232		15			-			2		249
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		719		(52	)		-			-		667
Non-owner occupied		567		47			-			-		614
Multifamily		72		26			-			-		98
Farmland		2		-			-			-		2
		1,360		21			-			-		1,381
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		237		92			(64	)		-		265
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		476		(80	)		-			2		398
Second deed of trust		56		(8	)		-			6		54
		769		4			(64	)		8		717
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		404		12			-			3		419
Student loans		91		33			(27	)		-		97
Consumer and other		30		13			(1	)		2		44
Unallocated		322		(98	)		-			-		224

	$	3,208	$	-		$	(92	)	$	15	$	3,131

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance

Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
Construction and land development
Residential	$	38	$	-		$	-		$	-	$	38
Commercial		213		(40	)		-			2		175
		251		(40	)		-			2		213
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		515		9			-			-		524
Non-owner occupied		416		18			-			-		434
Multifamily		40		(1	)		-			-		39
Farmland		3		-			-			-		3
		974		26			-			-		1,000
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		250		(3	)		-			-		247
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		462		(10	)		-			7		459
Second deed of trust		127		(89	)		-			7		45
		839		(102	)		-			14		751
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		302		140			-			3		445
Student loans		99		45			(45	)		-		99
Consumer and other		9		(4	)		-			2		7
Unallocated		793		(65	)		-			-		728

	$	3,267	$	-		$	(45	)	$	21	$	3,243

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Construction and land development
Residential	$	32	$	49		$	-		$	1	$	82
Commercial		165		(3	)		-			5		167
		197		46			-			6		249
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		624		43			-			-		667
Non-owner occupied		500		(104	)		-			218		614
Multifamily		60		38			-			-		98
Farmland		3		(1	)		-			-		2
		1,187		(24	)		-			218		1,381
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		268		60			(64	)		1		265
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		502		(82	)		(41	)		19		398
Second deed of trust		47		14			(45	)		38		54
		817		(8	)		(150	)		58		717
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		556		2			(314	)		175		419
Student loans		108		76			(87	)		-		97
Consumer and other		27		31			(22	)		8		44
Unallocated		347		(123	)		-			-		224

	$	3,239	$	-		$	(573	)	$	465	$	3,131

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
Construction and land development
Residential	$	41	$	(4	)	$	-		$	1	$	38
Commercial		300		(127	)		-			2		175
		341		(131	)		-			3		213
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		611		(100	)		-			13		524
Non-owner occupied		406		28			-			-		434
Multifamily		56		(17	)		-			-		39
Farmland		3		-			-			-		3
		1,076		(89	)		-			13		1,000
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		271		(25	)		-			1		247
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		447		90			(107	)		29		459
Second deed of trust		136		(120	)		-			29		45
		854		(55	)		(107	)		59		751
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		223		209			-			13		445
Student loans		158		56			(115	)		-		99
Consumer and other		8		(5	)		(2	)		6		7
Unallocated		713		15			-			-		728

	$	3,373	$	-		$	(224	)	$	94	$	3,243

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Construction and land development
Residential	$	41	$	(10	)	$	-		$	1	$	32
Commercial		300		(108	)		(31	)		4		165
		341		(118	)		(31	)		5		197
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		611		-			-			13		624
Non-owner occupied		406		94			-			-		500
Multifamily		56		4			-			-		60
Farmland		3		-			-			-		3
		1,076		98			-			13		1,187
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		271		(5	)		-			2		268
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		447		98			(107	)		64		502
Second deed of trust		136		(123	)		-			34		47
		854		(30	)		(107	)		100		817
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		223		316			-			17		556
Student loans		158		96			(146	)		-		108
Consumer and other		8		4			(2	)		17		27
Unallocated		713		(366	)		-			-		347

	$	3,373	$	-		$	(286	)	$	152	$	3,239

The allowance for loan losses at each of the periods presented includes an amount that could not be identified to individual types of loans referred to as the unallocated portion of the allowance. The unallocated component covers uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probably losses. We recognize the inherent imprecision in estimates of losses due to various uncertainties and the variability related to the factors used in the calculation of the allowance. The allowance for loan losses included an unallocated portion of approximately $224,000, $347,000, and $728,000 at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017, and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Loans were evaluated for impairment as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Recorded Investment in Loans
	Allowance						Loans
	Ending						Ending
	Balance		Individually		Collectively		Balance		Individually		Collectively

As of September 30, 2018
Construction and land development
Residential	$	82	$	-	$	82	$	14,263	$	-	$	14,263
Commercial		167		-		167		26,818		366		26,452
		249		-		249		41,081		366		40,715
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		667		23		644		97,632		5,220		92,412
Non-owner occupied		614		-		614		87,006		2,608		84,398
Multifamily		98		-		98		15,411		-		15,411
Farmland		2		-		2		232		-		232
		1,381		23		1,358		200,281		7,828		192,453
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		265		-		265		22,393		688		21,705
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		398		21		377		59,564		3,384		56,180
Second deed of trust		54		5		49		9,757		895		8,862
		717		26		691		91,714		4,967		86,747
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		419		144		275		40,142		725		39,417
Student loans		97		-		97		40,502		-		40,502
Consumer and other		268		23		245		1,835		24		1,811

	$	3,131	$	216	$	2,915	$	415,555	$	13,910	$	401,645

Year Ended December 31, 2017
Construction and land development
Residential	$	32	$	-	$	32	$	5,361	$	-	$	5,361
Commercial		165		-		165		25,456		502		24,954
		197		-		197		30,817		502		30,315
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		624		18		606		85,004		5,370		79,634
Non-owner occupied		500		-		500		70,845		2,153		68,692
Multifamily		60		-		60		9,386		-		9,386
Farmland		3		-		3		270		-		270
		1,187		18		1,169		165,505		7,523		157,982
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		268		2		266		22,849		712		22,137
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		502		98		404		57,919		4,745		53,174
Second deed of trust		47		4		43		7,460		590		6,870
		817		104		713		88,228		6,047		82,181
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		556		375		181		36,506		1,220		35,286
Student loans		108		-		108		45,805		-		45,805
Consumer and other		374		18		356		1,848		22		1,826

	$	3,239	$	515	$	2,724	$	368,709	$	15,314	$	353,395

Note 6 – Deposits

Deposits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	September 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
	Amount		%			Amount		%

Demand accounts	$	120,374		27.6	%	$	104,138		25.3	%
Interest checking accounts		48,489		11.1	%		48,042		11.7	%
Money market accounts		88,833		20.3	%		82,523		20.1	%
Savings accounts		28,683		6.6	%		27,596		6.7	%
Time deposits of $250,000 and over		19,730		4.5	%		21,592		5.2	%
Other time deposits		130,757		29.9	%		127,733		31.0	%

Total	$	436,866		100.0	%	$	411,624		100.0	%

Note 7 – Borrowings

The Company uses both short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits when they are available at a lower overall cost to the Company or they can be invested at a positive rate of return.

As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, the Bank is required to own capital stock in the FHLB and is authorized to apply for advances from the FHLB. The Company held $1,384,200 in FHLB stock at September 30, 2018 and $920,000 at December 31, 2017, which is held at cost and included in other assets. Each FHLB credit program has its own interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, and range of maturities. The FHLB may prescribe the acceptable uses to which the advances may be put, as well as on the size of the advances and repayment provisions. The FHLB borrowings are secured by the pledge of investment securities, commercial loans and 1-4 family residential loans. The Company had FHLB advances of $22,500,000 at September 30, 2018 and $12,300,000 at December 31, 2017 maturing through 2023.

The Company uses federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements for short-term borrowing needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are classified as borrowings and generally mature within one to four days from the transaction date. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. There were no borrowings against the lines at September 30, 2018. The carrying value of these short-term borrowing agreements was $1,584,000 at December 31, 2017.

Note 8 – Trust preferred securities

During the first quarter of 2005, Southern Community Financial Capital Trust I, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable securities. On February 24, 2005, $5.2 million of Trust Preferred Capital Notes were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest (three-month LIBOR plus 2.15%) which adjusts, and is payable, quarterly. The interest rate at September 30, 2018 was 4.49%. The securities were redeemable at par beginning on March 15, 2010 and each quarter after such date until the securities mature on March 15, 2035. No amounts have been redeemed at September 30, 2018 and there are no plans to do so. The principal asset of the Trust is $5.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt securities with like maturities and like interest rates to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes.

During the third quarter of 2007, Village Financial Statutory Trust II, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable securities. On September 20, 2007, $3.6 million of Trust Preferred Capital Notes were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest (three-month LIBOR plus 1.4%) which adjusts, and is also payable, quarterly. The interest rate at September 30, 2018 was 3.74%. The securities may be redeemed at par at any time commencing in December 2012 until the securities mature in 2037. No amounts have been redeemed at September 30, 2018 and there are no plans to do so. The principal asset of the Trust is $3.6 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt securities with like maturities and like interest rates to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes.

The Trust Preferred Capital Notes may be included in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy determination purposes up to 25% of Tier 1 capital after its inclusion. The portion of the Trust Preferred Capital Notes not considered as Tier 1 capital may be included in Tier 2 capital.

The obligations of the Company with respect to the issuance of the Trust Preferred Capital Notes constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the Trust’s obligations with respect to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, the Company may elect from time to time to defer interest payments on the junior subordinated debt securities, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related Trust Preferred Capital Notes and require a deferral of common dividends. The Company is current on these interest payments.

Note 9 – Subordinated Debt Offering

On March 21, 2018, the Company issued $5,700,000 of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due March 31, 2028 in a private placement. The Company received $5,539,000 in net proceeds after deducting issuance costs. The subordinated notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 6.50% for the first five years until March 31, 2023; thereafter, the subordinated notes will accrue interest at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.73% until maturity or early redemption. The Company may redeem the subordinated notes in whole or in part, on or after March 31, 2023. The subordinated notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness, whether secured or unsecured, including claims of depositors and general creditors, and rank equally in right of payment with any unsecured, subordinated indebtedness that the Company may incur in the future. At September 30, 2018, the carrying value of the notes totaled $5,555,000.

Note 10 – Stock incentive plan

The Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. Incentive Plan, which was adopted on February 28, 2006, authorized the issuance of up to 48,750 shares of common stock (after the reverse stock split in 2014) (the “2006 Plan”). On May 26, 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved the adoption of the Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) authorizing the issuance of up to 60,000 shares of common stock. The 2015 Plan was adopted to replace the 2006 Plan and any new awards will be made pursuant to the 2015 Plan. The prior awards made under the 2006 Plan were unchanged by the adoption of the 2015 Plan and continue to be governed by the terms of the 2006 Plan.

The following table summarizes stock options outstanding under the stock incentive plans at the indicated dates:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018									2017
				Weighted								Weighted
				Average								Average
				Exercise		Fair Value		Intrinsic				Exercise		Fair Value		Intrinsic
	Options			Price		Per Share		Value		Options		Price		Per Share		Value

Options outstanding, beginning of period		2,245		$	24.17	$	12.88				2,337	$	24.21	$	12.76
Granted		-			-		-				-		-		-
Forfeited		-			-		-				-		-		-
Exercised		(313	)		25.76		16.32				-		-		-
Options outstanding, end of period		1,932		$	23.91	$	12.32	$	-		2,337	$	24.21	$	12.76	$	-
Options exercisable, end of period		1,932									2,337

During the third quarter of 2018, we granted certain officers 8,050 target performance-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair value of $33.75 on the date of grant. These performance awards have a two-year performance period beginning on January 2, 2019. The performance targets are based on return on tangible common equity and the adversely classified items ratio over the performance period with possible payouts ranging from 0% to 150% of the target awards.

During the third quarter of 2018, we granted certain officers 1,575 time-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair value of $33.75 on the date of grant. These restricted stock awards vest over three years. During the first quarter of 2018, we granted certain officers 1,590 time-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair value of $32.42 on the date of grant. These restricted stock awards vest over three years. During the second quarter of 2017, we granted certain officers 600 time-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair value of $28.83 at the date of grant. These restricted stock awards vest over two years. During the third quarter of 2017, we granted certain officers 5,450 time-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair value of $31.00 at the date of grant. These restricted stock awards vest over three years. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we granted certain officers 660 time-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair value of $30.65 at the date of grant. These restricted stock awards vest over one year.

The total number of shares underlying non-vested restricted stock was 25,026 and 28,437 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The fair value of the stock is based on the grant date of the award and the expense is recognized over the vesting period. Unrecognized stock-based compensation related to nonvested share based compensation arrangements granted under the stock incentive plan as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, was $522,100 and $487,374, respectively. The time based unrecognized compensation of $211,042 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.76 years.

Stock-based compensation expense was approximately $136,000 and $102,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Note 11 — Fair value

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the requirements established in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820: Fair Value Measurements, which provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exit price, the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions.

ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair values hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs — Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Inputs — Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods to determine the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Securities: Fair values for securities available-for-sale are obtained from an independent pricing service. The prices are not adjusted. The independent pricing service uses industry-standard models to price U.S. Government agency obligations and mortgage backed securities that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Securities of obligations of state and political subdivisions are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against the treasury rate based on credit rating. Substantially all assumptions used by the independent pricing service are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace (Levels 1 and 2). If the inputs used to provide the evaluation for certain securities are unobservable and/or there is little, if any, market activity, then the security would fall to the lowest level of the hierarchy (Level 3).

Impaired loans: The fair values of impaired loans are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans on a nonrecurring basis. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company’s collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than two years old, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and account receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned assets are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequently, real estate owned assets are carried at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets held for sale: Assets held for sale were transferred from premises and equipment at the lower of cost less accumulated depreciation or fair value at the date of transfer. The Company periodically evaluates the value of assets held for sale and records an impairment charge for any subsequent declines in fair value less selling costs. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company records the assets held for sale as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company records the asset held for sale as nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under Topic 820 on a recurring and non-recurring basis are summarized below for the indicated dates (dollars in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurement
	at September 30, 2018 Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial Assets - Recurring
US Government Agencies	$	23,019	$	-	$	23,019	$	-
Mortgage-backed securities		18,895		-		18,895		-
Subordinated debt		4,071		-		2,014		2,057

Financial Assets - Non-Recurring
Impaired loans		1,935		-		-		1,935
Assets held for sale		610		-		-		610
Other real estate owned		548		-		-		548

	Fair Value Measurement
	at December 31, 2017 Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial Assets - Recurring
US Government Agencies	$	23,683	$	-	$	23,683	$	-
Mortgage-backed securities		21,940		-		21,940		-
Subordinated debt		4,088		757		1,531		1,800

Financial Assets - Non-Recurring
Impaired loans		2,769		-		-		2,769
Assets held for sale		610		-		-		610
Other real estate owned		1,788		-		-		1,788

The following tables present qualitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

	September 30, 2018
					Range
	Fair Value		Valuation	Unobservable	(Weighted
	Estimate		Techniques	Input	Average)

Impaired loans - real estate secured	$	1,781	Appraisal (1) or Internal Valuation (2)	Selling costs	6%-10% (7%)
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	6%-30% (10%)
Impaired loans - non-real estate secured	$	154	Appraisal (1) or Discounted Cash Flow	Selling costs	10%
				Discount for lack of marketability or practical life	0%-50% (20%)

Assets held for sale	$	610	Appraisal (1) or Internal Valuation (2)	Selling costs	6%-10% (7%)
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	6%-30% (15%)
Other real estate owned	$	548	Appraisal (1) or Internal Valuation (2)	Selling costs	6%-10% (7%)

(1)

Fair Value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally included various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable

(2)

Internal valuations may be conducted to determine Fair Value for assets with nominal carrying balances

	December 31, 2017
					Range
	Fair Value		Valuation	Unobservable	(Weighted
	Estimate		Techniques	Input	Average)

Impaired loans - real estate secured	$	2,403	Appraisal (1) or Internal Valuation (2)	Selling costs	6%-10% (7%)
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	6%-30% (10%)
Impaired loans - non-real estate secured	$	366	Appraisal (1) or Discounted Cash Flow	Selling costs	10%
				Discount for lack of marketability or practical life	0%-50% (20%)
Assets held for sale	$	610	Appraisal (1) or Internal Valuation (2)	Selling costs	6%-10% (7%)
				Discount for lack of marketability and age of appraisal	6%-30% (15%)
Other real estate owned	$	1,788	Appraisal (1) or Internal Valuation (2)	Selling costs	6%-10% (7%)

(1)

Fair Value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally included various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable

(2)

Internal valuations may be conducted to determine Fair Value for assets with nominal carrying balances

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 makes targeted improvements to several areas of U.S. GAAP including the disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Specifically, the new guidance (i) eliminates the requirements to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value and the description of the changes therein, if any, during the period, (ii) requires the use of the exit price notion, prospectively, in calculating the fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis and (iii) eliminates the guidance that allowed the use of the entry price notion to calculate the fair value of certain financial instruments, such as loans and long-term debt. For example, the Company has historically estimated the fair value for loans reported at amortized cost on its balance sheet by examining the average rates per the terms of these loans, and comparing those average rates to the current rates offered by the Company (i.e., the entry price notion). Utilizing the exit price notion requires the Company to estimate fair value of these loans based on the price that would be received to sell these loans in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 as previously discussed, the fair value of loans as of September 30, 2018 was measured using an exit price notion. The fair value of loans as of December 31, 2017 was measured using an entry price notion.

		September 30,				December 31,
		2018				2017
	Level in Fair
	Value	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
	Hierarchy	Value		Fair Value		Value		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets
Cash	Level 1	$	15,400	$	15,400	$	17,810	$	17,810
Investment securities available for sale	Level 1		-		-		757		757
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2		43,928		43,928		47,154		47,154
Investment securities available for sale	Level 3		2,057		2,057		1,800		1,800
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	Level 2		1,384		1,384		920		920
Loans held for sale	Level 2		4,496		4,496		8,047		8,047
Loans	Level 3		413,620		408,967		365,940		366,035
Impaired loans	Level 3		1,935		1,935		2,769		2,769
Assets held for sale	Level 3		610		610		610		610
Other real estate owned	Level 3		548		548		1,788		1,788
Bank owned life insurance	Level 3		7,396		7,396		7,268		7,268
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2		2,657		2,657		2,600		2,600

Financial liabilities
Deposits	Level 2		436,866		435,278		411,624		411,044
FHLB borrowings	Level 2		22,500		22,470		12,300		12,294
Trust preferred securities	Level 2		8,764		9,251		8,764		9,099
Other borrowings	Level 2		-		-		1,584		1,584
Accrued interest payable	Level 2		196		196		93		93

Note 12 – Segment Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments: traditional commercial banking and mortgage banking. Revenues from commercial banking operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and securities and fees from deposit services. Mortgage banking operating revenues consist principally of interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale, gains on sales of loans in the secondary mortgage market, and loan origination fee income.

The commercial banking segment provides the mortgage banking segment with the short-term funds needed to originate mortgage loans through a warehouse line of credit and charges the mortgage banking segment interest based on the commercial banking segment’s cost of funds. Additionally, the mortgage banking segment leases premises from the commercial banking segment. These transactions are eliminated in the consolidation process.

The following table presents segment information as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

	Commercial		Mortgage					Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations			Totals
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

Revenues
Interest income	$	5,387	$	98	$	(5	)	$	5,480
Gain on sale of loans		-		1,679		-			1,679
Other revenues		609		186		(56	)		739
Total revenues		5,996		1,963		(61	)		7,898

Expenses
Interest expense		1,047		5		(5	)		1,047
Salaries and benefits		2,080		848		-			2,928
Commissions		-		623		-			623
Other expenses		1,674		274		(56	)		1,892
Total operating expenses		4,801		1,750		(61	)		6,490

Income before income taxes	$	1,195	$	213	$	-		$	1,408

Total assets	$	516,962	$	9,476	$	(14,119	)	$	512,319

	Commercial		Mortgage						Consolidated
	Banking		Banking			Eliminations			Totals
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenues
Interest income	$	4,313	$	72		$	(5	)	$	4,380
Gain on sale of loans		-		1,395			-			1,395
Other revenues		566		158			(41	)		683
Total revenues		4,879		1,625			(46	)		6,458

Expenses
Interest expense		688		5			(5	)		688
Salaries and benefits		2,010		975			-			2,985
Commissions		-		431			-			431
Other expenses		1,775		241			(41	)		1,975
Total operating expenses		4,473		1,652			(46	)		6,079

Income before income taxes	$	406	$	(27	)	$	-		$	379

Total assets	$	467,558	$	10,123		$	(12,975	)	$	464,706

	Commercial		Mortgage					Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations			Totals
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Revenues
Interest income	$	15,197	$	218	$	(6	)	$	15,409
Gain on sale of loans		-		4,131		-			4,131
Other revenues		1,756		492		(155	)		2,093
Total revenues		16,953		4,841		(161	)		21,633

Expenses
Interest expense		2,737		6		(6	)		2,737
Salaries and benefits		6,344		2,499		-			8,843
Commissions		-		1,426		-			1,426
Other expenses		5,277		819		(155	)		5,941
Total operating expenses		14,358		4,750		(161	)		18,947

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,595	$	91	$	-		$	2,686

Total assets	$	516,962	$	9,476	$	(14,119	)	$	512,319

	Commercial		Mortgage					Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations			Totals
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenues
Interest income	$	12,513	$	205	$	(15	)	$	12,703
Gain on sale of loans		-		4,195		-			4,195
Other revenues		1,680		503		(137	)		2,046
Total revenues		14,193		4,903		(152	)		18,944

Expenses
Interest expense		1,997		15		(15	)		1,997
Salaries and benefits		6,090		2,952		-			9,042
Commissions		-		1,180		-			1,180
Other expenses		4,914		689		(137	)		5,466
Total operating expenses		13,001		4,836		(152	)		17,685

Income (loss) before income taxes	$	1,192	$	67	$	-		$	1,259

Total assets	$	467,558	$	10,123	$	(12,975	)	$	464,706

Note 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters

Preferred Stock

On May 1, 2009, as part of the Capital Purchase Program established by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement and Securities Purchase Agreement—Standard Terms with the Treasury, pursuant to which the Company sold (i) 14,738 shares of the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $4.00 per share, having a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “preferred stock”) and (ii) a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase 499,029 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial exercise price of $4.43 per share, subject to certain anti-dilution and other adjustments, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,738,000 in cash. As a result of the Company’s 1 for 16 reverse stock split completed in August 2014, the number of shares underlying the Warrant and the exercise price per share were adjusted to 31,190 and $70.88, respectively. The Warrant was immediately exercisable and expires ten years from the issuance date.

In November 2013, the Company participated in a successful auction of the Company’s preferred stock by the Treasury that resulted in the purchase of the securities by private and institutional investors.

During the first quarter of 2017, the Company received approval from state and federal regulators allowing the Bank to pay a special dividend to the Company for the sole purpose of paying all accrued and unpaid dividends on the preferred stock through February 15, 2017, as well as to redeem 688 shares of the total 5,715 shares outstanding. The accrued and unpaid dividends paid on February 15, 2017 amounted to $2,911,000. The 688 shares were redeemed on February 24, 2017 at a redemption price of $1,000 per share plus accrued dividends from February 15, 2017 to the redemption date.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Company received approval from the state regulators allowing the Bank to pay a special dividend to the Company for the purpose of paying the preferred stock dividend due on May 15, 2017. No other dividends were paid by the Bank to the Company during 2017.

During the first quarter of 2018, the Company used the proceeds from the subordinated note issuance to redeem the remaining 5,027 shares ($5,027,000 aggregate liquidation value) of preferred stock plus accrued dividends of $56,554.

Common Stock

On August 6, 2014, the Company filed Articles of Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation with the Virginia State Corporation Commission to affect a reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock which became effective on August 8, 2014. As a result of the reverse split, every sixteen shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock were consolidated into one issued and outstanding share of common stock.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents the cumulative balances of the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred taxes of $304,000 and $120,000 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017

Net unrealized losses on securities	$	(1,088	)	$	(391	)
Net unrecognized losses on defined benefit plan		(56	)		(61	)
Total other comprehensive loss	$	(1,144	)	$	(452	)

Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under the capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures are established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier 1 Capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 Capital to average assets (the Leverage ratio).

In July 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) approved the final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks (commonly known as Basel III). Under the final rules, which began for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015 and are subject to a phase-in period through January 1, 2019, minimum requirements will increase for both the quantity and quality of capital held by the Company and the Bank. The rules include a new common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (“CET1 ratio”) of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, which when fully phased-in, effectively results in a minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%. Basel III raises the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4.0% to 6.0% (which, with the capital conservation buffer, effectively results in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% when fully phased-in), effectively results in a minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 10.5% (with the capital conservation buffer fully phased-in), and requires a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. Basel III also makes changes to risk weights for certain assets and off-balance-sheet exposures. Management expects that the capital ratios for the Company and the Bank under Basel III will continue to exceed the well capitalized minimum capital requirements.

The capital amounts and ratios at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for the Bank are presented in the table below (dollars in thousands):

						For Capital
	Actual					Adequacy Purposes					To be Well Capitalized
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio

September 30, 2018
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank	$	48,656		12.22	%	$	31,866		8.00	%	$	39,833		10.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		45,525		11.43	%		23,900		6.00	%		31,866		8.00	%

Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)
Village Bank		45,525		8.96	%		20,429		4.00	%		24,537		5.00	%

Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		45,525		11.43	%		17,925		4.50	%		25,891		6.50	%

December 31, 2017
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank	$	45,504		12.88	%	$	28,268		8.00	%	$	35,335		10.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		42,265		11.96	%		21,201		6.00	%		26,268		8.00	%

Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)
Village Bank		42,265		9.18	%		18,422		4.00	%		23,028		5.00	%

Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		42,265		11.96	%		15,901		4.50	%		22,968		6.50	%

Note 14 – Commitments and contingencies

Off-balance-sheet risk – The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the financial statements. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement that the Company has in particular classes of instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, and to potential credit loss associated with letters of credit issued, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for loans and other such on-balance sheet instruments.

The Company had outstanding the following approximate off-balance-sheet financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017

Undisbursed credit lines	$	60,886	$	65,495
Commitments to extend or originate credit		14,819		13,888
Standby letters of credit		4,085		4,615

Total commitments to extend credit	$	79,790	$	83,998

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Historically, many commitments expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total commitment amounts shown in the above table are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, as deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include personal or income-producing commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

Concentrations of credit risk – All of the Company’s loans, commitments to extend credit, and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company is building a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its clients’ ability to honor contracts is reliant upon the economic stability of the Richmond, Virginia area, including the real estate markets in the area. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 5. The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding.

Note 15 – Income Taxes

The net deferred tax asset is included in other assets on the balance sheet. Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. Management considers both positive and negative evidence and analyzes changes in near-term market conditions as well as other factors which may impact future operating results. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. The deferred tax assets are analyzed quarterly for changes affecting realization.

On December 22, 2017, the President signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”). The Tax Reform Act includes a number of changes in existing tax law impacting businesses. One of the most significant changes is a permanent reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The rate reduction took effect on January 1, 2018. GAAP requires companies to re-value their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $11 million. The Company recorded a re-valuation of its deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017, at the new rate of 21%, based upon balances in existence at the date of enactment. As a result, the Company's net deferred tax assets were written down by approximately $4,181,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017 with a corresponding increase in tax expense. Although the Tax Reform Act had a significant negative impact on the Company’s earnings for 2017 as a result of the re-valuation of its deferred tax assets and liabilities, the reduction in the corporate tax rate to 21% is expected to have a significant positive benefit to the Company in 2018 and beyond.

In assessing the Company’s ability to realize its net deferred tax asset, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will or will not be realized. The Company’s ultimate realization of the net deferred tax asset is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the nature and amount of historical and projected future taxable income, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and available tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The amount of net deferred taxes recognized could be impacted by changes to any of these variables.

Each quarter, the Company weighs both the positive and negative information with respect to realization of the net deferred tax asset and analyzes its position as to whether or not a valuation allowance is required. Over the past several quarters, the positive information has been increasing while the negative information has been decreasing. The Company has demonstrated consistent earnings while its level of non-performing assets, which was the primary cause of the Company’s losses, has steadily decreased.

Given the consistent earnings and improving asset quality, the Company’s analysis concluded that, it is more likely than not that the Company will generate sufficient taxable income within the applicable carry-forward periods to realize its net deferred tax asset.

There was $280,000 and $505,000 in income tax expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $106,000 and $333,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

The net operating losses available to offset future taxable income amounted to $20,991,000 at September 30, 2018 and begin expiring in 2028.

Commercial banking organizations conducting business in Virginia are not subject to Virginia income taxes. Instead, they are subject to a franchise tax based on bank capital. The Company recorded franchise tax expense of approximately $80,000 and $241,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to $85,000 and $256,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Note 16 – Recent accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The FASB made subsequent amendments to Topic 842 in July 2018 through ASU 2018-10 (“Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases.”) and ASU 2018-11 (“Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements.”) Among these amendments is the provision in ASU 2018-11 that provides entities with an additional (and optional) transition method to adopt the new leases standard. Under this new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the financial statements in which it adopts the new leases standard will continue to be in accordance with current GAAP (Topic 840, Leases). The Company has determined that the provisions of ASU-2016-02 may result in an increase in assets to recognize the present value of the lease obligations with a corresponding increase in liabilities; however, the Company does not expect this to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in the ASU are effective beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods within that year. Early adoption is permitted beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities will apply the amendments in this ASU through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the first period effective. While the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU No. 2016-13 to determine the potential impact the new standard will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, it has taken steps to prepare for the implementation when it becomes effective, such as forming an internal task force, gathering pertinent data, consulting with outside professionals, and evaluating its current IT systems. This guidance may result in material changes in the Company's accounting for credit losses on financial instruments.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, the Company is required to apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. The Company does have exposure and is assessing the impact of ASU 2017-08, and may choose early adoption. Overall, the Company does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services, which were previously excluded. The amendments will align the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees more similarly. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis OF Financial condition and results of operations

Caution about forward-looking statements

In addition to historical information, this report may contain forward-looking statements. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact may be deemed to be a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements may include statements regarding profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy and financial and other goals. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends” or other words of similar meaning. You can also identify them by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from historical results or those anticipated by such statements.

There are many factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company including, but not limited to:

changes in assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for loan losses, and other estimates;

the risks of changes in interest rates on levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities, and interest sensitive assets and liabilities;

the effects of future economic, business and market conditions;

legislative and regulatory changes, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and other changes in banking, securities, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and changes in scope and cost of FDIC insurance and other coverages;

our inability to maintain our regulatory capital position;

the Company’s computer systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions despite security measures implemented by the Company;

changes in market conditions, specifically declines in the residential and commercial real estate market, volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, soundness of other financial institutions we do business with;

risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;

changes in operations of the mortgage company as a result of the activity in the residential real estate market;

exposure to repurchase loans sold to investors for which borrowers failed to provide full and accurate information on or related to their loan application or for which appraisals have not been acceptable or when the loan was not underwritten in accordance with the loan program specified by the loan investor;

governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

changes in accounting policies, rules and practices;

reliance on our management team, including our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;

demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;

problems with technology utilized by us;

changing trends in customer profiles and behavior; and

other factors described from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made. In addition, past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future results.

General

The Company’s primary source of earnings is net interest income, and its principal market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The Company is not able to predict market interest rate fluctuations and its asset/liability management strategy may not prevent interest rate changes from having a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Although we endeavor to minimize the credit risk inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio, we must necessarily make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of the loan portfolio based on our experience and evaluation of economic conditions. If such assumptions or judgments prove to be incorrect, the current allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover loan losses and additions to the allowance may be necessary, which would have a negative impact on net income.

Results of operations

The following presents management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition of the Company at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and the results of operations for the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Summary

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had net income and net income available to common shareholders of $1,128,000, or $0.79 per fully diluted share, compared to net income of $273,000 and net income available to common shareholders of $160,000, or $0.11 per fully diluted share, for the same period in 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had net income of $2,181,000 and net income available to common shareholders of $2,068,000 or $1.44 per fully diluted share, compared to net income of $926,000 and net income available to common shareholders of $541,000, or $0.38 per fully diluted share for the same period in 2017.

Net interest income

Net interest income, which represents the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets and interest incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, is the Company’s primary source of earnings. Net interest income can be affected by changes in market interest rates as well as the level and composition of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net yield on interest-earning assets (“net interest margin”) is calculated by dividing tax equivalent net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Generally, the net interest margin will exceed the net interest spread because a portion of interest earning assets are funded by various noninterest-bearing sources, principally noninterest-bearing deposits and shareholders’ equity.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			Change
	(dollars in thousands)

Average interest-earning assets	$	472,182		$	415,015		$	57,167
Interest income	$	5,480		$	4,380		$	1,100
Yield on interest-earning assets		4.60	%		4.19	%		0.41	%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	$	352,251		$	315,505		$	36,746
Interest expense	$	1,047		$	688		$	359
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities		1.18	%		0.87	%		0.31	%
Net interest income	$	4,433		$	3,692		$	741
Net interest margin		3.72	%		3.53	%		0.19	%

The increase in net interest income of $741,000 in the third quarter of 2018 was a result of positive movements in interest income. Interest income increased by $1,100,000 with interest income on loans held for investment increasing by $1,031,000 and interest income on investment securities increasing by $76,000. The increase in interest income on loans held for investment was attributable to an increase in average loans outstanding of $68,327,000 and an increase in the yield of 22 basis points. The increase in interest income on securities was due to an increase in average investment securities of $2,767,000 and an increase in the yield of 55 basis points. Interest expense increased by $359,000 because of an increase in average interest bearing liabilities of $36,746,000 and an increase in the cost of interest bearing liabilities of 31 basis points.

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			Change
	(dollars in thousands)

Average interest-earning assets	$	452,784		$	405,320		$	47,464
Interest income	$	15,409		$	12,703		$	2,706
Yield on interest-earning assets		4.55	%		4.19	%		0.36	%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	$	340,838		$	310,417		$	30,421
Interest expense	$	2,737		$	1,997		$	740
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities		1.07	%		0.86	%		0.21	%
Net interest income	$	12,672		$	10,706		$	1,966
Net interest margin		3.74	%		3.53	%		0.21	%

The increase in net interest income of $1,966,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was a result of positive movements in interest income. Interest income increased $2,706,000 with interest income on loans increasing $2,454,000 and interest income on investments increasing by $270,000. The increase in interest income on loans was attributable to an increase in average loans outstanding of $51,267,000 and an increase in the yield of 23 basis points. The increase in interest income on securities was due to an increase in average investment securities of $4,144,000 and an increase in the yield of 62 basis points. Interest expense increased by $740,000 because of an increase in average interest bearing liabilities of $30,421,000 and an increase in the cost of interest bearing liabilities of 21 basis points.

The following table illustrates average balances of total interest-earning assets and total interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated, showing the average distribution of assets, liabilities, shareholders' equity and related income, expense and corresponding weighted-average yields and rates (dollars in thousands). The average balances used in these tables and other statistical data were calculated using daily average balances. We had no tax exempt interest-earning assets for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018								Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
				Interest		Annualized						Interest		Annualized
	Average			Income/		Yield			Average			Income/		Yield
	Balance			Expense		Rate			Balance			Expense		Rate

Loans net of deferred fees	$	411,684		$	5,094		4.91	%	$	343,357		$	4,063		4.69	%
Loans held for sale		7,986			98		4.87	%		7,123			72		4.01	%
Investment securities		46,776			254		2.15	%		44,009			178		1.60	%
Federal funds and other		5,736			34		2.35	%		20,526			67		1.30	%
Total interest earning assets		472,182			5,480		4.60	%		415,015			4,380		4.19	%

Allowance for loan losses and deferred fees		(3,197	)							(3,261	)
Cash and due from banks		9,408								9,560
Premises and equipment, net		12,726								13,029
Other assets		20,674								25,397
Total assets	$	511,793							$	459,740

Interest bearing deposits
Interest checking	$	48,386		$	22		0.18	%	$	49,152		$	22		0.18	%
Money market		83,742			97		0.46	%		82,411			84		0.40	%
Savings		24,441			11		0.18	%		22,597			10		0.18	%
Certificates		157,922			585		1.47	%		150,981			499		1.31	%
Total		314,491			715		0.90	%		305,141			615		0.80	%
Borrowings		37,760			332		3.49	%		10,364			73		2.79	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		352,251			1,047		1.18	%		315,505			688		0.87	%
Noninterest bearing deposits		121,021								97,464
Other liabilities		2,879								2,860
Total liabilities		476,151								415,829
Equity capital		35,642								43,911
Total liabilities and capital	$	511,793							$	459,740

Net interest income before provision for loan losses				$	4,433							$	3,692

Interest spread - average yield on interest earning assets, less average rate on interest bearing liabilities							3.42	%							3.32	%

Annualized net interest margin (net interest income expressed as percentage of average earning assets)							3.72	%							3.53	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
				Interest		Annualized						Interest		Annualized
	Average			Income/		Yield			Average			Income/		Yield
	Balance			Expense		Rate			Balance			Expense		Rate

Loans net of deferred fees	$	393,424		$	14,334		4.87	%	$	342,157		$	11,880		4.64	%
Loans held for sale		6,113			218		4.77	%		6,704			206		4.11	%
Investment securities		47,861			776		2.17	%		43,717			506		1.55	%
Federal funds and other		5,386			81		2.01	%		12,742			111		1.16	%
Total interest earning assets		452,784			15,409		4.55	%		405,320			12,703		4.19	%

Allowance for loan losses and deferred fees		(3,278	)							(3,317	)
Cash and due from banks		10,276								10,023
Premises and equipment, net		12,860								12,858
Other assets		20,832								25,557
Total assets	$	493,474							$	450,441

Interest bearing deposits
Interest checking	$	48,194		$	65		0.18	%	$	45,677		$	61		0.18	%
Money market		82,992			267		0.43	%		77,319			225		0.39	%
Savings		24,231			31		0.17	%		22,373			29		0.17	%
Certificates		155,034			1,641		1.42	%		152,169			1,455		1.28	%
Total		310,451			2,004		0.86	%		297,538			1,770		0.80	%
Borrowings		30,387			733		3.23	%		12,879			227		2.36	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		340,838			2,737		1.07	%		310,417			1,997		0.86	%
Noninterest bearing deposits		113,204								92,851
Other liabilities		2,917								3,481
Total liabilities		456,959								406,749
Equity capital		36,515								43,692
Total liabilities and capital	$	493,474							$	450,441

Net interest income before provision for loan losses				$	12,672							$	10,706

Interest spread - average yield on interest earning assets, less average rate on interest bearing liabilities							3.48	%							3.33	%

Annualized net interest margin (net interest income expressed as percentage of average earning assets)							3.74	%							3.53	%

Provision for (recovery of) loan losses

The amount of the allowance for loan losses is determined by an evaluation of the level of loans outstanding, the level of non-performing loans, historical loan loss experience, delinquency trends, underlying collateral values, the amount of actual losses charged to the reserve in a given period and assessment of present and anticipated economic conditions.

The level of the allowance reflects changes in the size of the portfolio or in any of its components as well as management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political and regulatory conditions. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications.

The Company did not record a provision for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 because of minimal net charge-offs and stable asset quality.

The provision for (recovery of) loan losses by category is presented following (in thousands):

											For Year Ended
	Nine Months Ended September 30,										December 31,
	2018					2017					2017
	Provision			Loans		Provision			Loans		Provision			Loans
	(Recovery)			Outstanding		(Recovery)			Outstanding		(Recovery)			Outstanding

Construction and land development	$	46		$	41,081	$	(131	)	$	34,455	$	(118	)	$	30,817
Commercial real estate		(24	)		200,281		(89	)		136,578		98			165,505
Consumer real estate		(8	)		91,714		(55	)		81,479		(30	)		88,228
Commercial and industrial		2			40,142		209			40,019		316			36,506
Guaranteed student loans		76			40,502		56			47,521		96			45,805
Consumer		31			1,835		(5	)		2,000		4			1,848
Unallocated		(123	)		-		15			-		(366	)		-

	$	-		$	415,555	$	-		$	342,052	$	-		$	368,709

For more financial data and other information about the Allowance for loan losses refer to section, “Balance Sheet Analysis “ under Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Noninterest income

Noninterest income includes service charges and fees on deposit accounts, fee income related to loan origination, gains and losses on sale of mortgage loans and securities held for sale, and rental income primarily on our previous headquarters building. The most significant noninterest income item has been mortgage banking income, net of commissions, representing 68% for the three month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and 66% and 69% for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2018		2017		$		%
	(dollars in thousands)

Service charges and fees	$	485	$	460	$	25		5.4	%
Mortgage banking income, net		1,227		1,114		113		10.1	%
Other		83		73		10		13.7	%
Total noninterest income	$	1,795	$	1,647	$	148		9.0	%

The increase in mortgage banking income, net of commissions, is due primarily to an increase in the gain on sale of loans held for sale from $1,395,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to $1,679,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					Change
	2018		2017			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)

Service charges and fees	$	1,424	$	1,372		$	52			3.8	%
Mortgage banking income, net		3,164		3,482			(318	)		(9.1	)%
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities		-		(9	)		9			(100.0	)%
Other		207		216			(9	)		(4.2	)%
Total noninterest income	$	4,795	$	5,061		$	(266	)		(5.3	)%

The decrease in mortgage banking income, net of commissions, is due primarily to an increase in commission expense from $1,180,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $1,426,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Noninterest expense

	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2018		2017		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)

Salaries and benefits	$	2,928	$	2,985	$	(57	)		(1.9	)%
Occupancy		316		269		47			17.5	%
Equipment		228		193		35			18.1	%
Supplies		44		55		(11	)		(20.0	)%
Professional and outside services		649		742		(93	)		(12.5	)%
Advertising and marketing		77		134		(57	)		(42.5	)%
Foreclosed assets, net		21		11		10			90.9	%
FDIC insurance premium		82		69		13			18.8	%
Other operating expense		475		502		(27	)		(5.4	)%
Total noninterest income	$	4,820	$	4,960	$	(140	)		(2.8	)%

The decrease in salaries and benefits was due to staffing reductions associated with processing efficiencies gained in the mortgage segment during the fourth quarter of 2017.

Occupancy increased due to the opening of a new mortgage company branch during the first quarter of 2018 and building management fees attributed to our branches and headquarters building.

The decrease in professional and outside services was due to lower expense associated with consultants and other outside service providers.

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						Change
	2018			2017			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)

Salaries and benefits	$	8,843		$	9,042		$	(199	)		(2.2	)%
Occupancy		991			821			170			20.7	%
Equipment		658			553			105			19.0	%
Cease use lease obligation		-			(125	)		125			(100.0	)%
Supplies		147			173			(26	)		(15.0	)%
Professional and outside services		2,170			2,254			(84	)		(3.7	)%
Advertising and marketing		224			274			(50	)		(18.2	)%
Foreclosed assets, net		(53	)		(151	)		98			(64.9	)%
FDIC insurance premium		238			207			31			15.0	%
Other operating expense		1,563			1,460			103			7.1	%
Total noninterest income	$	14,781		$	14,508		$	273			1.9	%

The decrease in salaries and benefits was due to staffing reductions associated with processing efficiencies gained in the mortgage segment.

Occupancy increased due to the opening of a new mortgage company branch, increase in snow removal expenses and building management fees.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a loss from branch consolidation of $252,000 related to a future lease obligation, which was settled for a lower amount late in the first quarter of 2017 resulting in a partial recovery of $125,000.

The change in expense related to foreclosed assets was primarily due to the recognition of gains on the sale of foreclosed assets of $218,000 during the first nine months of 2017 compared to a gain of $69,000 during first nine months of 2018.

Income taxes

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $280,000 and $505,000, respectively, resulting in an effective tax rate of 19.9% and 18.8%, respectively, compared to $106,000 and $333,000, or 27.9% and 26.4%, for the same periods in 2017. The lower effective tax rates in 2018 resulted from the reduction in the corporate income tax rate beginning in 2018.

The Company has a net deferred tax asset which is included in other assets on the balance sheet. For more financial data and other information about income taxes refer to Note 15 “Income Taxes” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Investment securities

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of our investment securities were classified as available for sale.

For more financial data and other information about investment securities refer to Note 4 “Investment Securities Available for Sale” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this From 10-Q.

Loans

One of management’s objectives is to improve the quality of the loan portfolio. The Company seeks to achieve this objective by maintaining rigorous underwriting standards coupled with regular evaluation of the creditworthiness of and the designation of lending limits for each borrower. The portfolio strategies include seeking industry, loan type and loan size diversification in order to minimize credit concentration risk. Management also focuses on originating loans in markets with which the Company is familiar. Additionally, as a significant amount of the loan losses we have experienced in the past is attributable to construction and land development loans, our strategy has shifted from reducing this type of lending to closely managing the quality and concentration in these loan types.

Approximately 80% of all loans are secured by mortgages on real property located principally in the Commonwealth of Virginia. We are less reliant on real estate secured lending than was the case in 2012 when 90% of our loan portfolio consisted of this type of lending. Approximately 10% of the loan portfolio consists of rehabilitated student loans purchased by the Bank in 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (see discussion following). The Company’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio represents approximately 10% of all loans. Loans in this category are typically made to individuals, and small and medium-sized businesses, and range between $250,000 and $2.5 million. Based on underwriting standards, commercial and industrial loans may be secured in whole or in part by collateral such as liquid assets, accounts receivable, equipment, inventory, and real property. The collateral securing any loan may depend on the type of loan and may vary in value based on market conditions. The remainder of our loan portfolio is in consumer loans which represent less than 1% of the total.

The following table presents the composition of our loan portfolio (excluding mortgage loans held for sale) at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Amount			%			Amount			%
Construction and land development
Residential	$	14,263			3.43	%	$	5,361			1.45	%
Commercial		26,818			6.45	%		25,456			6.91	%
		41,081			9.88	%		30,817			8.36	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		97,632			23.49	%		85,004			23.06	%
Non-owner occupied		87,006			20.94	%		70,845			19.21	%
Multifamily		15,411			3.71	%		9,386			2.55	%
Farmland		232			0.06	%		270			0.07	%
		200,281			48.20	%		165,505			44.89	%
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		22,393			5.39	%		22,849			6.20	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		59,564			14.33	%		57,919			15.71	%
Second deed of trust		9,757			2.35	%		7,460			2.02	%
		91,714			22.07	%		88,228			23.93	%
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		40,142			9.66	%		36,506			9.90	%
Guaranteed student loans		40,502			9.75	%		45,805			12.42	%
Consumer and other		1,835			0.44	%		1,848			0.50	%

Total loans		415,555			100.0	%		368,709			100.0	%
Deferred fees and costs, net		764						699
Less: allowance for loan losses		(3,131	)					(3,239	)

	$	413,188					$	366,169

For more financial data and other information about loans refer to Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Allowance for loan losses

We monitor and maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb an estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For more financial data and other information about loans refer to Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Asset quality

The following table summarizes asset quality information at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,			September 30,
	2018			2017			2017

Nonaccrual loans	$	2,079		$	2,320		$	2,516
Other real estate owned		548			1,788			1,788
Total nonperforming assets	$	2,627		$	4,108		$	4,304

Restructured loans (not included in nonaccrual loans above)	$	9,097		$	8,313		$	10,170

Loans past due 90 days and still accruing *⁽¹⁾*	$	6,661		$	7,229		$	8,113

Nonperforming assets to loans *⁽²⁾*		0.63	%		1.11	%		1.24	%

Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.51	%		0.90	%		0.93	%

Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans		150.6	%		139.6	%		128.9	%

(1) All loans 90 days past due and still accruing consist of loans guaranteed by the United States Department of Agriculture, which covers 100% of the principal and interest, and student loans that are garanteed by the DOE, which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest.

(2) Loans are net of deferred fees and costs.

The following table presents an analysis of the changes in nonperforming assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):

	Nonaccrual			Foreclosed
	Loans			Properties			Total

Balance December 31, 2017	$	2,320		$	1,788		$	4,108
Additions		901			-			901
Loans placed back on accrual		(260	)		-			(260	)
Transfers to OREO		-			-			-
Repayments		(363	)		-			(363	)
Charge-offs		(519	)		-			(519	)
Sales		-			(1,240	)		(1,240	)

Balance September 30, 2018	$	2,079		$	548		$	2,627

Nonperforming restructured loans are included in nonaccrual loans. Until a nonperforming restructured loan has performed in accordance with its restructured terms for a minimum of six months, it will remain on nonaccrual status.

Interest is accrued on outstanding loan principal balances, unless the Company considers collection to be doubtful. Commercial and unsecured consumer loans are designated as non-accrual when the Company considers collection of expected principal and interest doubtful. Mortgage loans and most other types of consumer loans past due 90 days or more may remain on accrual status if management determines that concern over our ability to collect principal and interest is not significant. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued and unpaid interest is reversed against interest income in the current period and interest is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash is received. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

Of the total nonaccrual loans of $2,079,000 at September 30, 2018 that were considered impaired, five loans totaling $306,000 had specific allowances for loan losses totaling $152,000. This compares to $2,320,000 in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2017 of which thirteen loans totaling $1,053,000 had specific allowances for loan losses of $454,000.

Cumulative interest income that would have been recorded had nonaccrual loans been performing would have been approximately $212,000 and $145,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Deposits

Deposits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	September 30, 2018					December 31, 2017
	Amount		%			Amount		%

Demand accounts	$	120,374		27.6	%	$	104,138		25.3	%
Interest checking accounts		48,489		11.1	%		48,042		11.7	%
Money market accounts		88,833		20.3	%		82,523		20.1	%
Savings accounts		28,683		6.6	%		27,596		6.7	%
Time deposits of $250,000 and over		19,730		4.5	%		21,592		5.2	%
Other time deposits		130,757		29.9	%		127,733		31.0	%

Total	$	436,866		100.0	%	$	411,624		100.0	%

Total deposits increased by $25,242,000, or 6.1%, from $411,624,000 at December 31, 2017 to $436,866,000 at September 30, 2018, as compared to an increase of $24,127,000, or 6.3%, during the first nine months of 2017. Checking and savings accounts increased by $17,770,000, money market accounts increased by $6,310,000 and time deposits increased by $1,162,000 during the first nine months of 2018. The cost of our interest-bearing deposits increased to 0.86% for the first nine months of 2018 compared to 0.80% for the first nine months of 2017.

The variety of deposit accounts that we offer has allowed us to be competitive in obtaining funds and has allowed us to respond with flexibility to, although not to eliminate, the threat of disintermediation (the flow of funds away from depository institutions such as banking institutions into direct investment vehicles such as government and corporate securities). Our ability to attract and retain deposits, and our cost of funds, has been, and is expected to continue to be, significantly affected by money market conditions.

Borrowings

We utilize borrowings to supplement deposits to address funding or liability duration needs. For more financial data and other information about borrowings refer to Note 7 “Borrowings” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Capital resources

Shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2018 was $35,819,000 compared to $39,334,000 at December 31, 2017. The $3.5 million decrease in shareholders’ equity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily due to the redemption of the Company’s remaining 5,027 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A on March 30, 2018.

The following table presents the composition of regulatory capital and the capital ratios for the Bank at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017

Tier 1 capital
Total bank equity capital	$	46,794		$	44,748
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities		1,088			401
Defined benefit postretirement plan		56			51
Dissallowed deferred tax asset		(2,413	)		(2,935	)
Total Tier 1 capital		45,525			42,265

Tier 2 capital
Allowance for loan losses		3,131			3,239
Total Tier 2 capital		3,131			3,239

Total risk-based capital		48,656			45,504

Risk-weighted assets	$	398,325		$	353,349

Average assets	$	508,322		$	460,556

Capital ratios
Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)		8.96	%		9.18	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (CET 1)		11.43	%		11.96	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets		11.43	%		11.96	%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets		12.22	%		12.88	%
Equity to total assets		9.17	%		9.42	%

For more financial data and other information about capital resources, refer to Note 13 “Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Liquidity

Liquidity represents the ability of a company to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss, and the ability to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management involves monitoring our sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of our investment portfolio is fairly predictable and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are far less predictable and are not subject to the same degree of control.

At September 30, 2018, our liquid assets, consisting of cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available for sale totaled $61,385,000, or 12% of total assets. Investment securities traditionally provide a secondary source of liquidity since they can be converted into cash in a timely manner. However, approximately $7,936,000 of these securities are pledged against current and potential fundings.

Our holdings of liquid assets plus the ability to maintain and expand our deposit base and borrowing capabilities serve as our principal sources of liquidity. We plan to meet our future cash needs through the liquidation of temporary investments, the generation of deposits, and from additional borrowings. In addition, we will receive cash upon the maturity and sale of loans and the maturity of investment securities. We maintain two federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $15 million for which there were no borrowings against the lines at September 30, 2018 and $1,584,000 at December 31, 2017.

We are also a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”), from which applications for borrowings can be made. The FHLB requires that securities, qualifying mortgage loans, and stock of the FHLB owned by the Bank be pledged to secure any advances from the FHLB. The unused borrowing capacity currently available from the FHLB at September 30, 2018 was $10.8 million, based on the Bank's qualifying collateral available to secure any future borrowings. However, we are able to pledge additional collateral to the FHLB in order to increase our available borrowing capacity up to 25% of assets. Liquidity provides us with the ability to meet normal deposit withdrawals, while also providing for the credit needs of customers. We are committed to maintaining liquidity at a level sufficient to protect depositors, provide for reasonable growth, and fully comply with all regulatory requirements.

At September 30, 2018, we had commitments to originate $79,790,000 of loans. Fixed commitments to incur capital expenditures were approximately $100,000 at September 30, 2018. Certificates of deposit scheduled to mature in the 12-month period ending September 30, 2019 totaled $80,892,000. We believe that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We further believe that deposit growth, loan repayments and other sources of funds will be adequate to meet our foreseeable short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Interest rate sensitivity

An important element of asset/liability management is the monitoring of our sensitivity to interest rate movements. In order to measure the effects of interest rates on our net interest income, management takes into consideration the expected cash flows from the securities and loan portfolios and the expected magnitude of the repricing of specific asset and liability categories. We evaluate interest sensitivity risk and then formulate guidelines to manage this risk based on management’s outlook regarding the economy, forecasted interest rate movements and other business factors. Our goal is to maximize and stabilize the net interest margin by limiting exposure to interest rate changes.

Contractual principal repayments of loans do not necessarily reflect the actual term of our loan portfolio. The average lives of mortgage loans are substantially less than their contractual terms because of loan prepayments and because of enforcement of due-on-sale clauses, which gives us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, the borrower sells the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid. In addition, certain borrowers increase their equity in the security property by making payments in excess of those required under the terms of the mortgage.

The sale of fixed rate loans is intended to protect us from precipitous changes in the general level of interest rates. The valuation of adjustable rate mortgage loans is not as directly dependent on the level of interest rates as is the value of fixed rate loans. As with other investments, we regularly monitor the appropriateness of the level of adjustable rate mortgage loans in our portfolio and may decide from time to time to sell such loans and reinvest the proceeds in other adjustable rate investments.

Critical accounting policies

General

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiary are in accordance GAAP and conform to general practices within the banking industry. The Company’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions and judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and amounts reported for revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations.

The more critical accounting and reporting policies include the Company’s accounting for the allowance for loan losses, troubled debt restructurings, real estate acquired in settlement of loans and income taxes. The Company’s accounting policies are fundamental to understanding the Company’s consolidated financial position and consolidated results of operations.

The following is a summary of the Company’s critical accounting policies that are highly dependent on estimates, assumptions, and judgments.

Allowance for loan losses

We monitor and maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb an estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. We maintain policies and procedures that address the systems of controls over the following areas of maintenance of the allowance: the systematic methodology used to determine the appropriate level of the allowance to provide assurance they are maintained in accordance with GAAP; the accounting policies for loan charge-offs and recoveries; the assessment and measurement of impairment in the loan portfolio; and the loan grading system.

The allowance reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing loan portfolio and of the risk inherent in various components of the loan portfolio, including loans identified as impaired as required by Financial Accounting Standards Board Codification Topic 310: Receivables. Loans evaluated individually for impairment include nonperforming loans, such as loans on nonaccrual, loans past due by 90 days or more, restructured loans and other loans selected by management. The evaluations are based upon discounted expected cash flows or collateral valuations. If the evaluation shows that a loan is individually impaired, then a specific reserve is established for the amount of impairment.

Loans are grouped by similar characteristics, including the type of loan, the assigned loan classification and the general collateral type. A loss rate reflecting the expected loss inherent in a group of loans is derived based upon historical net charge-off rates, the predominant collateral type for the group and the terms of the loan. The resulting estimate of losses for groups of loans is adjusted for relevant environmental factors and other conditions of the portfolio of loans and leases, including: borrower and industry concentrations; levels and trends in delinquencies, charge-offs and recoveries; changes in underwriting standards and risk selection; level of experience, ability and depth of lending management; and national and local economic conditions.

The amounts of estimated impairment for individually evaluated loans and groups of loans are added together for a total estimate of loan losses. This estimate of losses is compared to our allowance for loan losses as of the evaluation date and, if the estimate of losses is greater than the allowance, an additional provision to the allowance would be made. If the estimate of losses is less than the allowance, the degree to which the allowance exceeds the estimate is evaluated to determine whether the allowance falls outside a range of estimates. We recognize the inherent imprecision in estimates of losses due to various uncertainties and the variability related to the factors used in the calculation of the allowance. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail and it is determined that the allowance is not adequate to absorb the new estimate of probable losses, an additional provision for loan losses would be made, which amount may be material to the financial statements.

Troubled debt restructurings

A loan is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring if we, for economic or legal reasons, grant a concession to a borrower considered to be experiencing financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A troubled debt restructuring may involve the receipt of assets from the debtor in partial or full satisfaction of the loan, or a modification of terms such as a reduction of the stated interest rate or balance of the loan, a reduction of accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date or renewal of the loan at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, or some combination of these concessions. Troubled debt restructurings can be in either accrual or nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings are included in nonperforming loans. Accruing troubled debt restructurings are generally excluded from nonperforming loans as it is considered probable that all contractual principal and interest due under the restructured terms will be collected. Troubled debt restructurings generally remain categorized as nonperforming loans and leases until a six-month payment history has been maintained.

In accordance with current accounting guidance, loans modified as troubled debt restructurings are, by definition, considered to be impaired loans. Impairment for these loans is measured on a loan-by-loan basis similar to other impaired loans as described above under Allowance for loan losses. Certain loans modified as troubled debt restructurings may have been previously measured for impairment under a general allowance methodology (i.e., pooling), thus at the time the loan is modified as a troubled debt restructuring the allowance will be impacted by the difference between the results of these two measurement methodologies. Loans modified as troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default are factored into the determination of the allowance in the same manner as other defaulted loans.

Other real estate owned

Other real estate owned represents properties acquired through foreclosure or physical possession. Write-downs to fair value less cost to sell of foreclosed assets at the time of transfer are charged to allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to foreclosure, the Company periodically evaluates the value of foreclosed assets held for sale and records an impairment charge for any subsequent declines in fair value less selling costs. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed as incurred. The valuation allowance was $67,000 and $281,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Fair value is based on an assessment of information available at the end of a reporting period and depends upon a number of factors, including historical experience, economic conditions, and issues specific to individual properties. The evaluation of these factors involves subjective estimates and judgments that may change.

Income taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. If current available information raises doubt as to the realization of the deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance may be established. Management considers the determination of this valuation allowance to be a critical accounting policy due to the need to exercise significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets, including projections of future taxable income. These judgments and estimates are reviewed on a continual basis as regulatory and business factors change. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be required if the amounts of taxes recoverable through loss carry backs decline, or if management projects lower levels of future taxable income.

On December 22, 2017, the President signed into law the Tax Reform Act. The Tax Reform Act includes a number of changes in existing tax law impacting businesses. One of the most significant changes is a permanent reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The rate reduction took effect on January 1, 2018. GAAP requires companies to re-value their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $11 million. The Company recorded a re-valuation of its deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017, at the new rate of 21%, based upon balances in existence at date of enactment. As a result, the Company's net deferred tax assets were written down by approximately $4,181,000 in the fourth quarter of 2017 with a corresponding increase in tax expense. Although the Tax Reform Act had a significant negative impact on the Company’s earnings for 2017 as a result of the re-valuation of its deferred tax assets and liabilities, the reduction in the corporate tax rate to 21% is expected to have a significant positive benefit to the Company in 2018 and beyond.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not Applicable.

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2018. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018 in ensuring that all material information required to be disclosed in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed summarized and reported with the time periods specified in SEC rules and regulations and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of it that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

As previously disclosed by the Company, in March 2013, the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program notified the Company that it was conducting an investigation of the Company. SIGTARP issued seven subpoenas from March 2013 to November 2016 requesting that the Company produce certain documents and other information. The Company has been cooperating fully with SIGTARP in providing the requested materials. The Company cannot predict the duration or the outcome of this investigation, including the effect the investigation and the costs associated with the investigation could have on the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.

In the course of its operations, the Company may become a party to legal proceedings. Except as described above, there are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is party or of which the property of the Company is subject.

ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

32.1

Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101

The following materials from the Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	VILLAGE BANK AND TRUST FINANCIAL CORP.

Date: November 9, 2018	By:	/s/ William G. Foster, Jr.
		William G. Foster, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Donald M. Kaloski, Jr.
		Donald M. Kaloski, Jr.
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer