Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Mark One)

 

[ü] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

or

 

[    ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number:

1-6523

 

 

Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter:

Bank of America Corporation

 

 

State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization:

Delaware

IRS Employer Identification No.:

56-0906609

Address of Principal Executive Offices:

Bank of America Corporate Center

100 N. Tryon Street

Charlotte, North Carolina 28255

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(704) 386-5681

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock

  New York Stock Exchange
  London Stock Exchange
  Tokyo Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of

 

    6.204% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D

  New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of

    Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E

  New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of 6.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I

  New York Stock Exchange

Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/1,000th interest in a share of 7.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J

  New York Stock Exchange

7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L

  New York Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLESSM, due June 1, 2010, Linked to the +Nasdaq-100 Index®

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due June 28, 2010, Linked to the S&P 500® Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return – Return Linked Notes, due June 24, 2010, Linked to the Nikkei 225 Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Basket EAGLESSM, due August 2, 2010, Linked to a Basket of Energy Stocks

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due August 28, 2009, Linked to the Russell 2000® Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due September 25, 2009, Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial AverageSM

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due October 29, 2010, Linked to the Nasdaq-100 Index®

  American Stock Exchange

1.50% Index CYCLESTM, due November 26, 2010, Linked to the S&P 500® Index

  American Stock Exchange


Table of Contents

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

1.00% Index CYCLESTM, due December 28, 2010, Linked to the S&P MidCap 400 Index

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes due June 28, 2010, Linked to the Nikkei 225 Index

  American Stock Exchange

1.00% Index CYCLESTM, due January 28, 2011, Linked to a Basket of Health Care Stocks

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due January 28, 2011, Linked to the Russell 2000® Index

  American Stock Exchange

0.25% Cash-Settled Exchangeable Notes, due January 26, 2010, Linked to the Nasdaq-100 Index®

  American Stock Exchange

1.25% Index CYCLESTM, due February 24, 2010, Linked to the S&P 500® Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due March 27, 2009, Linked to the Nasdaq-100 Index®

  American Stock Exchange

1.75% Basket CYCLESTM, due April 30, 2009, Linked to a Basket of Three Indices

  American Stock Exchange

1.00% Basket CYCLESTM, due May 27, 2010, Linked to a “70/30” Basket of Four Indices and an Exchange Traded Fund

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due June 25, 2010, Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial AverageSM

  American Stock Exchange

1.50% Basket CYCLESTM, due July 29, 2011, Linked to an “80/20” Basket of Four Indices and an Exchange Traded Fund

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due August 28, 2009, Linked to the AMEX Biotechnology IndexSM

  American Stock Exchange

1.25% Index CYCLESTM, due August 25, 2010, Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial AverageSM

  American Stock Exchange

1.25% Basket CYCLESTM, due September 27, 2011, Linked to a Basket of Four Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Basket EAGLESSM, due September 29, 2010, Linked to a Basket of Energy Stocks

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due October 29, 2010, Linked to the S&P 500® Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due November 23, 2010, Linked to the Nasdaq-100 Index®

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES®, due November 24, 2010, Linked to the CBOE China Index

  American Stock Exchange

1.25% Basket CYCLESTM, due December 27, 2010, Linked to a “70/30” Basket of Four Indices and an Exchange Traded Fund

  American Stock Exchange

1.50% Index CYCLESTM, due December 28, 2011, Linked to a Basket of Health Care Stocks

  American Stock Exchange

6 1/2% Subordinated InterNotesSM, due 2032

  New York Stock Exchange

5 1/2% Subordinated InterNotesSM, due 2033

  New York Stock Exchange

5 7/8% Subordinated InterNotesSM, due 2033

  New York Stock Exchange

6% Subordinated InterNotesSM, due 2034

  New York Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due March 25, 2011, Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial Average

  American Stock Exchange

1.625% Index CYCLES, due March 23, 2010, Linked to the Nikkei 225 Index

  American Stock Exchange

1.75% Index CYCLES, due April 28, 2011, Linked to the S&P 500 Index

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due August 26, 2010, Linked to a Basket of Three Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due June 27, 2011, Linked to an “80/20” Basket of Four Indices and an Exchange Traded Fund

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due July 29, 2010, Linked to the S&P 500 Index

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due January 28, 2011, Linked to a Basket of Two Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due August 26, 2010, Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial Average

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due August 25, 2011, Linked to the Dow Jones EURO STOXX 50 Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due October 3, 2011, Linked to the S&P 500 Index

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due October 28, 2011, Linked to the AMEX Biotechnology Index

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due October 27, 2011, Linked to a Basket of Three Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due November 22, 2010, Linked to a Basket of Two Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due November 23, 2011, Linked to a Basket of Five Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Minimum Return Index EAGLES, due December 27, 2011, Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial average

  American Stock Exchange

0.25% Senior Notes Optionally Exchangeable Into a Basket of Three Common Stocks, due February 2012

  American Stock Exchange

Return Linked Notes, due December 29, 2011 Linked to a Basket of Three Indices

  American Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes  ü    No    

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.   Yes        No  ü

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ü    No    

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  ü   Accelerated filer       Non-accelerated filer    (do not check if a smaller reporting company)   Smaller reporting company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes        No  ü

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock (“Common Stock”) held by non-affiliates is approximately $215,286,616,664 (based on the June 29, 2007 closing price of Common Stock of $48.89 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange). As of February 25, 2008, there were 4,442,228,781 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Document of the Registrant

  

Form 10-K Reference Locations

Portions of the 2008 Proxy Statement    PART III

 

 

 


Table of Contents

Part I

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

Item 1.  Business

General

Bank of America Corporation (“Bank of America” or the “Corporation”) is a Delaware corporation, a bank holding company and a financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Our principal executive offices are located in the Bank of America Corporate Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255.

Through our banking subsidiaries (the “Banks”) and various nonbanking subsidiaries throughout the United States and in selected international markets, we provide a diversified range of banking and nonbanking financial services and products through three business segments: Global Consumer and Small Business Banking, Global Corporate and Investment Banking and Global Wealth and Investment Management. We currently operate in 32 states, the District of Columbia and more than 30 foreign countries. The Bank of America footprint covers more than 82 percent of the U.S. population and 44 percent of the country’s wealthy households. In the United States, we serve approximately 59 million consumer and small business relationships with more than 6,100 retail banking offices, more than 18,500 ATMs and approximately 24 million active on-line users. We have banking centers in 13 of the 15 fastest growing states and hold the top market share in 6 of those states. Bank of America is the number one Small Business Administration lender and has relationships with 99 percent of the U.S. Fortune 500 Companies and 83 percent of the Fortune Global 500 Companies.

Additional information relating to our businesses and our subsidiaries is included in the information set forth in pages 19 through 35 of Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 22 – Business Segment Information of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

Bank of America’s website is www.bankofamerica.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available on our website at http://investor.bankofamerica.com under the heading SEC Filings as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In addition, we make available on http://investor.bankofamerica.com under the heading Corporate Governance: (i) our Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy; (ii) our Corporate Governance Guidelines; and (iii) the charters of each of Bank of America’s Board committees, and we also intend to disclose any amendments to our Code of Ethics, or waivers of our Code of Ethics on behalf of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer, on our website. All of these corporate governance materials are also available free of charge in print to stockholders who request them in writing to: Bank of America Corporation, Attention: Shareholder Relations Department, 101 South Tryon Street, NC1-002-29-01, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255.

 

Competition

Bank of America and our subsidiaries operate in a highly competitive environment. Our competitors include banks, thrifts, credit unions, investment banking firms, investment advisory firms, brokerage firms, investment companies, insurance companies, mortgage banking companies, credit card issuers, mutual fund companies and e-commerce and other Internet-based companies. We compete with some of these competitors globally and with others on a regional or product basis. Competition is based on a number of factors including customer service, quality and range of products and services offered, price, reputation, interest rates on loans and deposits, lending limits and customer convenience.

More specifically, our consumer banking business competes with banks, thrifts, credit unions, finance companies and other nonbank organizations offering financial services. Our commercial lending business competes with local, regional and international banks and nonbank financial organizations, some of which are larger than certain of our nonbanking subsidiaries and the Banks. In the investment banking, investment advisory and brokerage businesses, our nonbanking subsidiaries compete with U.S. and international banking and investment banking firms, investment advisory firms, brokerage firms, investment companies, other organizations offering similar services and other investment alternatives available to investors, some of which are larger than our subsidiaries. Our mortgage banking units compete with banks, thrifts, government agencies, mortgage brokers and other nonbank organizations offering mortgage banking services. Our card business competes in the U.S. and internationally with banks, as well as monoline and retail card product companies. In the trust business, the Banks compete with other banks, thrifts, insurance agents, financial counselors and other fiduciaries for personal trust business and with other banks, investment counselors and insurance companies for institutional funds.

Bank of America also competes actively for funds. A primary source of funds for the Banks is deposits, and competition for deposits includes other deposit-taking organizations, such as banks, thrifts and credit unions, as well as money market mutual funds. In addition, we compete for funding in the domestic and international short-term and long-term debt securities capital markets.

Our ability to expand into additional states remains subject to various federal and state laws. See “Government Supervision and Regulation – General” below for a more detailed discussion of interstate banking and branching legislation and certain state legislation.

Employees

As of December 31, 2007, there were approximately 210,000 full-time equivalent employees within Bank of America and our subsidiaries. Of these employees, 116,000 were employed within Global Consumer and Small Business Banking, 21,000 were employed within Global Corporate and Investment Banking and 14,000 were employed within Global Wealth and Investment Management. The remainder were employed elsewhere within our company including various staff and support functions.


 

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Table of Contents

 

None of our domestic employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Management considers our employee relations to be good.

Acquisition and Disposition Activity

As part of our operations, we regularly evaluate the potential acquisition of, and hold discussions with, various financial institutions and other businesses of a type eligible for financial holding company ownership or control. In addition, we regularly analyze the values of, and submit bids for, the acquisition of customer-based funds and other liabilities and assets of such financial institutions and other businesses. We also regularly consider the potential disposition of certain of our assets, branches, subsidiaries or lines of businesses. As a general rule, we publicly announce any material acquisitions or dispositions when a definitive agreement has been reached.

On October 1, 2007, the Corporation completed the acquisition of ABN AMRO North America Holding Company, parent of LaSalle Bank Corporation. On July 1, 2007, the Corporation completed the acquisition of U.S. Trust Corporation. Additional information on our acquisitions and mergers is included under Note 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 which is incorporated herein by reference.

Government Supervision and Regulation

The following discussion describes elements of an extensive regulatory framework applicable to bank holding companies, financial holding companies and banks and specific information about Bank of America and our subsidiaries. Federal regulation of banks, bank holding companies and financial holding companies is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the Deposit Insurance Fund rather than for the protection of stockholders and creditors.

General

As a registered bank holding company and financial holding company, Bank of America is subject to the supervision of, and regular inspection by, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board” or “FRB”). The Banks are organized as national banking associations, which are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “Comptroller” or “OCC”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), the Federal Reserve Board, other federal and state regulatory agencies, and with respect to Bank of America’s operations in the United Kingdom, the Financial Services Authority (the “FSA”). In addition to banking laws, regulations and regulatory agencies, Bank of America and our subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to various other laws and regulations and supervision and examination by other regulatory agencies, all of which directly or indirectly affect the operations and management of Bank of America and our ability to make distributions to stockholders.

A financial holding company, and the companies under its control, are permitted to engage in activities considered “financial in nature” as defined by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and Federal Reserve Board interpretations (including, without limitation, insurance and securities activities), and therefore may engage in a broader range of activities than permitted for bank holding companies and their subsidiaries. A financial holding company may engage directly or indirectly in activities considered financial in nature, either de novo or by acquisition, provided the financial holding company gives the Federal Reserve Board after-the-fact notice of the new activities. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act also permits national banks, such as the Banks, to engage in activities considered financial in

nature through a financial subsidiary, subject to certain conditions and limitations and with the approval of the OCC.

Bank holding companies (including bank holding companies that also are financial holding companies) also are required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board before acquiring more than five percent of any class of voting stock of any non-affiliated bank. Pursuant to the Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (the “Interstate Banking and Branching Act”), a bank holding company may acquire banks located in states other than its home state without regard to the permissibility of such acquisitions under state law, but subject to any state requirement that the bank has been organized and operating for a minimum period of time, not to exceed five years, and the requirement that the bank holding company, after the proposed acquisition, controls no more than 10 percent of the total amount of deposits of insured depository institutions in the United States and no more than 30 percent or such lesser or greater amount set by state law of such deposits in that state. Subject to certain restrictions, the Interstate Banking and Branching Act also authorizes banks to merge across state lines to create interstate banks. The Interstate Banking and Branching Act also permits a bank to open new branches in a state in which it does not already have banking operations if such state enacts a law permitting de novo branching.

Changes in Regulations

Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the banking industry are frequently introduced in Congress, in the state legislatures and before the various bank regulatory agencies. The likelihood and timing of any proposals or legislation and the impact they might have on Bank of America and our subsidiaries cannot be determined at this time.

Capital and Operational Requirements

The Federal Reserve Board, the OCC and the FDIC have issued substantially similar risk-based and leverage capital guidelines applicable to United States banking organizations. In addition, these regulatory agencies may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum levels, whether because of its financial condition or actual or anticipated growth. The Federal Reserve Board risk-based guidelines define a three-tier capital framework. Tier 1 capital includes common shareholders’ equity, trust securities, minority interests and qualifying preferred stock, less goodwill and other adjustments. Tier 2 capital consists of preferred stock not qualifying as Tier 1 capital, mandatory convertible debt, limited amounts of subordinated debt, other qualifying term debt, the allowance for credit losses up to 1.25 percent of risk-weighted assets and other adjustments. Tier 3 capital includes subordinated debt that is unsecured, fully paid, has an original maturity of at least two years, is not redeemable before maturity without prior approval by the Federal Reserve Board and includes a lock-in clause precluding payment of either interest or principal if the payment would cause the issuing bank’s risk-based capital ratio to fall or remain below the required minimum. The sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital less investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries represents our qualifying total capital. Risk-based capital ratios are calculated by dividing Tier 1 and total capital by risk-weighted assets. Assets and off-balance sheet exposures are assigned to one of four categories of risk-weights, based primarily on relative credit risk. The minimum Tier 1 capital ratio is four percent and the minimum total capital ratio is eight percent. Our Tier 1 and total risk-based capital ratios under these guidelines at December 31, 2007 were 6.87 percent and 11.02 percent. At December 31, 2007, we had no subordinated debt that qualified as Tier 3 capital.


 

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The leverage ratio is determined by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted quarterly average total assets, after certain adjustments. Well-capitalized bank holding companies must have a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of three percent and are not subject to an FRB directive to maintain higher capital levels. Our leverage ratio at December 31, 2007 was 5.04 percent, which exceeded our leverage ratio requirement.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”), among other things, identifies five capital categories for insured depository institutions (well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized) and requires the respective federal regulatory agencies to implement systems for “prompt corrective action” for insured depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements within such categories. FDICIA imposes progressively more restrictive constraints on operations, management and capital distributions, depending on the category in which an institution is classified. Failure to meet the capital guidelines could also subject a banking institution to capital raising requirements. An “undercapitalized” bank must develop a capital restoration plan and its parent holding company must guarantee that bank’s compliance with the plan. The liability of the parent holding company under any such guarantee is limited to the lesser of five percent of the bank’s assets at the time it became “undercapitalized” or the amount needed to comply with the plan. Furthermore, in the event of the bankruptcy of the parent holding company, such guarantee would take priority over the parent’s general unsecured creditors. In addition, FDICIA requires the various regulatory agencies to prescribe certain non-capital standards for safety and soundness relating generally to operations and management, asset quality and executive compensation and permits regulatory action against a financial institution that does not meet such standards.

The various regulatory agencies have adopted substantially similar regulations that define the five capital categories identified by FDICIA, using the total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital and leverage capital ratios as the relevant capital measures. Such regulations establish various degrees of corrective action to be taken when an institution is considered undercapitalized. Under the regulations, a “well capitalized” institution must have a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least six percent, a total risk-based capital ratio of at least ten percent and a leverage ratio of at least five percent and not be subject to a capital directive order. Under these guidelines, each of the Banks was considered well capitalized as of December 31, 2007.

Regulators also must take into consideration: (a) concentrations of credit risk; (b) interest rate risk; and (c) risks from non-traditional activities, as well as an institution’s ability to manage those risks, when determining the adequacy of an institution’s capital. This evaluation will be made as a part of the institution’s regular safety and soundness examination. In addition, Bank of America, and any Bank with significant trading activity, must incorporate a measure for market risk in their regulatory capital calculations.

Distributions

Our funds for cash distributions to our stockholders are derived from a variety of sources, including cash and temporary investments. The primary source of such funds, and funds used to pay principal and interest on our indebtedness, is dividends received from the Banks. Each of the Banks is subject to various regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital above regulatory minimums. The appropriate federal regulatory authority is

authorized to determine under certain circumstances relating to the financial condition of a bank or bank holding company that the payment of dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice and to prohibit payment thereof.

In addition, the ability of Bank of America and the Banks to pay dividends may be affected by the various minimum capital requirements and the capital and non-capital standards established under FDICIA, as described above. The right of Bank of America, our stockholders and our creditors to participate in any distribution of the assets or earnings of its subsidiaries is further subject to the prior claims of creditors of the respective subsidiaries.

Source of Strength

According to Federal Reserve Board policy, bank holding companies are expected to act as a source of financial strength to each subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support each such subsidiary. This support may be required at times when a bank holding company may not be able to provide such support. Similarly, under the cross-guarantee provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, in the event of a loss suffered or anticipated by the FDIC–either as a result of default of a banking subsidiary or related to FDIC assistance provided to a subsidiary in danger of default–the other Banks may be assessed for the FDIC’s loss, subject to certain exceptions.

Additional Information

See also the following additional information which is incorporated herein by reference: Net Interest Income (under the captions “Financial Highlights – Net Interest Income” and “Supplemental Financial Data” in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the “MD&A”) and Tables I, II and XIII of the Statistical Tables); Securities (under the caption “Balance Sheet Analysis – Debt Securities” and “Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities – Securities” in the MD&A and Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 5 – Securities of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplemental Data (the “Notes”)); Outstanding Loans and Leases (under the caption “Balance Sheet Analysis – Loans and Leases; Net of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” and “Credit Risk Management” in the MD&A, Table III of the Statistical Tables, and Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases of the Notes); Deposits (under the caption “Balance Sheet Analysis – Deposits” and “Liquidity Risk and Capital Management – Liquidity Risk” in the MD&A and Note 11 – Deposits of the Notes); Short-Term Borrowings (under the caption “Balance Sheet Analysis – Commercial Paper and other Short-term Borrowings” and “Liquidity Risk and Capital Management – Liquidity Risk” in the MD&A, Table IX of the Statistical Tables and Note 12 – Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt of the Notes); Trading Account Assets and Liabilities (under the caption “Balance Sheet Analysis – Trading Account Assets”, “Balance Sheet Analysis – Trading Account Liabilities” and “Market Risk Management – Trading Risk Management” in the MD&A and Note 3 – Trading Account Assets and Liabilities of the Notes); Market Risk Management (under the caption “Market Risk Management” in the MD&A); Liquidity Risk Management (under the caption “Liquidity Risk and Capital Management” in the MD&A); Operational Risk Management (under the caption “Operational Risk Management” in the MD&A); and Performance by Geographic Area (under Note 24 – Performance by Geographical Area of the Notes).


 

Bank of America 2007   3


Table of Contents

 

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The following discusses some of the key risk factors that could affect Bank of America’s business and operations. Other factors besides those discussed below or elsewhere in this report also could adversely affect our business and operations, and these risk factors should not be considered a complete list of potential risks that may affect Bank of America.

Business, economic and political conditions. Our businesses and earnings are affected by general business, economic and political conditions in the United States and abroad. Given the concentration of our business activities in the United States, we are particularly exposed to downturns in the United States economy. For example, in a poor economic environment there is a greater likelihood that more of our customers or counterparties could become delinquent on their loans or other obligations to us, which, in turn, could result in a higher level of charge-offs and provision for credit losses, all of which would adversely affect our earnings. General business and economic conditions that could affect us include the level and volatility of short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, liquidity of the global financial markets, the availability and cost of credit, investor confidence, and the strength of the United States economy and the local economies in which we operate. Geopolitical conditions can also affect our earnings. Acts or threats of terrorism, actions taken by the United States or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, could affect business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad.

In the second half of 2007, certain credit markets experienced difficult conditions and volatility. These conditions resulted in less liquidity, greater volatility, widening of credit spreads and a lack of price transparency. The Corporation’s Global Corporate and Investment Banking business operates in these markets, either directly or indirectly, through exposures in securities, loans, derivatives and other commitments. While it is difficult to predict how long these conditions will exist and which markets, products or other businesses of the Corporation will ultimately be affected, these factors could continue to adversely impact the Corporation’s results of operations.

Access to funds from subsidiaries. The Corporation is a separate and distinct legal entity from our banking and nonbanking subsidiaries. We therefore depend on dividends, distributions and other payments from our banking and nonbanking subsidiaries to fund dividend payments on the common stock and our preferred stock and to fund all payments on our other obligations, including debt obligations. Many of our subsidiaries are subject to laws that authorize regulatory bodies to block or reduce the flow of funds from those subsidiaries to the Corporation. Regulatory action of that kind could impede access to funds we need to make payments on our obligations or dividend payments. In addition, the Corporation’s right to participate in a distribution of assets upon a subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary’s creditors.

Changes in accounting standards. Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) changes the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be hard to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in the Corporation restating prior period financial statements.

Competition. We operate in a highly competitive environment that could experience intensified competition as continued merger activity in

the financial services industry produces larger, better-capitalized companies that are capable of offering a wider array of financial products and services at more competitive prices. In addition, technological advances and the growth of e-commerce have made it possible for non-depository institutions to offer products and services that traditionally were banking products, and for financial institutions to compete with technology companies in providing electronic and Internet-based financial solutions. Many of our competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and some have lower cost structures than we do. Increased competition may affect our results by creating pressure to lower prices on our products and services and reducing market share.

Credit risk. When we loan money, commit to loan money or enter into a letter of credit or other contract with a counterparty, we incur credit risk, or the risk of losses if our borrowers do not repay their loans or our counterparties fail to perform according to the terms of their contracts. A number of our products expose us to credit risk, including loans, leases and lending commitments, derivatives, trading account assets and assets held-for-sale. As one of the nation’s largest lenders, the credit quality of our portfolio can have a significant impact on our earnings. We estimate and establish reserves for credit risks and potential credit losses inherent in our credit exposure (including unfunded credit commitments). This process, which is critical to our financial results and condition, requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments, including forecasts of economic conditions and how these economic predictions might impair the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans. As is the case with any such assessments, there is always the chance that we will fail to identify the proper factors or that we will fail to accurately estimate the impacts of factors that we identify.

For a further discussion of credit risk and our credit risk management policies and procedures, see “Credit Risk Management” in the MD&A.

Governmental fiscal and monetary policy. Our businesses and earnings are affected by domestic and international monetary policy. For example, the Federal Reserve Board regulates the supply of money and credit in the United States and its policies determine in large part our cost of funds for lending, investing and capital raising activities and the return we earn on those loans and investments, both of which affect our net interest margin. The actions of the Federal Reserve Board also can materially affect the value of financial instruments we hold, such as debt securities and mortgage servicing rights and its policies also can affect our borrowers, potentially increasing the risk that they may fail to repay their loans. Our businesses and earnings also are affected by the fiscal or other policies that are adopted by various regulatory authorities of the United States, non-U.S. governments and international agencies. Changes in domestic and international monetary policy are beyond our control and hard to predict.

Liquidity risk. Liquidity is essential to our businesses. Our liquidity could be impaired by an inability to access the capital markets or by unforeseen outflows of cash. This situation may arise due to circumstances that we may be unable to control, such as a general market disruption or an operational problem that affects third parties or us. Our credit ratings are important to our liquidity. A reduction in our credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity and competitive position, increase our borrowing costs, limit our access to the capital markets or trigger unfavorable contractual obligations.

For a further discussion of our liquidity position and the policies and procedures we use to manage our liquidity risks, see “Liquidity Risk and Capital Management” in the MD&A.

Litigation risks. We face significant legal risks in our businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed


 

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in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions remain high. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against Bank of America could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to Bank of America, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects.

For a further discussion of litigation risks, see “Litigation and Regulatory Matters” in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes.

Market risk. We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. For example, changes in interest rates could adversely affect our net interest margin – the difference between the yield we earn on our assets and the interest rate we pay for deposits and other sources of funding – which could in turn affect our net interest income and earnings. Market risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations and activities including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, trading account assets and liabilities, and derivatives. Just a few of the market conditions that may shift from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates, equity and futures prices, changes in the implied volatility of interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity and futures prices, and price deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual credit quality of either the issuer or its country of origin. Accordingly, depending on the instruments or activities impacted, market risks can have wide ranging, complex adverse effects on our results from operations and our overall financial condition.

For a further discussion of market risk and our market risk management policies and procedures, see “Market Risk Management” in the MD&A.

Merger risks. There are significant risks and uncertainties associated with mergers. For example, we may fail to realize the growth opportunities and cost savings anticipated to be derived from the merger. In addition, it is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, or that the disruption of ongoing business from the merger could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with clients or suppliers. We have an active acquisition program and there is a risk that integration difficulties may cause us not to realize expected benefits from the transactions and affect our results. We will be subject to similar risks and difficulties in connection with future acquisitions, as well as decisions to downsize, sell or close units or otherwise change the business mix of the Corporation.

Non-U.S. operations; trading in non-U.S. securities. We do business throughout the world, including in developing regions of the world commonly known as emerging markets. Our businesses and revenues derived from non-U.S. operations are subject to risk of loss from currency fluctuations, social instability, changes in governmental policies or policies of central banks, expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets, unfavorable political and diplomatic developments and changes in legislation relating to non-U.S. ownership. We also invest in the securities of corporations located in non-U.S. jurisdictions, including emerging markets. Revenues from the trading of non-U.S. securities also may be subject to negative fluctuations as a result of the above factors. The impact of these fluctuations could be magnified, because generally non-U.S. trading markets, particularly in emerging market countries, are smaller, less liquid and more volatile than U.S. trading markets.

Operational risks. The potential for operational risk exposure exists throughout our organization. Integral to our performance is the continued efficacy of our technical systems, operational infrastructure, relationships

with third parties and the vast array of associates and key executives in our day-to-day and ongoing operations. Failure by any or all of these resources subjects us to risks that may vary in size, scale and scope. This includes but is not limited to operational or technical failures, unlawful tampering with our technical systems, terrorist activities, ineffectiveness or exposure due to interruption in third party support, as well as the loss of key individuals or failure on the part of the key individuals to perform properly.

For further discussion of operating risks, see “Operational Risk Management” in the MD&A.

Products and services. Our business model is based on a diversified mix of businesses that provides a broad range of financial products and services, delivered through multiple distribution channels. Our success depends, in part, on our ability to adapt our products and services to evolving industry standards. There is increasing pressure by competition to provide products and services at lower prices. This can reduce our net interest margin and revenues from our fee-based products and services. In addition, the widespread adoption of new technologies, including internet services, could require us to incur substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our existing products and services. We might not be successful in developing and introducing new products and services, responding or adapting to changes in consumer spending and saving habits, achieving market acceptance of our products and services, or developing and maintaining loyal customers.

Regulatory considerations. Bank of America, the Banks and many of our nonbank subsidiaries are heavily regulated by bank regulatory agencies at the federal and state levels. This regulatory oversight is established to protect depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, not security holders. Bank of America and its nonbanking subsidiaries are also heavily regulated by securities regulators, domestically and internationally. This regulation is designed to protect investors in securities we sell or underwrite. Congress and state legislatures and foreign, federal and state regulatory agencies continually review laws, regulations and policies for possible changes. Changes to statutes, regulations or regulatory policies, including interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations or policies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways including limiting the types of financial services and products we may offer and increasing the ability of nonbanks to offer competing financial services and products.

Reputational risks. Our ability to attract and retain customers and employees could be adversely affected to the extent our reputation is damaged. Our actual or perceived failure to address various issues could give rise to reputational risk that could cause harm to Bank of America and our business prospects. These issues include, but are not limited to, appropriately addressing potential conflicts of interest; legal and regulatory requirements; ethical issues; money-laundering; privacy; properly maintaining customer and associate personal information; record keeping; sales and trading practices; and the proper identification of the legal, reputational, credit, liquidity and market risks inherent in our products. Failure to appropriately address these issues could also give rise to additional legal risks, which, in turn, could increase the size and number of litigation claims and damages asserted or subject us to enforcement actions, fines and penalties and cause us to incur related costs and expenses.

Risk management processes and strategies. We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a variety of separate but complementary financial, credit, operational, compliance and legal reporting systems. While we employ a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and risk mitigation techniques, those techniques and the judgments that accompany their application cannot anticipate every economic and finan-


 

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cial outcome or the specifics and timing of such outcomes. Accordingly, our ability to successfully identify and manage risks facing us is an important factor that can significantly impact our results. For a further discussion of our risk management policies and procedures, see “Managing Risk” in the MD&A.

Additional risks and uncertainties. We are a diversified financial services company. In addition to banking, we provide investment, mortgage, investment banking, credit card and consumer finance services. Although we believe our diversity helps lessen the effect when downturns affect any one segment of our industry, it also means our earnings could be subject to different risks and uncertainties than the ones discussed herein. If any of the risks that we face actually occur, irrespective of whether those risks are described in this section or elsewhere in this report, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

There are no unresolved written comments that were received from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s staff 180 days or more before the end of Bank of America’s fiscal year relating to our periodic or current reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Item 2.  Properties

As of December 31, 2007, Bank of America’s principal offices and primarily all of our business segments were located in the 60-story Bank of America Corporate Center in Charlotte, North Carolina, which is owned by one of our subsidiaries. We occupy approximately 592,000 square feet and lease approximately 609,000 square feet to third parties at market rates, which represents substantially all of the space in this facility. We occupy approximately 932,000 square feet of space at 100 Federal Street in Boston, Massachusetts, which is the headquarters for one of our primary business segments, Global Wealth and Investment Management. The 37-story building is owned by one of our subsidiaries which also leases approximately 321,000 square feet to third parties. We also lease or own a significant amount of space worldwide. As of December 31, 2007, Bank of America and our subsidiaries owned or leased approximately 25,200 locations in 41 states, the District of Columbia and more than 30 foreign countries.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

See “Litigation and Regulatory Matters” in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes beginning on page 122 for Bank of America’s litigation disclosure which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4.  Submission of Matters To A Vote of Security Holders

There were no matters submitted to a vote of stockholders during the quarter ended December 31, 2007.

Item 4A.  Executive Officers of The Registrant

Pursuant to the Instructions to Form 10-K and Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K, the name, age and position of each current executive officer of Bank of America are listed below along with such officer’s business experience. Officers are appointed annually by the Board of Directors at the meeting of directors immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders.

Keith T. Banks, 52, President, Global Wealth and Investment Management. Mr. Banks was named to his present position in October 2007. From August 2000 to April 2004, he served as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of FleetBoston Financial Corporation’s asset management organization; and from April 2004 to October 2007, he

served as President and Chief Investment Officer of Columbia Management, Bank of America’s asset management organization. He first became an officer in 1981. He also serves as President, Global Wealth and Investment Management and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.

Amy Woods Brinkley, age 52, Chief Risk Officer. Ms. Brinkley was named to her present position in April 2002. From July 2001 to April 2002, she served as Chairman, Credit Policy and Deputy Corporate Risk Management Executive; and from August 1999 to July 2001, she served as President, Consumer Products. She first became an officer in 1979. She also serves as Chief Risk Officer and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.

Barbara J. Desoer, age 55, Global Technology and Operations Executive. Ms. Desoer was named to her present position in August 2004. From July 2001 to August 2004, she served as President, Consumer Products; and from September 1999 to July 2001, she served as Director of Marketing. She first became an officer in 1977. She also serves as Global Technology and Operations Executive and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.

Kenneth D. Lewis, age 60, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President. Mr. Lewis was named Chief Executive Officer in April 2001, President in July 2004 and Chairman in February 2005. From April 2001 to April 2004, he served as Chairman; from January 1999 to April 2004, he served as President; and from October 1999 to April 2001, he served as Chief Operating Officer. He first became an officer in 1971. Mr. Lewis also serves as a director of the Corporation and as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.

Liam E. McGee, age 53, President, Global Consumer and Small Business Banking. Mr. McGee was named to his present position in August 2004. From August 2001 to August 2004, he served as President, Global Consumer Banking; from August 2000 to August 2001, he served as President, Bank of America California; and from August 1998 to August 2000, he served as President, Southern California Region. He first became an officer in 1990. He also serves as President, Global Consumer and Small Business Banking and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.

Brian T. Moynihan, age 48, President, Global Corporate and Investment Banking. Mr. Moynihan was named to his present position in October 2007. From April 2004 to October 2007, he served as President, Global Wealth and Investment Management. Previously he held the following positions at FleetBoston Financial Corporation: from 1999 to April 2004, he served as Executive Vice President with responsibility for Brokerage and Wealth Management from 2000, and Regional Commercial Financial Services and Investment Management from May 2003. He first became an officer in 1993. He also serves as President, Global Corporate and Investment Banking and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.

Joe L. Price, age 47, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Price was named to his present position in January 2007. From June 2003 to December 2006, he served as GCIB Risk Management Executive; from July 2002 to May 2003 he served as Senior Vice President Corporate Strategy and President, Consumer Special Assets; from November 1999 to July 2002 he


 

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served as President, Consumer Finance; from August 1997 to October 1999 he served as Corporate Risk Evaluation Executive and General Auditor; from June 1995 to July 1997 he served as Controller; and from April 1993 to May 1995 he served as Accounting Policy and Finance Executive.

He first became an officer in 1993. He also serves as Chief Financial Officer and a director of Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., LaSalle Bank, N.A., LaSalle Bank Midwest, N.A. and United States Trust Company, N.A.


 

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Part II

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stock Holder Matters

The principal market on which the Common Stock is traded is the New York Stock Exchange. The Common Stock is also listed on the London Stock Exchange, and certain shares are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange for the periods indicated:

 

     Quarter      High      Low

2006

 

first

     $ 47.08      43.09
 

second

       50.47      45.48
 

third

       53.57      47.98
 

fourth

       54.90      51.66

2007

 

first

         54.05      49.46
 

second

         51.82      48.80
 

third

         51.87      47.00
 

fourth

         52.71      41.10

 

As of February 20, 2008, there were 263,761 registered shareholders of Common Stock. During 2006 and 2007, Bank of America paid dividends on the Common Stock on a quarterly basis. The following table sets forth dividends paid per share of Common Stock for the periods indicated:

 

     Quarter      Dividend

2006

 

first

     $ .50
 

second

       .50
 

third

       .56
 

fourth

       .56

2007

 

first

         .56
 

second

         .56
 

third

         .64
 

fourth

         .64

For additional information regarding the Corporation’s ability to pay dividends, see the discussion under the heading “Government Supervision and Regulation – Distributions” in this report and Note 15 – Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions of the Notes on page 127 which is incorporated herein by reference.

For information on the Corporation’s equity compensation plans, see Item 12 on page 153 of this report and Note 17 – Stock-Based Compensation Plans of the Notes on page 133, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.


 

The table below presents share repurchase activity for each quarterly period in 2007, each month within the fourth quarter of 2007 and the year ended December 31, 2007, including total common shares repurchased under announced programs, weighted average per share price and the remaining buy back authority under announced programs. For additional information on shareholders’ equity and earnings per common share, see Note 14 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share of the Notes on page 125 which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands)   

Common Shares

Repurchased (1)

   Weighted Average
Per Share Price
     Remaining Buyback Authority (2)
               Amounts              Shares    

Three months ended March 31, 2007

   48,000    $ 52.23      $ 16,366      215,088

Three months ended June 30, 2007

   13,450      50.91        15,681      201,638

Three months ended September 30, 2007

   9,580      49.47        13,605      192,058

October 1-31, 2007

   1,000      47.35        13,558      191,058

November 1-30, 2007

   1,700      45.98        13,480      189,358

December 1-31, 2007

               13,480      189,358

Three months ended December 31, 2007

   2,700      46.49                

Year ended December 31, 2007

   73,730      51.42                

 

(1)

Reduced shareholders’ equity by $3.8 billion and increased diluted earnings per common share by approximately $0.02 in 2007. These repurchases were partially offset by the issuance of approximately 53.5 million shares of common stock under employee plans, which increased shareholders’ equity by $2.5 billion, net of $10 million of deferred compensation related to restricted stock awards, and decreased diluted earnings per common share by approximately $0.01 in 2007.

(2)

On January 24, 2007, the Board of Directors (the Board) authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 200 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $14.0 billion and is limited to a period of 12 to 18 months. On April 26, 2006, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 200 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $12.0 billion and to be completed within a period of 12 to 18 months. This repurchase plan was completed during the third quarter of 2007.

 

The Corporation did not have any unregistered sales of its equity securities in fiscal year 2007.

 

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

See Table 5 in the MD&A on page 16 and Table XII of the Statistical Tables on page 82 which are incorporated herein by reference.


 

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Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

Table of Contents   Page

Recent Events

  10

Merger Overview

  11

2007 Economic Overview

  11

Performance Overview

  12

Financial Highlights

  12

Balance Sheet Analysis

  14

Supplemental Financial Data

  17

Business Segment Operations

  19

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

  21

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

  25

Global Wealth and Investment Management

  31

All Other

  34

Off- and On-Balance Sheet Arrangements

  35

Obligations and Commitments

  38

Managing Risk

  40

Strategic Risk Management

  41

Liquidity Risk and Capital Management

  41

Credit Risk Management

  44

Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management

  45

Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management

  49

Foreign Portfolio

  56

Provision for Credit Losses

  58

Allowance for Credit Losses

  58

Market Risk Management

  61

Trading Risk Management

  62

Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities

  65

Mortgage Banking Risk Management

  68

Operational Risk Management

  68

Recent Accounting and Reporting Developments

  68

Complex Accounting Estimates

  68

2006 Compared to 2005

  71

Overview

  71

Business Segment Operations

  72

Statistical Tables

  73

Glossary

  85

Throughout the MD&A, we use certain acronyms and

abbreviations which are defined in the Glossary beginning on page 85.

 

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

This report contains certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, our forward-looking statements. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could” are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Readers of the Annual Report of Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Corporation) should not rely solely on the forward-looking statements and should consider all uncertainties and risks throughout this report as well as those discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” The statements are representative only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement.

Possible events or factors that could cause results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include the following: changes in general economic conditions and economic conditions in the geographic regions and industries in which the Corporation operates which may affect, among other things, the level of nonperforming assets, charge-offs and provision expense; changes in the interest rate environment and market liquidity which may reduce interest margins, impact funding sources and affect the ability to originate and distribute financial products in the primary and secondary markets; changes in foreign exchange rates; adverse movements and volatility in debt and equity capital markets; changes in market rates and prices which may adversely impact the value of financial products including securities, loans, deposits, debt and derivative financial instruments, and other similar financial instruments; political conditions and related actions by the United States abroad which may adversely affect the Corporation’s businesses and economic conditions as a whole; liabilities resulting from litigation and regulatory investigations, including costs, expenses, settlements and judgments; changes in domestic or foreign tax laws, rules and regulations as well as court, Internal Revenue Service or other governmental agencies’ interpretations thereof; various monetary and fiscal policies and regulations, including those determined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, state regulators and the Financial Services Authority; changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations; competition with other local, regional and international banks, thrifts, credit unions and other nonbank financial institutions; ability to grow core businesses; ability to develop and introduce new banking-related products, services and enhancements, and gain market acceptance of such products; mergers and acquisitions and their integration into the Corporation; decisions to downsize, sell or close units or otherwise change the business mix of the Corporation; and management’s ability to manage these and other risks.

The Corporation, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, operates in 32 states, the District of Columbia and more than 30 foreign countries. The Corporation provides a diversified range of banking and

nonbanking financial services and products domestically and internationally through three business segments: Global Consumer and Small Business Banking (GCSBB), Global Corporate and Investment Banking (GCIB), and Global Wealth and Investment Management (GWIM).

At December 31, 2007, the Corporation had $1.7 trillion in assets and approximately 210,000 full-time equivalent employees. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in the MD&A are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Recent Events

2007 Market Dislocation

During the second half of 2007, extreme dislocations emerged in the financial markets, including the leveraged finance, subprime mortgage, and commercial paper markets. These dislocations were further compounded by the decoupling of typical correlations in the various markets in which we do business. Furthermore, in the fourth quarter of 2007, the credit ratings of certain structured securities (e.g., CDOs) were downgraded which among other things triggered further widening of credit spreads for these types of securities. We have been an active participant in the CDO market and maintain ongoing exposure to these securities and have incurred losses associated with these exposures. For more information regarding Capital Markets and Advisory Services (CMAS) results including CDOs, leveraged finance and related ongoing exposure, see the CMAS discussion beginning on page 27.

In addition, the market dislocation impacted the credit ratings of structured investment vehicles (SIVs) in the market place. GWIM manages certain cash funds which have invested in SIV transactions. We have entered into capital commitments to support these funds and have incurred losses associated with these commitments including losses on certain securities purchased earlier from these funds at fair value. For more information on our cash fund support, see the GWIM discussion beginning on page 31.

In 2008, we continue to have exposure to those items noted above, and depending upon market conditions, we may experience additional losses.

Current Business Environment

The financial conditions mentioned above continue to negatively affect the economy and the financial services sector in 2008. The slowdown of the economy, significant decline in consumer real estate prices, and the continued and rapid deterioration in the housing sector have affected our home equity portfolio and will, in all likelihood, impact other areas of our consumer portfolio. We expect that certain industry sectors, in particular those that are dependent on the housing sector, and certain geographic regions will experience further stress. For more information on the impact of the current business environment on credit, see the Credit Risk Management discussion beginning on page 44.

The subprime mortgage dislocation has also impacted the ratings of certain monoline insurance providers (monolines) which has affected the


 

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pricing of certain municipal securities and the liquidity of the short term public finance markets. We have direct and indirect exposure to monolines and as a result are continuing to monitor this exposure as the markets evolve. For more information related to our monoline exposure, see the Industry Concentrations discussion on page 54.

The above conditions together with uncertainty in energy costs and the overall economic slowdown, which may ultimately lead to recessionary conditions, will affect other markets in which we do business and will adversely impact our results in 2008. The degree of the impact is dependent upon the duration and severity of the aforementioned conditions in this rapidly changing business and interest rate environment. For more information on interest rate sensitivity, see the Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities discussion on page 65.

Other Recent Events

In January 2008, we announced changes in our CMAS business within GCIB which better align the strategy of this business with GCIB’s broader integrated platform. We will continue to provide corporate, commercial and sponsored clients with debt and equity capital raising services, strategic advice, and a full range of corporate banking capabilities. However, we will reduce activities in certain structured products (e.g., CDOs) and will resize the international platform to emphasize debt, cash management, and selected trading services, including rates and foreign exchange. This realignment will result in the reduction of 650 front office personnel with additional infrastructure headcount reduction to follow. We also plan to sell our equity prime brokerage business. This is in addition to our announcement in October 2007 to eliminate approximately 3,000 positions within various businesses, which includes reductions in GCIB as part of our GCIB business strategic review to enhance the operating platform, reductions in the wholesale mortgage-related business included in GCSBB and reductions in other related infrastructure positions.

In August of 2007, we made a $2.0 billion investment in Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide), the largest mortgage lender in the U.S., in the form of Series B non-voting convertible preferred securities yielding 7.25 percent. In January 2008, we announced a definitive agreement to purchase all outstanding shares of Countrywide for approximately $4.0 billion in common stock. The acquisition would make us the nation’s leading mortgage lender and loan servicer. The closing of this transaction is subject to closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close early in the third quarter of 2008.

In January 2008, the Board of Directors (the Board) declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.64 per share, payable on March 28, 2008 to common shareholders of record on March 7, 2008. In October 2007, the Board declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.64 per share which was paid on December 28, 2007 to common shareholders of record on December 7, 2007. In July 2007, the Board increased the quarterly cash dividend on common stock 14 percent from $0.56 to $0.64 per share.

In January 2008, we issued 240 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.00 percent through January 29, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 363 basis points (bps) thereafter. In addition, we issued 6.9 million shares of Bank of America Corporation 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.9 billion. In November and December of 2007, we issued 41 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation 7.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J with a par value of $0.01 per share for $1.0 billion. In September 2007, we issued 22 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation 6.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I with a par value of $0.01 per share for $550 million.

In December 2007, we completed the sale of Marsico Capital Management, LLC (Marsico), a 100 percent owned investment manager, to Thomas F. Marsico, founder and chief executive officer of Marsico, and realized a pre-tax gain of approximately $1.5 billion.

Merger Overview

On October 1, 2007, we acquired all the outstanding shares of ABN AMRO North America Holding Company, parent of LaSalle Bank Corporation (LaSalle), for $21.0 billion in cash. With this acquisition, we significantly expanded our presence in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois and Michigan, by adding LaSalle’s commercial banking clients, retail customers and banking centers.

On July 1, 2007, we acquired all the outstanding shares of U.S. Trust Corporation for $3.3 billion in cash. U.S. Trust Corporation focuses exclusively on managing wealth for high net-worth and ultra high net-worth individuals and families. The acquisition significantly increases the size and capabilities of our wealth management business and positions it as one of the largest financial services companies managing private wealth in the U.S.

On January 1, 2006, we acquired 100 percent of the outstanding stock of MBNA Corporation (MBNA) for $34.6 billion. The acquisition expanded our customer base and opportunity to deepen customer relationships across the full breadth of the Corporation by delivering innovative deposit, lending and investment products and services to MBNA’s customer base. Additionally, the acquisition allowed us to significantly increase our affinity relationships through MBNA’s credit card operations and sell these credit cards through our delivery channels including the retail branch network.

For more information related to these mergers, see Note 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

2007 Economic Overview

In 2007, notwithstanding significant declines in housing, soaring oil prices and tremendous turmoil in financial markets, real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew 2.2 percent. Growth softened significantly in the fourth quarter. Consumer spending remained resilient, as increases in employment and wages offset the negative influences of declining home prices. Fueled by another year of strong exports and a slowdown in imports, the U.S. trade deficit fell sharply, lifting U.S. domestic production. However, declines in residential construction subtracted nearly a full percentage point from GDP growth, more than offsetting the boost provided by international trade. Corporate profits declined modestly in the second half of the year from all-time record highs. Global economies recorded their fourth consecutive year of rapid expansion, driven by sustained robust growth in China, India and other emerging market economies. Growth in Europe and Japan moderated in the second half of the year. Higher energy prices pushed up inflation throughout the year. However, excluding food and energy, core inflation receded in the second half of the year, in lagged response to the deceleration of nominal spending growth. A sharp rise in defaults on subprime mortgages and worries about the potential fallout from the faltering housing and subprime mortgage markets triggered financial market turbulence beginning in the summer. A dramatic repricing of credit risk and unprecedented capital losses stemming from sharp declines in the value of structured credit products based on subprime debt deepened the financial crisis. In response, the FRB eased short-term interest rates, reduced the discount rate relative to its federal funds rate target and in December created a new facility for auctioning short-term funds through the discount window of the Federal Reserve Banks. The fourth quarter ended on a weak note, as consumer spending moderated, businesses reduced production, employment slowed and the unemployment rate rose.


 

Bank of America 2007   11


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Performance Overview

Net income was $15.0 billion, or $3.30 per diluted common share in 2007, decreases of 29 percent and 28 percent from $21.1 billion, or $4.59 per diluted common share in 2006.

 

 

Table 1  Business Segment Total Revenue and Net Income

 

    Total Revenue (1)          Net Income
(Dollars in millions)   2007        2006           2007      2006

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking (2)

  $ 47,682        $ 44,926        $ 9,430      $ 11,378

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

    13,417          21,161          538        6,032

Global Wealth and Investment Management

    7,923          7,357          2,095        2,223

All Other (2)

    (954 )        360            2,919        1,500

Total FTE basis

    68,068          73,804          14,982        21,133

FTE adjustment

    (1,749 )        (1,224 )                

Total Consolidated

  $ 66,319        $ 72,580          $ 14,982      $ 21,133

(1)

Total revenue is net of interest expense, and is on a FTE basis for the business segments and All Other. For more information on a FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 17.

(2)

GCSBB is presented on a managed basis with a corresponding offset recorded in All Other.

 

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

Net income decreased $1.9 billion, or 17 percent, to $9.4 billion in 2007 compared to 2006. Managed net revenue rose $2.8 billion, or six percent, to $47.7 billion driven by increases in both noninterest and net interest income. Noninterest income increased $2.1 billion, or 13 percent, to $18.9 billion driven by higher card, service charge and mortgage banking income. Net interest income increased $612 million, or two percent, to $28.8 billion due to the impacts of organic growth and the LaSalle acquisition on average loans and leases, and deposits. These increases in revenues were more than offset by the increase in provision for credit losses of $4.4 billion, or 51 percent, to $12.9 billion. This increase reflects portfolio growth and seasoning, increases from the unusually low loss levels experienced in 2006 post bankruptcy reform, the impact of housing market weakness on the home equity portfolio, and growth and deterioration in the small business portfolio. Noninterest expense increased $1.7 billion, or nine percent, mainly due to increases in personnel and technology-related costs. For more information on GCSBB, see page 21.

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

Net income decreased $5.5 billion, or 91 percent, to $538 million, and total revenue decreased $7.7 billion, or 37 percent, to $13.4 billion in 2007 compared to 2006. These decreases were driven by $5.6 billion in losses resulting from our CDO exposure and other trading losses. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in net interest income, primarily market-based, of $1.3 billion, or 14 percent. The provision for credit losses increased $643 million driven by the absence of 2006 releases of reserves, higher net charge-offs and an increase in reserves during 2007 reflecting the impact of the weak housing market particularly on the homebuilder loan portfolio. Noninterest expense increased $347 million, or three percent, mainly due to an increase in expenses related to the addition of LaSalle partially offset by a reduction in CMAS performance-based incentive compensation. For more information on GCIB, see page 25.

Global Wealth and Investment Management

Net income decreased $128 million, or six percent, to $2.1 billion in 2007 compared to 2006 as an increase in noninterest expense was partially offset by an increase in total revenue. Total revenue grew $566 million, or eight percent, to $7.9 billion driven by higher noninterest income of $380 million. Noninterest income increased due to growth in investment and brokerage services income of $827 million. The increase was due to higher AUM primarily attributable to the impact of the U.S. Trust Corpo-

ration acquisition, net client inflows and favorable market conditions combined with an increase in brokerage activity. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in all other income of $447 million due to losses of $382 million associated with the support provided to certain cash funds. Noninterest expense increased $768 million driven by the addition of U.S. Trust Corporation, higher revenue-related expenses and marketing costs.

AUM increased $100.6 billion to $643.5 billion at December 31, 2007 compared to December 31, 2006 reflecting the acquisition of U.S. Trust Corporation, net inflows and market appreciation which was partially offset by the sale of Marsico. For more information on GWIM, see page 31.

All Other

Net income increased $1.4 billion to $2.9 billion in 2007 compared to 2006. Excluding the securitization offset, total revenue increased $283 million resulting from an increase in noninterest income of $1.6 billion partially offset by a decrease in net interest income of $1.3 billion. The increase in noninterest income was driven by the $1.5 billion gain from the sale of Marsico and an increase of $873 million in equity investment income, partially offset by losses of $394 million on securities after they were purchased from certain cash funds managed within GWIM at fair value. In addition, net interest income, noninterest income and noninterest expense decreased due to certain international operations that were sold in late 2006 and the beginning of 2007. Merger and restructuring charges decreased $395 million. For more information on All Other, see page 34.

Financial Highlights

Net Interest Income

Net interest income on a FTE basis increased $367 million to $36.2 billion for 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was driven by the contribution from market-based net interest income related to our CMAS business, higher levels of consumer and commercial loans, the impact of the LaSalle acquisition, and a one-time tax benefit from restructuring our existing non-U.S. based commercial aircraft leasing business. These increases were partially offset by spread compression, increased hedge costs and the impact of divestitures of certain foreign operations in late 2006 and the beginning of 2007. The net interest yield on a FTE basis decreased 22 bps to 2.60 percent for 2007 compared to 2006, and was driven by spread compression, and the impact of the funding of the LaSalle merger, partially offset by an improvement in market-based yield


 

12   Bank of America 2007


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related to our CMAS business. For more information on net interest income on a FTE basis, see Tables I and II beginning on page 73.

Noninterest Income

 

 

Table 2  Noninterest Income

(Dollars in millions)   2007        2006  

Card income

  $ 14,077        $ 14,290  

Service charges

    8,908          8,224  

Investment and brokerage services

    5,147          4,456  

Investment banking income

    2,345          2,317  

Equity investment income

    4,064          3,189  

Trading account profits (losses)

    (5,131 )        3,166  

Mortgage banking income

    902          541  

Gains (losses) on sales of debt securities

    180          (443 )

Other income

    1,394          2,249  

Total noninterest income

  $ 31,886        $ 37,989  

Noninterest income decreased $6.1 billion to $31.9 billion in 2007 compared to 2006.

·  

Card income on a held basis decreased $213 million primarily due to the impact of higher credit losses on excess servicing income resulting from seasoning in the securitized portfolio and increases from the unusually low loss levels experienced in 2006 post bankruptcy reform. This decrease was partially offset by increases in cash advance fees and debit card interchange income.

·  

Service charges grew $684 million resulting from new account growth in deposit accounts and the beneficial impact of the LaSalle merger.

·  

Investment and brokerage services increased $691 million due primarily to organic growth in AUM, brokerage activity and the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition.

·  

Equity investment income increased $875 million driven by the $600 million gain on the sale of private equity funds to Conversus Capital and the increase in income received on strategic investments.

·  

Trading account profits (losses) were $(5.1) billion in 2007 compared to $3.2 billion in 2006. The decrease in trading account profits (losses) was driven by losses of $4.9 billion, out of a total of $5.6 billion in losses, associated with CDO exposure and the impact of the market disruptions on various parts of our CMAS businesses in the second half of the year. For more information on the impact of these events refer to the GCIB discussion beginning on page 25.

·  

Mortgage banking income increased $361 million due to the favorable performance of the MSRs partially offset by the impact of widening credit spreads on income from mortgage production. Mortgage banking also benefited from the adoption of the fair value option.

·  

Gains (losses) on sales of debt securities were $180 million for 2007 compared to $(443) million for 2006. The losses in the prior year were largely a result of the sale of $43.7 billion of mortgage-backed debt securities in the third quarter of 2006.

·  

Other income decreased $855 million as the $1.5 billion gain from the sale of Marsico was more than offset by fourth quarter losses of $752 million, out of a total of $5.6 billion in losses associated with our CDO exposure, losses of $394 million on securities after they were purchased from certain cash funds at fair value, losses of $382 million associated with the support provided to certain cash funds managed within GWIM, and the absence of a $720 million gain on the sale of our Brazilian operations recognized in 2006.

 

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses increased $3.4 billion to $8.4 billion in 2007 compared to 2006 due to higher net charge-offs, reserve additions and the absence of 2006 commercial reserve releases. Higher net charge-offs of $1.9 billion were primarily driven by seasoning of the consumer portfolios, seasoning and deterioration in the small business and home equity portfolios as well as lower commercial recoveries. Reserves were increased in the home equity and homebuilder loan portfolios on continued weakness in the housing market. Reserves were also added for small business portfolio seasoning and deterioration as well as growth in the consumer portfolios. These increases were partially offset by reductions in reserves from the sale of the Argentina portfolio in the first quarter of 2007. For more information on credit quality, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 58.

Noninterest Expense

 

 

Table 3  Noninterest Expense

(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006

Personnel

  $ 18,753      $ 18,211

Occupancy

    3,038        2,826

Equipment

    1,391        1,329

Marketing

    2,356        2,336

Professional fees

    1,174        1,078

Amortization of intangibles

    1,676        1,755

Data processing

    1,962        1,732

Telecommunications

    1,013        945

Other general operating

    5,237        4,580

Merger and restructuring charges

    410        805

Total noninterest expense

  $ 37,010      $ 35,597

Noninterest expense increased $1.4 billion to $37.0 billion in 2007 compared to 2006, primarily due to increases in personnel expense and other general operating expense partially offset by a decrease in merger and restructuring charges. Personnel expense increased $542 million due to the acquisitions of LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation partially offset by a reduction in performance-based incentive compensation within GCIB. Other general operating expense increased by $657 million and was impacted by our acquisitions and various other items including litigation- related costs. Merger and restructuring charges decreased $395 million mainly due to the declining integration costs associated with the MBNA acquisition partially offset by costs associated with the integration of U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $5.9 billion in 2007 compared to $10.8 billion in 2006, resulting in an effective tax rate of 28.4 percent in 2007 and 33.9 percent in 2006. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to lower pre-tax income, a one-time tax benefit from restructuring our existing non-U.S. based commercial aircraft leasing business and an increase in the relative percentage of our earnings taxed solely outside of the U.S. In addition, the 2007 effective tax rate excludes the impact of a $175 million charge in 2006 resulting from a change in tax legislation. For more information on income tax expense, see Note 18 – Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


 

Bank of America 2007   13


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Balance Sheet Analysis

 

 

Table 4  Selected Balance Sheet Data

    December 31           Average Balance
(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006        2007      2006

Assets

                  

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

  $ 129,552      $ 135,478        $ 155,828      $ 175,334

Trading account assets

    162,064        153,052          187,287        145,321

Debt securities

    214,056        192,846          186,466        225,219

Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses

    864,756        697,474          766,329        643,259

All other assets

    345,318        280,887            306,163        277,548

Total assets

  $ 1,715,746      $ 1,459,737          $ 1,602,073      $ 1,466,681

Liabilities

                  

Deposits

  $ 805,177      $ 693,497        $ 717,182      $ 672,995

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    221,435        217,527          253,481        286,903

Trading account liabilities

    77,342        67,670          82,721        64,689

Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings

    191,089        141,300          171,333        124,229

Long-term debt

    197,508        146,000          169,855        130,124

All other liabilities

    76,392        58,471            70,839        57,278

Total liabilities

    1,568,943        1,324,465          1,465,411        1,336,218

Shareholders’ equity

    146,803        135,272            136,662        130,463

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

  $ 1,715,746      $ 1,459,737          $ 1,602,073      $ 1,466,681

 

At December 31, 2007, total assets were $1.7 trillion, an increase of $256.0 billion, or 18 percent, from December 31, 2006. Growth in period end total assets was due to an increase in loans and leases, AFS debt securities and all other assets. The increase in loans and leases was attributable to organic growth and the LaSalle merger. The increases in AFS debt securities and all other assets were driven by the LaSalle merger. The fair value of the assets acquired in the LaSalle merger was approximately $120 billion. All other assets also increased due to higher loans held-for-sale and the fair market value adjustment associated with our investment in China Construction Bank (CCB).

Average total assets in 2007 increased $135.4 billion, or nine percent, from 2006 primarily due to the increase in average loans and leases driven by the same factors as described above. Average trading account assets also increased during 2007 reflective of growth in the underlying business in the first half of 2007. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in AFS debt securities. The acquisition of LaSalle occurred in the fourth quarter of 2007 minimizing its impact on the average balance sheet.

At December 31, 2007, total liabilities were $1.6 trillion, an increase of $244.5 billion, or 18 percent, from December 31, 2006. Average total liabilities in 2007 increased $129.2 billion, or 10 percent, from 2006. The increase in period end and average total liabilities was attributable to increases in deposits and long-term debt, which were utilized to support the growth in overall assets. In addition, the increase in period end and average total liabilities was due to the funding of, and the assumption of liabilities associated with, the LaSalle merger. The fair value of the liabilities assumed in the LaSalle merger was approximately $100 billion.

Trading Account Assets

Trading account assets consist primarily of fixed income securities (including government and corporate debt), equity and convertible instruments. The average balance increased $42.0 billion to $187.3 billion in 2007, due to growth in client-driven market-making activities in interest rate, credit and equity products but was negatively impacted by the market disruptions in the second half of 2007. For additional information, see Market Risk Management beginning on page 61.

 

Debt Securities

AFS debt securities include fixed income securities such as mortgage-backed securities, foreign debt, ABS, municipal debt, U.S. Government agencies and corporate debt. We use the AFS portfolio primarily to manage interest rate risk and liquidity risk and to take advantage of market conditions that create more economically attractive returns on these investments. The average balance in the debt securities portfolio decreased $38.8 billion from 2006 due to the third quarter 2006 sale of $43.7 billion of mortgage-backed securities as well as maturities and paydowns. The period end balances were also impacted by the addition of LaSalle. For additional information on our AFS debt securities portfolio, see Market Risk Management – Securities on page 66 and Note 5 – Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loans and Leases, Net of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Average loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses, was $766.3 billion in 2007, an increase of 19 percent from 2006. The average consumer loan and lease portfolio increased $88.3 billion primarily due to higher retained mortgage production. The average commercial loan and lease portfolio increased $35.4 billion primarily due to organic growth. The average commercial and, to a lesser extent, consumer loans and leases increased due to the addition of loans acquired as a result of the LaSalle merger. For a more detailed discussion of the loan portfolio and the allowance for credit losses, see Credit Risk Management beginning on page 44, Note 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases and Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

All Other Assets

Period end all other assets increased $64.4 billion at December 31, 2007, an increase of 23 percent from December 31, 2006, driven primarily by an increase of $15.9 billion in loans held-for-sale and a pre-tax $13.4 billion fair value adjustment associated with our CCB investment. Additionally, the increase in all other assets was impacted by the LaSalle merger.


 

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Deposits

Average deposits increased $44.2 billion to $717.2 billion in 2007 compared to 2006 due to a $31.3 billion increase in average domestic interest-bearing deposits and a $16.6 billion increase in average foreign interest-bearing deposits. We categorize our deposits as core or market-based deposits. Core deposits are generally customer-based and represent a stable, low-cost funding source that usually reacts more slowly to interest rate changes than market-based deposits. Core deposits include savings, NOW and money market accounts, consumer CDs and IRAs, and noninterest-bearing deposits. Core deposits exclude negotiable CDs, public funds, other domestic time deposits and foreign interest-bearing deposits. Average core deposits increased $19.3 billion to $593.9 billion in 2007, a three percent increase from the prior year. The increase was attributable to growth in our average consumer CDs and IRAs due to a shift from noninterest-bearing and lower yielding deposits to our higher yielding CDs. Average market-based deposit funding increased $24.9 billion to $123.3 billion in 2007 compared to 2006 due to increases of $16.6 billion in foreign interest-bearing deposits and $8.4 billion in negotiable CDs, public funds and other time deposits related to funding of growth in core and market-based assets. The increase in deposits was also impacted by the assumption of deposits, primarily money market, consumer CDs, and other domestic time deposits associated with the LaSalle merger.

Trading Account Liabilities

Trading account liabilities consist primarily of short positions in fixed income securities (including government and corporate debt), equity and convertible instruments. The average balance increased $18.0 billion to

$82.7 billion in 2007, which was due to growth in client-driven market- making activities in equity products, partially offset by a reduction in usage targets for a variety of client activities.

Commercial Paper and Other Short-term Borrowings

Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings provide a funding source to supplement deposits in our ALM strategy. The average balance increased $47.1 billion to $171.3 billion in 2007, mainly due to increased commercial paper and Federal Home Loan Bank advances to fund core asset growth, primarily in the ALM portfolio and the funding of the LaSalle acquisition.

Long-term Debt

Average long-term debt increased $39.7 billion to $169.9 billion. The increase resulted from the funding of core asset growth, and the funding of, and assumption of liabilities associated with, the LaSalle merger. For additional information, see Note 12 – Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Shareholders’ Equity

Period end and average shareholders’ equity increased $11.5 billion and $6.2 billion due to net income, increased net gains in accumulated OCI, including an $8.4 billion, net-of-tax, fair value adjustment relating to our investment in CCB, common stock issued in connection with employee benefit plans, and preferred stock issued. These increases were partially offset by dividend payments, share repurchases and the adoption of certain new accounting standards.


 

Bank of America 2007   15


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Table 5  Five Year Summary of Selected Financial Data

 

(Dollars in millions, except per share information)   2007      2006      2005      2004      2003  

Income statement

             

Net interest income

  $ 34,433      $ 34,591      $ 30,737      $ 27,960      $ 20,505  

Noninterest income

    31,886        37,989        26,438        22,729        18,270  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    66,319        72,580        57,175        50,689        38,775  

Provision for credit losses

    8,385        5,010        4,014        2,769        2,839  

Noninterest expense, before merger and restructuring charges

    36,600        34,792        28,269        26,394        20,155  

Merger and restructuring charges

    410        805        412        618         

Income before income taxes

    20,924        31,973        24,480        20,908        15,781  

Income tax expense

    5,942        10,840        8,015        6,961        5,019  

Net income

    14,982        21,133        16,465        13,947        10,762  

Average common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands)

    4,423,579        4,526,637        4,008,688        3,758,507        2,973,407  

Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands)

    4,480,254        4,595,896        4,068,140        3,823,943        3,030,356  

Performance ratios

             

Return on average assets

    0.94 %      1.44 %      1.30 %      1.34 %      1.44 %

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

    11.08        16.27        16.51        16.47        21.50  

Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (1)

    22.25        32.80        30.19        28.93        27.84  

Total ending equity to total ending assets

    8.56        9.27        7.86        9.03        6.76  

Total average equity to total average assets

    8.53        8.90        7.86        8.12        6.69  

Dividend payout

    72.26        45.66        46.61        46.31        39.76  

Per common share data

             

Earnings

  $ 3.35      $ 4.66      $ 4.10      $ 3.71      $ 3.62  

Diluted earnings

    3.30        4.59        4.04        3.64        3.55  

Dividends paid

    2.40        2.12        1.90        1.70        1.44  

Book value

    32.09        29.70        25.32        24.70        16.86  

Market price per share of common stock

             

Closing

  $ 41.26      $ 53.39      $ 46.15      $ 46.99      $ 40.22  

High closing

    54.05        54.90        47.08        47.44        41.77  

Low closing

    41.10        43.09        41.57        38.96        32.82  

Market capitalization

  $ 183,107      $ 238,021      $ 184,586      $ 190,147      $ 115,926  

Average balance sheet

             

Total loans and leases

  $ 776,154      $ 652,417      $ 537,218      $ 472,617      $ 356,220  

Total assets

    1,602,073        1,466,681        1,269,892        1,044,631        749,104  

Total deposits

    717,182        672,995        632,432        551,559        406,233  

Long-term debt

    169,855        130,124        97,709        92,303        67,077  

Common shareholders’ equity

    133,555        129,773        99,590        84,584        50,035  

Total shareholders’ equity

    136,662        130,463        99,861        84,815        50,091  

Asset Quality

             

Allowance for credit losses (2)

  $ 12,106      $ 9,413      $ 8,440      $ 9,028      $ 6,579  

Nonperforming assets measured at historical cost

    5,948        1,856        1,603        2,455        3,021  

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and

leases outstanding measured at historical cost (3)

    1.33 %      1.28 %      1.40 %      1.65 %      1.66 %

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming

loans and leases measured at historical cost

    207        505        532        390        215  

Net charge-offs

  $ 6,480      $ 4,539      $ 4,562      $ 3,113      $ 3,106  

Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding

measured at historical cost (3)

    0.84 %      0.70 %      0.85 %      0.66 %      0.87 %

Nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases

outstanding measured at historical cost (3)

    0.64        0.25        0.26        0.42        0.77  

Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans, leases and foreclosed

properties (3)

    0.68        0.26        0.28        0.47        0.81  

Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at December 31 to net

charge-offs

    1.79        1.99        1.76        2.77        1.98  

Capital ratios (period end)

             

Risk-based capital:

             

Tier 1

    6.87 %      8.64 %      8.25 %      8.20 %      8.02 %

Total

    11.02        11.88        11.08        11.73        12.05  

Tier 1 Leverage

    5.04        6.36        5.91        5.89        5.86  

(1)

Tangible shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP measure. For additional information on ROTE and a corresponding reconciliation of tangible shareholders’ equity to a GAAP financial measure, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 17.

(2)

Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses, and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.

(3)

Ratios do not include loans measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 at and for the year ended December 31, 2007. Loans measured at fair value were $4.59 billion at December 31, 2007.

 

16   Bank of America 2007


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Supplemental Financial Data

Table 6 provides a reconciliation of the supplemental financial data mentioned below with financial measures defined by GAAP. Other companies may define or calculate supplemental financial data differently.

Operating Basis Presentation

In managing our business, we may at times look at performance excluding certain nonrecurring items. For example, as an alternative to net income, we view results on an operating basis, which represents net income excluding merger and restructuring charges. The operating basis of presentation is not defined by GAAP. We believe that the exclusion of merger and restructuring charges, which represent events outside our normal operations, provides a meaningful year-to-year comparison and is more reflective of normalized operations.

Net Interest Income – FTE Basis

In addition, we view net interest income and related ratios and analysis (i.e., efficiency ratio, net interest yield and operating leverage) on a FTE basis. Although this is a non-GAAP measure, we believe managing the business with net interest income on a FTE basis provides a more accurate picture of the interest margin for comparative purposes. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources.

 

Performance Measures

As mentioned above, certain performance measures including the efficiency ratio, net interest yield and operating leverage utilize net interest income (and thus total revenue) on a FTE basis. The efficiency ratio measures the costs expended to generate a dollar of revenue, and net interest yield evaluates how many basis points we are earning over the cost of funds. Operating leverage measures the total percentage revenue growth minus the total percentage expense growth for the corresponding period. During our annual integrated planning process, we set operating leverage and efficiency targets for the Corporation and each line of business. We believe the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity in assessing our results. Targets vary by year and by business, and are based on a variety of factors including maturity of the business, investment appetite, competitive environment, market factors, and other items (e.g., risk appetite). The aforementioned performance measures and ratios, return on average assets and dividend payout ratio, as well as those measures discussed more fully below, are presented in Table 6.

Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity and Return on Average Tangible Shareholders’ Equity

We also evaluate our business based upon ROE and ROTE measures. ROE and ROTE utilize non-GAAP allocation methodologies. ROE measures the earnings contribution of a unit as a percentage of the shareholders’ equity allocated to that unit. ROTE measures our earnings contribution as a percentage of shareholders’ equity reduced by goodwill. These measures are used to evaluate our use of equity (i.e., capital) at the individual unit level and are integral components in the analytics for resource allocation. In addition, profitability, relationship, and investment models all use ROE as key measures to support our overall growth goal.


 

Bank of America 2007   17


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Table 6   Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures

 

(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006      2005      2004      2003  

Operating basis

             

Operating earnings

  $ 15,240      $ 21,640      $ 16,740      $ 14,358      $ 10,762  

Return on average assets

    0.95 %      1.48 %      1.32 %      1.37 %      1.44 %

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

    11.27        16.66        16.79        16.96        21.50  

Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

    22.64        33.59        30.70        29.79        27.84  

Operating efficiency ratio (FTE basis)

    53.77        47.14        48.73        51.35        51.13  

Dividend payout ratio

    71.02        44.59        45.84        44.98        39.76  

Operating leverage (FTE basis)

    (12.97 )      4.15        5.74        (0.55 )      (0.41 )

FTE basis data

             

Net interest income

  $ 36,182      $ 35,815      $ 31,569      $ 28,677      $ 21,149  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    68,068        73,804        58,007        51,406        39,419  

Net interest yield

    2.60 %      2.82 %      2.84 %      3.17 %      3.26 %

Efficiency ratio

    54.37        48.23        49.44        52.55        51.13  

Reconciliation of net income to operating earnings

             

Net income

  $ 14,982      $ 21,133      $ 16,465      $ 13,947      $ 10,762  

Merger and restructuring charges

    410        805        412        618         

Related income tax benefit

    (152 )      (298 )      (137 )      (207 )       

Operating earnings

  $ 15,240      $ 21,640      $ 16,740      $ 14,358      $ 10,762  

Reconciliation of average shareholders’ equity to average tangible shareholders’ equity

             

Average shareholders’ equity

  $ 136,662      $ 130,463      $ 99,861      $ 84,815      $ 50,091  

Average goodwill

    (69,333 )      (66,040 )      (45,331 )      (36,612 )      (11,440 )

Average tangible shareholders’ equity

  $ 67,329      $ 64,423      $ 54,530      $ 48,203      $ 38,651  

Reconciliation of return on average assets to operating return on average assets

             

Return on average assets

    0.94 %      1.44 %      1.30 %      1.34 %      1.44 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

    0.01        0.04        0.02        0.03         

Operating return on average assets

    0.95 %      1.48 %      1.32 %      1.37 %      1.44 %

Reconciliation of return on average common shareholders’ equity to operating return on average common shareholders’ equity

             

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

    11.08 %      16.27 %      16.51 %      16.47 %      21.50 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

    0.19        0.39        0.28        0.49         

Operating return on average common shareholders’ equity

    11.27 %      16.66 %      16.79 %      16.96 %      21.50 %

Reconciliation of return on average tangible shareholders’ equity to operating return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

             

Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

    22.25 %      32.80 %      30.19 %      28.93 %      27.84 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

    0.39        0.79        0.51        0.86         

Operating return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

    22.64 %      33.59 %      30.70 %      29.79 %      27.84 %

Reconciliation of efficiency ratio to operating efficiency ratio (FTE basis)

             

Efficiency ratio

    54.37 %      48.23 %      49.44 %      52.55 %      51.13 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges

    (0.60 )      (1.09 )      (0.71 )      (1.20 )       

Operating efficiency ratio

    53.77 %      47.14 %      48.73 %      51.35 %      51.13 %

Reconciliation of dividend payout ratio to operating dividend payout ratio

             

Dividend payout ratio

    72.26 %      45.66 %      46.61 %      46.31 %      39.76 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

    (1.24 )      (1.07 )      (0.77 )      (1.33 )       

Operating dividend payout ratio

    71.02 %      44.59 %      45.84 %      44.98 %      39.76 %

Reconciliation of operating leverage to operating basis operating leverage (FTE basis)

             

Operating leverage

    (11.74 )%      3.12 %      6.67 %      (3.62 )%      (0.41 )%

Effect of merger and restructuring charges

    (1.23 )      1.03        (0.93 )      3.07         

Operating leverage

    (12.97 )%      4.15 %      5.74 %      (0.55 )%      (0.41 )%

 

18   Bank of America 2007


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Table 7   Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis

 

(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006      2005  

Net interest income (1)

       

As reported

  $ 36,182      $ 35,815      $ 31,569  

Impact of market-based net interest income (2)

    (2,716 )      (1,660 )      (1,975 )

Core net interest income

    33,466        34,155        29,594  

Impact of securitizations (3)

    7,841        7,045        323  

Core net interest income – managed basis

  $ 41,307      $ 41,200      $ 29,917  

Average earning assets

       

As reported

  $ 1,390,192      $ 1,269,144      $ 1,111,994  

Impact of market-based earning assets (2)

    (412,326 )      (370,187 )      (323,361 )

Core average earning assets

    977,866        898,957        788,633  

Impact of securitizations

    103,371        98,152        9,033  

Core average earning assets – managed basis

  $ 1,081,237      $ 997,109      $ 797,666  

Net interest yield contribution (1)

       

As reported

    2.60 %      2.82 %      2.84 %

Impact of market-based activities (2)

    0.82        0.98        0.91  

Core net interest yield on earning assets

    3.42        3.80        3.75  

Impact of securitizations

    0.40        0.33         

Core net interest yield on earning assets – managed basis

    3.82 %      4.13 %      3.75 %

(1)

FTE basis

(2)

Represents the impact of market-based amounts included in the CMAS business within GCIB and excludes $70 million of net interest income on loans for which the fair value option has been elected.

(3)

Represents the impact of securitizations utilizing actual bond costs. This is different from the business segment view which utilizes funds transfer pricing methodologies.

 

Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis

We manage core net interest income – managed basis, which adjusts reported net interest income on a FTE basis for the impact of market-based activities and certain securitizations, net of retained securities. As discussed in the GCIB business segment section beginning on page 25, we evaluate our market-based results and strategies on a total market-based revenue approach by combining net interest income and noninterest income for CMAS. We also adjust for loans that we originated and subsequently sold into certain securitizations. These securitizations include off-balance sheet loans and leases, primarily credit card securitizations where servicing is retained by the Corporation, but excludes first mortgage securitizations. Noninterest income, rather than net interest income and provision for credit losses, is recorded for assets that have been securitized as we are compensated for servicing the securitized assets and record servicing income and gains or losses on securitizations, where appropriate. We believe the use of this non-GAAP presentation provides additional clarity in managing our results. An analysis of core net interest income – managed basis, core average earning assets – managed basis and core net interest yield on earning assets – managed basis, which adjusts for the impact of these two non-core items from reported net interest income on a FTE basis, is shown in the table above.

Core net interest income on a managed basis increased $107 million in 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was driven by higher levels of consumer and commercial loans, the impact of the LaSalle acquisition, and a one-time tax benefit from restructuring our existing non-U.S. based commercial aircraft leasing business. These increases were partially offset by spread compression, increased hedge costs and the impact of divestitures of certain foreign operations in late 2006 and the beginning of 2007.

On a managed basis, core average earning assets increased $84.1 billion in 2007 compared to 2006 due to higher levels of consumer and commercial managed loans and increased levels from ALM activities partially offset by a decrease in average balances from the divestitures mentioned above.

Core net interest yield on a managed basis decreased 31 bps to 3.82 percent compared to 2006 and was driven by spread compression, higher costs of deposits, the impact of the funding of the LaSalle merger and the sale of certain foreign operations.

Business Segment Operations

Segment Description

We report the results of our operations through three business segments: GCSBB, GCIB and GWIM, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. For more information on our basis of presentation, selected financial information for the business segments and reconciliations to consolidated total revenue, net income and period end total asset amounts, see Note 22 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Basis of Presentation

We prepare and evaluate segment results using certain non-GAAP methodologies and performance measures, many of which are discussed in Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 17. We begin by evaluating the operating results of the businesses which by definition excludes merger and restructuring charges. The segment results also reflect certain revenue and expense methodologies which are utilized to determine net income. The net interest income of the businesses includes the results of a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics.

The management accounting reporting process derives segment and business results by utilizing allocation methodologies for revenue, expense and capital. The net income derived for the businesses is dependent upon revenue and cost allocations using an activity-based costing model, funds transfer pricing, and other methodologies and assumptions management believes are appropriate to reflect the results of the business.


 

Bank of America 2007   19


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Our ALM activities maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to manage fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. Our goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not significantly adversely affect net interest income. The results of the business segments will fluctuate based on the performance of corporate ALM activities. Some ALM activities are recorded in the businesses (e.g., Deposits) such as external product pricing decisions, including deposit pricing strategies, as well as the effects of our internal funds transfer pricing process. The net effects of other ALM activities are reported in each of our segments under ALM/Other. In addition, certain residual impacts of the funds transfer pricing process are retained in All Other.

Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific business segment are allocated to the segments based on pre-determined means. The most significant of these expenses include data processing costs, item processing costs and certain centralized or shared functions. Data

processing costs are allocated to the segments based on equipment usage. Item processing costs are allocated to the segments based on the volume of items processed for each segment. The costs of certain centralized or shared functions are allocated based on methodologies which reflect utilization.

Equity is allocated to business segments and related businesses using a risk-adjusted methodology incorporating each unit’s credit, market, interest rate and operational risk components. The Corporation as a whole benefits from risk diversification across the different businesses. This benefit is reflected as a reduction to allocated equity for each segment and is recorded in ALM/Other. The nature of these risks is discussed further beginning on page 40. Average equity is allocated to the business segments and related businesses, and is impacted by the portion of goodwill that is specifically assigned to the businesses and the unallocated portion of goodwill that resides in ALM/Other.


 

20   Bank of America 2007


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Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

 

 

 

     2007  
(Dollars in millions)    Total (1)      Deposits      Card
Services (1)
     Consumer
Real Estate (2)
    

ALM/

Other

 

Net interest income (3)

   $ 28,809      $ 9,423      $ 16,562      $ 2,281      $ 543  

Noninterest income:

                

Card income

     10,189        2,155        8,028        6         

Service charges

     6,008        6,003               5         

Mortgage banking income

     1,333                      1,333         

All other income

     1,343        (4 )      943        54        350  

Total noninterest income

     18,873        8,154        8,971        1,398        350  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

     47,682        17,577        25,533        3,679        893  
 

Provision for credit losses (4)

     12,929        256        11,317        1,041        315  

Noninterest expense

     20,060        9,106        8,294        2,033        627  

Income (loss) before income taxes

     14,693        8,215        5,922        605        (49 )

Income tax expense (benefit) (3)

     5,263        2,988        2,210        234        (169 )

Net income

   $ 9,430      $ 5,227      $ 3,712      $ 371      $ 120  

Net interest yield (3)

     8.15 %      2.97 %      7.87 %      2.04 %      n/m  

Return on average equity (5)

     14.94        33.61        8.43        9.00        n/m  

Efficiency ratio (3)

     42.07        51.81        32.49        55.24        n/m  

Period end – total assets (6)

   $ 442,987      $ 358,626      $ 257,000      $ 133,324        n/m  

 

     2006
(Dollars in millions)    Total (1)      Deposits      Card
Services (1)
     Consumer
Real Estate (2)
    

ALM/

Other

Net interest income (3)

   $ 28,197      $ 9,405      $ 16,357      $ 1,994      $ 441

Noninterest income:

                

Card income

     9,374        1,907        7,460        7       

Service charges

     5,342        5,338               4       

Mortgage banking income

     877                      877       

All other income

     1,136        1        819        27        289

Total noninterest income

     16,729        7,246        8,279        915        289

Total revenue, net of interest expense

     44,926        16,651        24,636        2,909        730
 

Provision for credit losses (4)

     8,534        165        8,089        63        217

Noninterest expense

     18,375        8,783        7,519        1,718        355

Income before income taxes

     18,017        7,703        9,028        1,128        158

Income tax expense (3)

     6,639        2,840        3,328        416        55

Net income

   $ 11,378      $ 4,863      $ 5,700      $ 712      $ 103

Net interest yield (3)

     8.20 %      2.93 %      8.52 %      2.19 %      n/m

Return on average equity (5)

     18.11        33.42        12.90        22.18        n/m

Efficiency ratio (3)

     40.90        52.75        30.52        59.06        n/m

Period end – total assets (6)

   $ 399,373      $ 339,717      $ 235,106      $ 101,175        n/m

(1)

Presented on a managed basis, specifically Card Services.

(2)

Effective January 1, 2007, GCSBB combined the former Mortgage and Home Equity businesses into Consumer Real Estate.

(3)

FTE basis

(4)

Represents provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

(5)

Average allocated equity for GCSBB was $63.1 billion and $62.8 billion in 2007 and 2006.

(6)

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

n/m

= not meaningful

 

Bank of America 2007   21


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    December 31       Average Balance
(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006        2007      2006

Total loans and leases

  $ 359,946      $ 307,661     $ 327,810      $ 288,131

Total earning assets (1)

    383,384        343,338       353,591        344,013

Total assets (1)

    442,987        399,373       408,034        396,559

Total deposits

    344,850        329,195         328,918        332,242

(1)

Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

The strategy for GCSBB is to attract, retain and deepen customer relationships. We achieve this strategy through our ability to offer a wide range of products and services through a franchise that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia. We also provide credit card products to customers in Canada, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. In the U.S., we serve approximately 59 million consumer and small business relationships utilizing our network of 6,149 banking centers, 18,753 domestic branded ATMs, and telephone and Internet channels. Within GCSBB, there are three primary businesses: Deposits, Card Services, and Consumer Real Estate. In addition, ALM/Other includes the results of ALM activities and other consumer-related businesses (e.g., insurance). GCSBB, specifically Card Services, is presented on a managed basis. For a reconciliation of managed GCSBB to held GCSBB, see Note 22 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

During 2007, Visa Inc. filed a registration statement with the SEC with respect to a proposed IPO. Subject to market conditions and other factors, Visa Inc. expects the IPO to occur in the first half of 2008. We expect to record a gain associated with the IPO. In addition, we expect that a portion of the proceeds from the IPO will be used by Visa Inc. to fund liabilities arising from litigation which would allow us to record an offset to the litigation liabilities that we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2007 as discussed below.

Net income decreased $1.9 billion, or 17 percent, to $9.4 billion compared to 2006 as increases in noninterest income and net interest income were more than offset by increases in provision for credit losses and noninterest expense.

Net interest income increased $612 million, or two percent, to $28.8 billion due to the impacts of organic growth and the LaSalle acquisition on average loans and leases, and deposits compared to 2006. Noninterest income increased $2.1 billion, or 13 percent, to $18.9 billion compared to the same period in 2006, mainly due to increases in card income, service charges and mortgage banking income.

Provision for credit losses increased $4.4 billion, or 51 percent, to $12.9 billion compared to 2006. This increase primarily resulted from a $3.2 billion increase in Card Services and a $978 million increase in Consumer Real Estate. For further discussion of the increase in provision for credit losses related to Card Services and Consumer Real Estate, see their respective discussions.

Noninterest expense increased $1.7 billion, or nine percent, to $20.1 billion largely due to increases in personnel-related expenses, Visa-related litigation costs, equally allocated to Card Services and Treasury Services on a management accounting basis, and technology related costs. For additional information on Visa-related litigation, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Deposits

Deposits provides a comprehensive range of products to consumers and small businesses. Our products include traditional savings accounts, money market savings accounts, CDs and IRAs, and noninterest and

interest-bearing checking accounts. Debit card results are also included in Deposits.

Deposit products provide a relatively stable source of funding and liquidity. We earn net interest spread revenues from investing this liquidity in earning assets through client-facing lending activity and our ALM activities. The revenue is allocated to the deposit products using our funds transfer pricing process which takes into account the interest rates and maturity characteristics of the deposits. Deposits also generate fees such as account service fees, non-sufficient fund fees, overdraft charges and ATM fees, while debit cards generate merchant interchange fees based on purchase volume.

Excluding accounts obtained through acquisitions, we added approximately 2.3 million net new retail checking accounts in 2007. These additions resulted from continued improvement in sales and service results in the Banking Center Channel and Online, and the success of such products as Keep the ChangeTM, Risk Free CDs, Balance Rewards and Affinity.

We continue to migrate qualifying affluent customers and their related deposit balances from GCSBB to GWIM. In 2007, a total of $11.4 billion of deposits were migrated from GCSBB to GWIM compared to $10.7 billion in 2006. After migration, the associated net interest income, service charges and noninterest expense are recorded in GWIM.

Net income increased $364 million, or seven percent, to $5.2 billion compared to 2006 as an increase in noninterest income was partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense. Net interest income remained relatively flat at $9.4 billion compared to 2006 as the addition of LaSalle and higher deposit spreads resulting from disciplined pricing were offset by the impact of lower balances. Average deposits decreased $3.2 billion, or one percent, largely due to the migration of customer relationships and related balances to GWIM, partially offset by the acquisition of LaSalle. The increase in noninterest income was driven by higher service charges of $665 million, or 12 percent, primarily as a result of new demand deposit account growth and the addition of LaSalle. Additionally, debit card revenue growth of $248 million, or 13 percent, was due to a higher number of checking accounts, increased usage, the addition of LaSalle and market penetration (i.e., increase in the number of existing account holders with debit cards).

Noninterest expense increased $323 million, or four percent, to $9.1 billion compared to 2006, primarily due to the addition of LaSalle, and to higher account and transaction volumes.

Card Services

Card Services, which excludes the results of debit cards (included in Deposits), provides a broad offering of products, including U.S. Consumer and Business Card, Unsecured Lending, and International Card. We offer a variety of co-branded and affinity credit card products and have become the leading issuer of credit cards through endorsed marketing in the U.S. and Europe. During 2007, Merchant Services was transferred to Treasury Services within GCIB. Previously their results were reported in Card Services. Prior period amounts have been reclassified.


 

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The Corporation reports its GCSBB results, specifically Card Services, on a managed basis, which is consistent with the way that management evaluates the results of GCSBB. Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Loan securitization is an alternative funding process that is used by the Corporation to diversify funding sources. Loan securitization removes loans from the Consolidated Balance Sheet through the sale of loans to an off-balance sheet QSPE which is excluded from the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.

Securitized loans continue to be serviced by the business and are subject to the same underwriting standards and ongoing monitoring as held loans. In addition, excess servicing income is exposed to similar credit risk and repricing of interest rates as held loans.

Net income decreased $2.0 billion, or 35 percent, to $3.7 billion compared to 2006 as growth in noninterest income and net interest income was more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $205 million, or one percent, to $16.6 billion as an increase in managed average loans and leases of $18.5 billion was partially offset by spread compression.

Noninterest income increased $692 million, or eight percent, to $9.0 billion mainly due to higher cash advance fees related to organic loan growth in domestic credit card and unsecured lending. All other income increased $124 million primarily due to higher foreign revenues.

Provision for credit losses increased $3.2 billion, or 40 percent, to $11.3 billion compared to 2006. The increase was primarily driven by higher managed net losses from portfolio seasoning and increases from unusually low loss levels experienced in 2006 post bankruptcy reform. The higher provision was also driven by reserve increases in our small business portfolio reflective of growth in the business and portfolio deterioration. In addition, higher provision was due to seasoning of the unsecured lending portfolio. These increases in provision were partially offset by a higher level of reserve reduction from the addition of higher loss profile accounts to the domestic credit card securitization trust.

Noninterest expense increased $775 million, or 10 percent, to $8.3 billion compared to 2006, largely due to increases in personnel-related expenses, Card Services’ allocation of the Visa-related litigation costs and technology related costs. For additional information on Visa-related litigation, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Key Statistics

 

(Dollars in millions)

  2007         2006  

Card Services

     

Average – total loans and leases:

     

Managed

  $ 209,774       $ 191,314  

Held

    106,490         95,076  

Period end – total loans and leases:

     

Managed

    227,822         203,151  

Held

    124,855         101,286  

Managed net losses (1):

     

Amount

    10,099         7,236  

Percent

    4.81 %       3.78 %

Credit Card (2)

     

Average – total loans and leases:

     

Managed

  $ 171,376       $ 163,409  

Held

    70,242         72,979  

Period end – total loans and leases:

     

Managed

    183,691         170,489  

Held

    80,724         72,194  

Managed net losses (1):

     

Amount

    8,214         6,375  

Percent

    4.79 %         3.90 %

(1)

Represents net charge-offs on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

(2)

Includes U.S. consumer card and foreign credit card. Does not include business card and unsecured lending.

The table above and the discussion below presents select key indicators for the Card Services and credit card portfolios.

Managed Card Services net losses increased $2.9 billion to $10.1 billion, or 4.81 percent of average outstandings, compared to $7.2 billion, or 3.78 percent (3.93 percent excluding the impact of SOP 03-3) in 2006. This increase was primarily driven by portfolio seasoning and increases from the unusually low loss levels experienced in 2006 post bankruptcy reform.

Managed Card Services total average loans and leases increased $18.5 billion to $209.8 billion compared to the same period in 2006, driven by growth in the unsecured lending, foreign and domestic card portfolios.

Managed credit card net losses increased $1.8 billion to $8.2 billion, or 4.79 percent of average credit card outstandings, compared to $6.4 billion, or 3.90 percent (3.99 percent excluding the impact of SOP 03-3) in 2006. The increase was driven by portfolio seasoning and increases from the unusually low loss levels experienced in 2006 post bankruptcy reform.

Managed credit card total average loans and leases increased $8.0 billion to $171.4 billion compared to the same period in 2006. The increase was driven by growth in the foreign and domestic portfolios.

For more information on credit quality, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 45.


 

Bank of America 2007   23


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Consumer Real Estate

Consumer Real Estate generates revenue by providing an extensive line of consumer real estate products and services to customers nationwide. Consumer Real Estate products are available to our customers through a retail network of personal bankers located in 6,149 banking centers, mortgage loan officers in nearly 200 locations and through a sales force offering our customers direct telephone and online access to our products. Consumer Real Estate products include fixed and adjustable rate loans for home purchase and refinancing needs, reverse mortgages, lines of credit and home equity loans. Mortgage products are either sold into the secondary mortgage market to investors, while retaining the Bank of America customer relationships, or are held on our balance sheet for ALM purposes. Consumer Real Estate is not impacted by the Corporation’s mortgage production retention decisions as Consumer Real Estate is compensated for the decision on a management accounting basis with a corresponding offset recorded in All Other.

The Consumer Real Estate business includes the origination, fulfillment, sale and servicing of first mortgage loan products, reverse mortgage products and home equity products. Servicing activities primarily include collecting cash for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers, disbursing customer draws for lines of credit and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors and escrow payments to third parties. Servicing income includes ancillary income derived in connection with these activities such as late fees.

Within GCSBB, the Consumer Real Estate first mortgage and home equity production were $93.3 billion and $69.2 billion for 2007 compared to $76.9 billion and $67.9 billion in 2006. During the second quarter of 2007, the Corporation completed the purchase of a reverse mortgage business which increased the Corporation’s offerings of reverse mortgages.

Net income for Consumer Real Estate decreased $341 million to $371 million compared to 2006 as increases in mortgage banking income and net interest income were more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and an increase in noninterest expense. Net interest income grew $287 million, or 14 percent, to $2.3 billion and was driven by loan balances in our home equity business partially offset by spread compression. Average loans and leases increased $20.7 billion, or 24 percent. The increase in mortgage banking income of $456 million, or 52 percent, to $1.3 billion was primarily due to the election under SFAS 159 to account for certain mortgage loans held-for-sale at fair value, favorable performance of the MSRs and increased production income partially offset by widening of credit spreads during the year.

Subsequent to the adoption of SFAS 159 on January 1, 2007, mortgage loan origination fees and costs are recognized in earnings when incurred. Previously, mortgage loan origination fees and costs would have been capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the loans and recognized as a reduction of mortgage banking income upon the sale of such loans. For more information on the adoption of SFAS 159 on mortgage banking income, see Mortgage Banking Risk Management on page 68.

Noninterest expense increased $315 million, or 18 percent, to $2.0 billion compared to 2006, driven by costs associated with increased volume and the increase in cost related to the adoption of SFAS 159 as discussed above.

Provision for credit losses increased $978 million to $1.0 billion compared to 2006. This increase was driven by higher losses inherent in the home equity portfolio reflective of portfolio seasoning and the impacts of the weak housing market, particularly in geographic areas which have experienced the most significant home price declines driving a reduction in collateral value.

The Consumer Real Estate servicing portfolio includes loans serviced for others, and originated and retained residential mortgages. The servicing portfolio at December 31, 2007 was $516.9 billion, $97.4 billion higher than at December 31, 2006, driven by production. Included in this amount was $259.5 billion of residential first mortgage loans serviced for others.

At December 31, 2007, the residential first mortgage MSR balance was $3.1 billion, an increase of $184 million, or six percent, from December 31, 2006. This value represented 118 bps of the related unpaid principal balance, a seven bps decrease from December 31, 2006.

ALM/Other

ALM/Other is comprised primarily of the allocation of a portion of the Corporation’s net interest income from ALM activities and the results of other consumer-related businesses (e.g., insurance).

Net income increased $17 million compared to 2006 as higher contributions from ALM activities were offset by increases in provision for credit losses and noninterest expense. Provision for credit losses increased $98 million to $315 million compared to 2006. This increase was driven by higher losses inherent in the small business lending portfolio managed outside of Card Services. For more information on the Corporation’s entire small business commercial – domestic portfolio, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 49.


 

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Global Corporate and Investment Banking

 

 

 

    2007  
(Dollars in millions)   Total      Business
Lending
     Capital
Markets and
Advisory
Services (1)
     Treasury
Services
     ALM/
Other
 

Net interest income (2)

  $ 11,217      $ 5,020      $ 2,786      $ 3,814      $ (403 )

Noninterest income:

               

Service charges

    2,769        507        134        2,128         

Investment and brokerage services

    910        1        867        42         

Investment banking income

    2,537               2,537                

Trading account profits (losses)

    (5,164 )      (180 )      (5,050 )      63        3  

All other income

    1,148        824        (971 )      1,092        203  

Total noninterest income

    2,200        1,152        (2,483 )      3,325        206  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    13,417        6,172        303        7,139        (197 )
 

Provision for credit losses

    652        647               5         

Noninterest expense

    11,925        2,158        5,642        3,856        269  

Income (loss) before income taxes

    840        3,367        (5,339 )      3,278        (466 )

Income tax expense (benefit) (2)

    302        1,246        (1,977 )      1,213        (180 )

Net income (loss)

  $ 538      $ 2,121      $ (3,362 )    $ 2,065      $ (286 )

Net interest yield (2)

    1.66 %      2.00 %      n/m        2.79 %      n/m  

Return on average equity (3)

    1.19        13.12        (25.41 )%      26.31        n/m  

Efficiency ratio (2)

    88.88        34.98        n/m        54.02        n/m  

Period end – total assets (4)

  $ 776,107      $ 305,548      $ 413,115      $ 180,369        n/m  
    2006  
(Dollars in millions)   Total      Business
Lending
     Capital
Markets and
Advisory
Services
     Treasury
Services
     ALM/
Other
 

Net interest income (2)

  $ 9,877      $ 4,575      $ 1,660      $ 3,878      $ (236 )

Noninterest income:

               

Service charges

    2,648        501        121        2,026         

Investment and brokerage services

    942        15        893        33        1  

Investment banking income

    2,476               2,476                

Trading account profits

    2,967        55        2,847        52        13  

All other income

    2,251        469        478        1,223        81  

Total noninterest income

    11,284        1,040        6,815        3,334        95  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    21,161        5,615        8,475        7,212        (141 )
 

Provision for credit losses

    9        (2 )      14        (3 )       

Noninterest expense

    11,578        2,047        5,799        3,561        171  

Income (loss) before income taxes

    9,574        3,570        2,662        3,654        (312 )

Income tax expense (benefit) (2)

    3,542        1,321        985        1,352        (116 )

Net income (loss)

  $ 6,032      $ 2,249      $ 1,677      $ 2,302      $ (196 )

Net interest yield (2)

    1.62 %      1.98 %      n/m        2.86 %      n/m  

Return on average equity (3)

    14.33        14.36        15.17 %      28.71        n/m  

Efficiency ratio (2)

    54.71        36.45        68.42        49.36        n/m  

Period end – total assets (4)

  $ 685,935      $ 248,225      $ 385,450      $ 167,979        n/m  

(1)

CMAS revenue of $303 million for 2007 consists of market-based revenue of $233 million and $70 million of net interest income on loans for which the fair value option has been elected.

(2)

FTE basis

(3)

Average allocated equity for GCIB was $45.3 billion and $42.1 billion for 2007 and 2006.

(4)

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

n/m

= not meaningful

 

Bank of America 2007   25


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    December 31           Average Balance
(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006        2007      2006

Total loans and leases

  $ 324,198      $ 242,700        $ 274,015      $ 232,623

Total trading-related assets

    308,315        309,097          362,193        336,860

Total market-based earning assets (1)

    359,730        348,717          412,326        370,187

Total earning assets (2)

    673,552        599,326          676,500        609,100

Total assets (2)

    776,107        685,935          770,360        691,414

Total deposits

    246,788        212,028            220,724        194,972

(1)

Total market-based earning assets represents earning assets included in CMAS but excludes loans for which the fair value option has been elected.

(2)

Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

GCIB provides a wide range of financial services to both our issuer and investor clients that range from business banking clients to large international corporate and institutional investor clients using a strategy to deliver value-added financial products and advisory solutions. GCIB’s products and services are delivered from three primary businesses: Business Lending, CMAS, and Treasury Services, and are provided to our clients through a global team of client relationship managers and product partners. In addition, ALM/Other includes the results of ALM activities and other GCIB activities (e.g., Commercial Insurance business which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2007). Our clients are supported through offices in 22 countries that are divided into four distinct geographic regions: U.S. and Canada; Asia; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Latin America. For more information on our foreign operations, see Foreign Portfolio beginning on page 56.

Effective January 1, 2007, the Corporation adopted SFAS 159 and elected to account for loans and loan commitments to certain large corporate clients at fair value. For more information on the adoption of SFAS 159, see Note 19 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements and see page 49 for a discussion of loans and loan commitments measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. The results of loans and loan commitments to certain large corporate clients for which the Corporation elected the fair value option (including the associated risk mitigation tools) are recorded in CMAS.

Net income decreased $5.5 billion, or 91 percent, to $538 million and total revenue decreased $7.7 billion, or 37 percent, to $13.4 billion in 2007 compared to 2006. These decreases were driven by $5.6 billion of losses resulting from our CDO exposure and other trading losses. Additionally, we experienced increases in provision for credit losses and noninterest expense, which were partially offset by an increase in net interest income.

Net interest income increased $1.3 billion, or 14 percent, due to higher market-based net interest income of $1.1 billion and the FTE impact of a one-time tax benefit from restructuring our existing non-U.S. based commercial aircraft leasing business. Additionally, the benefit of growth in average loans and leases of $41.4 billion, or 18 percent, was partially offset by spread compression on core lending and deposit-related activities, and a change in the mix between interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits as clients maintained lower noninterest-bearing compensating balances by shifting to interest bearing and/or higher yielding investment alternatives. The growth in average loans and average deposits was due to organic growth as well as the LaSalle merger.

Noninterest income decreased $9.1 billion, or 81 percent, in 2007 compared to 2006, driven by declines in trading account profits (losses) of $8.1 billion and all other income of $1.1 billion. For more information on these decreases, see the CMAS discussion.

Provision for credit losses was $652 million in 2007 compared to $9 million in 2006. The increase was driven by the absence of 2006 releases of reserves, higher net charge-offs and an increase in reserves during 2007 reflecting the impact of the weak housing market particularly on the

homebuilder loan portfolio. Net charge-offs increased in the retail automotive and other dealer-related portfolios due to growth, seasoning and deterioration, as well as from a lower level of commercial recoveries.

Noninterest expense increased $347 million, or three percent, mainly due to the addition of LaSalle and Visa-related litigation costs, equally allocated to Treasury Services and Card Services on a management accounting basis, partially offset by a reduction in performance-based incentive compensation in CMAS. For additional information on Visa- related litigation, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business Lending

Business Lending provides a wide range of lending-related products and services to our clients through client relationship teams along with various product partners. Products include commercial and corporate bank loans and commitment facilities which cover our business banking clients, middle market commercial clients and our large multinational corporate clients. Real estate lending products are issued primarily to public and private developers, homebuilders and commercial real estate firms. Leasing and asset-based lending products offer our clients innovative financing solutions. Products also include indirect consumer loans which allow us to offer financing through automotive, marine, motorcycle and recreational vehicle dealerships across the U.S. Business Lending also contains the results for the economic hedging of our risk to certain credit counterparties utilizing various risk mitigation tools.

Net income decreased $128 million, or six percent, to $2.1 billion in 2007 compared to 2006 as increases in net interest income and noninterest income were more than offset by increases in provision for credit losses and noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $445 million, or 10 percent, driven by the FTE impact of approximately $350 million related to a one-time tax benefit from restructuring our existing non-U.S. based commercial aircraft leasing business, and average loan growth of 14 percent. These increases were partially offset by the impact of spread compression on the loan portfolio. The increase in average loans and leases was attributable to growth in commercial loans, the LaSalle merger and increases in the indirect consumer loan portfolio related to bulk purchases of retail automotive loans. The increase in noninterest income of $112 million, or 11 percent, was driven by improved economic hedging results of our exposures to certain large corporate clients and higher tax credits from community development activities partially offset by derivative fair value adjustments related to an option to purchase retail automotive loans.

Provision for credit losses was $647 million in 2007 compared to negative $2 million in 2006. The increase was driven by the absence of 2006 releases of reserves related to favorable commercial credit market conditions, higher net charge-offs and an increase in reserves during 2007 reflecting the impact of the weak housing market particularly on the homebuilder loan portfolio. Net charge-offs increased in 2007 as retail automotive and other dealer-related portfolio losses rose due to growth,


 

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seasoning and deterioration, and the level of commercial recoveries declined.

Noninterest expense increased $111 million, or five percent, primarily due to the LaSalle merger.

Capital Markets and Advisory Services

CMAS provides financial products, advisory services and financing globally to our institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. We also work with our commercial and corporate issuer clients to provide debt and equity underwriting and distribution capabilities, merger-related advisory services and risk management solutions using interest rate, equity, credit, currency and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange, fixed income and mortgage-related products. The business may take positions in these products and participate in market-making activities dealing in government securities, equity and equity-linked securities, high-grade and high-yield corporate debt securities, commercial paper, mortgage-backed securities and ABS. Underwriting debt and equity, securities research and certain market-based activities are executed through Banc of America Securities, LLC which is a primary dealer in the U.S.

In January 2008, we announced changes in our CMAS business which better align the strategy of this business with GCIB’s broader integrated platform. We will continue to provide corporate, commercial and sponsored clients with debt and equity capital-raising services, strategic advice, and a full range of corporate banking capabilities. We will reduce activities in certain structured products (e.g., CDOs) and will resize the international platform to emphasize debt, cash management, and trading services, including rates and foreign exchange. The realignment will result in the reduction of front office personnel with additional infrastructure headcount reduction to follow. We also plan to sell our equity prime brokerage business.

CMAS evaluates its results using market-based revenue that is comprised of net interest income and noninterest income. The following table presents further detail regarding market-based revenue. Sales and trading revenue is segregated into fixed income from liquid products (primarily interest rate and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange contracts and public finance), credit products (primarily investment and noninvestment grade corporate debt obligations and credit derivatives), structured products (primarily CMBS, residential mortgage-backed securities, structured credit trading and CDOs), and equity income from equity-linked derivatives and cash equity activity.

 

 

(Dollars in millions)   2007        2006

Investment banking income

      

Advisory fees

  $ 446        $ 337

Debt underwriting

    1,772          1,824

Equity underwriting

    319          315

Total investment banking income

    2,537          2,476

Sales and trading revenue

      

Fixed income:

      

Liquid products

    2,111          2,158

Credit products

    (537 )        821

Structured products

    (5,176 )        1,449

Total fixed income

    (3,602 )        4,428

Equity income

    1,298          1,571

Total sales and trading revenue

    (2,304 )        5,999

Total Capital Markets and Advisory Services

   market-based revenue (1)

  $ 233        $ 8,475

(1)

CMAS revenue of $303 million for 2007 consists of market-based revenue of $233 million and $70 million of net interest income on loans for which the fair value option has been elected.

 

A variety of factors influence results including volume of activity, the degree in which we successfully anticipate market movements, and how our hedges perform in the various markets. During the second half of 2007, extreme dislocations emerged in the financial markets, including leveraged finance, subprime mortgage, and the commercial paper markets, and these dislocations were further compounded by the decoupling of typical correlations in the various markets in which we participate. These conditions created less liquidity, a flight to quality, greater volatility, widening of credit spreads and a lack of price transparency. Furthermore, in the fourth quarter of 2007, the credit ratings of certain structured securities (e.g., CDOs) were downgraded which among other things triggered further widening of credit spreads for this type of security. We have been an active participant in the CDO market, maintain ongoing exposure to these securities and incurred losses associated with these exposures. Many of these conditions continued into 2008 and it is unclear how long these conditions and the overall economic slowdown may continue and what impact they will ultimately have on our results.

CMAS recognized a net loss of $3.4 billion in 2007, a decrease of $5.0 billion, compared to 2006 driven by a decrease in market-based revenue of $8.2 billion. The decrease was driven by $5.6 billion of losses resulting from our CDO exposure and other trading losses. Partially offsetting this decrease was a reduction in noninterest expense due to lower performance-based incentive compensation.

Investment banking income increased $61 million to $2.5 billion due to growth in advisory fees. This growth was driven by increased market activity primarily in the first half of the year partially offset by reduced debt underwriting fees that were affected by the market disruptions during the second half of the year which included the utilization of fees to distribute leveraged loan commitments.

Sales and trading revenue declined $8.3 billion to a loss of $2.3 billion in 2007. While structured products and credit products reported losses for 2007, liquid products and equities compared reasonably well with 2006 given the market conditions.

·  

Liquid products revenue decreased $47 million as the negative impact of spread widening and correlations breaking down (e.g., correlation between certain municipal market indices and bond market swap spreads) were partially offset by the strength in interest rate products and foreign exchange contracts.

·  

Credit products losses were $537 million, a decline in revenue of $1.4 billion compared to 2006. Losses resulted from positions taken in the market as a result of customer market making activities as the widening of spreads during the second half of the year had a negative impact on these positions. In addition, certain indices became extremely volatile and diverged from other related indices and from single name credit risk (bonds, loans or derivatives) in our portfolio. This negatively impacted our hedging of portfolios of single name credits with derivatives based on these indices. One example of this divergence was the widening of the spread between the investment grade cash and the credit derivative markets. In addition, losses also resulted from positions taken in the market as the widening of spreads during the second half of the year had a negative impact on these positions.

We also incurred losses of $292 million, net of $471 million of fees, on leveraged loans, loan commitments and the Corporation’s share of the leveraged forward calendar. Losses incurred on our leveraged exposure were not concentrated in any one type (senior secured, covenant light or subordinated/senior unsecured) and were generally due to wider new issuance credit spreads. Since the negotiated spreads were lower than the then current new issuance spread, a fair value loss


 

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resulted. In several instances, commitments were either terminated by the client or interest rate concessions (e.g., an increase in the stated coupon) were obtained from the borrowers, thereby increasing the value of the loans, in each case negating the need for any writedown. At December 31, 2007, the Corporation’s share of the leveraged finance forward calendar that consisted primarily of senior secured exposure was $12.2 billion and our funded position held for distribution was $6.1 billion. In addition, we had limited investment grade exposure that was in line with our normal exposure levels.

·  

Structured products losses were $5.2 billion, with a decline in revenue of $6.6 billion in 2007 compared to the prior year. The decrease was driven by $5.6 billion of losses resulting from our CDO exposure, $125 million of losses on CMBS funded debt and the forward calendar and $875 million related to other structured products. See the detailed CDO exposure discussion to follow. Other structured products, including residential mortgage-backed securities and structured credit trading, were negatively impacted by spread widening due to the credit market disruptions during the second half of the year and by the breakdown of the expected hedge correlations. For example, the divergence in valuation of agency-based mortgage products, principally derivatives and forward sales contracts, used to economically hedge non-agency mortgage exposure resulted in losses on our residential mortgage-backed securities trading positions. At the end of the year, we held $13.7 billion of funded CMBS debt of which $6.9 billion were floating-rate acquisition

 

related financings to major, well known operating companies. In addition, we had a forward calendar of just over $2.0 billion of which $1.1 billion were floating-rate acquisition related financings.

·  

Equity products revenue decreased $273 million primarily due to lower client activity in equity capital markets and equity derivatives combined with reduced trading results.

Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure at December 31, 2007

CDO vehicles are special purpose entities that hold diversified pools of fixed income securities. CDO vehicles issue multiple tranches of debt securities, including commercial paper, mezzanine and equity securities.

We receive fees for structuring CDO vehicles and/or placing debt securities with third party investors as part of our structured credit products business. Our CDO exposure can be divided into funded and unfunded super senior liquidity commitment exposure, other super senior exposure (i.e., cash positions and derivative contracts), warehouse, and sales and trading positions. For more information on our CDO liquidity commitments refer to Collateralized Debt Obligations as part of Off- and On-Balance Sheet Arrangements beginning on page 35. Super senior exposure represents the most senior class of commercial paper or notes that are issued by the CDO vehicles. These financial instruments benefit from the subordination of all other securities, including AAA-rated securities, issued by the CDO vehicles.


 

28   Bank of America 2007


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The following table presents our super senior CDO exposure at December 31, 2007.

 

 

Super Senior Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure

 

    December 31, 2007
    Subprime Exposure (1)       Non-Subprime Exposure (2)       Total CDO Exposure
(Dollars in millions)   Gross   Insured     Net of
Insured
Amount
  Net
Write-
downs (3)
    Net
Exposure (3)
    Gross   Insured     Net of
Insured
Amount
  Net
Write-
downs (3)
    Net
Exposure (3)
    Gross   Insured     Net of
Insured
Amount
  Net
Write-
downs (3)
    Net
Exposure (3)

Super senior liquidity commitments

                                 

High grade

  $ 4,610   $ (1,800 )   $ 2,810   $ (640 )   $ 2,170     $ 3,053   $     $ 3,053   $ (57 )   $ 2,996     $ 7,663   $ (1,800 )   $ 5,863   $ (697 )   $ 5,166

Mezzanine

    363           363     (5 )     358                                 363           363     (5 )     358

CDOs-squared

    4,240           4,240     (2,013 )     2,227                                 4,240           4,240     (2,013 )     2,227

Total super senior liquidity commitments (4)

    9,213     (1,800 )     7,413     (2,658 )     4,755       3,053           3,053     (57 )     2,996       12,266     (1,800 )     10,466     (2,715 )     7,751

Other super senior exposure

                                 

High grade

    4,010     (2,110 )     1,900     (233 )     1,667       1,192     (734 )     458           458       5,202     (2,844 )     2,358     (233 )     2,125

Mezzanine

    1,547           1,547     (752 )     795                                 1,547           1,547     (752 )     795

CDOs-squared

    1,685     (410 )     1,275     (316 )     959                                 1,685     (410 )     1,275     (316 )     959

Total other super senior exposure

    7,242     (2,520 )     4,722     (1,301 )     3,421         1,192     (734 )     458           458         8,434     (3,254 )     5,180     (1,301 )     3,879

Total super senior CDO exposure

  $ 16,455   $ (4,320 )   $ 12,135   $ (3,959 )   $ 8,176       $ 4,245   $ (734 )   $ 3,511   $ (57 )   $ 3,454       $ 20,700   $ (5,054 )   $ 15,646   $ (4,016 )   $ 11,630

(1)

Classified as subprime when subprime consumer real estate loans make up at least 35 percent of the ultimate underlying collateral.

(2)

Includes highly-rated CLO and CMBS super senior exposure.

(3)

Net of insurance.

(4)

For additional information on our super senior liquidity exposure of $12.3 billion, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 37.

 

At December 31, 2007, super senior exposure, net of writedowns, of $11.6 billion in the form of cash positions, liquidity commitments, and derivative contracts consisted of net subprime super senior exposure of approximately $8.2 billion and net non-subprime super senior exposure of $3.5 billion. During 2007, we recorded losses of $4.0 billion associated with our subprime super senior CDO exposure. The losses reduced trading account profits (losses) by approximately $3.2 billion and other income by approximately $750 million. In addition, we incurred approximately $1.1 billion in losses related to subprime sales and trading positions, approximately $300 million related to our CDO warehouse, and approximately $200 million to cover counterparty risk on the insured CDOs. For more information on our super senior liquidity exposure, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 37.

Our net subprime super senior liquidity commitments were $4.8 billion where we have recorded losses of $2.7 billion. The collateral supporting the high grade exposure consisted of about 60 percent subprime of which approximately 65 percent was made up of 2006 and 2007 vintages while the remaining amount was comprised of higher quality vintages from 2005 and prior. The mezzanine exposure is collateralized with about 40 percent of subprime assets of which approximately 60 percent are of higher quality vintages from 2005 and prior. The CDOs-squared exposure is supported by approximately 75 percent of subprime collateral, the majority of which were later vintages.

Our net other subprime super senior exposure was $3.4 billion where we have recorded losses of $1.3 billion. Other subprime super senior exposure consists primarily of our cash and derivative positions including the unfunded commitments. The collateral underlying the high grade exposure is similar to our high grade collateral discussed above. The mezzanine exposure underlying collateral was heavily weighted to subprime with approximately 65 percent coming from later vintages while the

CDOs-squared collateral was made up of approximately 50 percent subprime assets comprised of later vintages.

We also had net non-subprime super senior CDO exposure of $3.5 billion which primarily included highly-rated CLO and CMBS super senior exposures. The net non-subprime super senior exposure is comprised of $3.0 billion of super senior liquidity commitment exposure and $458 million of high grade other super senior exposure. We recorded losses of $57 million associated with these exposures. These losses were primarily driven by spread widening rather than impairment of principal.

In addition to the table above, we also had CDO exposure with a market value of approximately $815 million in our CDO warehouse of which $314 million was classified as subprime, and CDO exposure of approximately $1.0 billion related to our sales and trading activities of which $279 million was classified as subprime. The subprime exposure related to our CDO warehouse and sales and trading activities is carried at approximately 30 percent of par value.

As mentioned above, during the fourth quarter, the credit ratings of certain CDO structures were downgraded which among other things triggered widening of credit spreads for this type of security. CDO-related markets experienced significant liquidity constraints impacting the availability and reliability of transparent pricing. We subsequently valued these CDO structures assuming they would terminate and looked through the structures to the underlying net asset values supported by the underlying securities. We were able to obtain security values using external pricing services for approximately 70 percent of the CDO exposure for which we used the average of all prices obtained by security. The majority of the remaining positions where no pricing quotes were available were valued using matrix pricing by aligning the value to securities that had similar vintage of underlying assets and ratings, using the lowest rating between the rating services. The remaining securities were valued using projected cash flows, similar to the valuation of an interest-only strip, based on


 

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estimated average life, seniority level and vintage of underlying assets. We assigned a zero value to the CDO positions for which an event of default had been triggered. The value of cash held by the trustee for all CDO structures was also incorporated into the resulting net asset value.

At December 31, 2007, we held $5.1 billion of purchased insurance on our CDO exposure of which 66 percent was provided by monolines in the form of CDS, total-return-swaps (TRS) or financial guarantees. The majority of this purchased insurance relates to the high grade super senior exposure. In the case of default we will first look to the underlying securities and then to recovery on purchased insurance. We valued these contracts by referencing the fair value of the CDO and subsequently adjusted these fair values downward by $200 million due to counterparty credit risk. For more information on our credit exposure to monolines, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 54.

Treasury Services

Treasury Services provides integrated working capital management and treasury solutions to clients worldwide through our network of proprietary offices and special clearing arrangements. Our clients include multinationals, middle-market companies, correspondent banks, commercial real estate firms and governments. Our products and services include treasury management, trade finance, foreign exchange, short-term credit facilities and short-term investing options. Net interest income is derived from interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits, sweep investments, and other liability management products. Deposit products provide a relatively stable source of funding and liquidity. We earn net interest spread revenues from investing this liquidity in earning assets through client-facing lending activity and our ALM activities. The revenue is attributed to the deposit products using our funds transfer pricing process which takes into account the interest rates and maturity characteristics of the deposits. Noninterest income is generated from payment and receipt products, merchant services, wholesale card products, and trade services and is comprised largely of service charges which are net of market-based earnings credit rates applied against noninterest-bearing deposits. During 2007, Merchant Services was transferred to Treasury Services. Previously, these results were reported in Card Services in GCSBB. Prior period amounts have been reclassified.

Net income decreased $237 million, or 10 percent, in 2007 compared to 2006 driven by the increase in noninterest expense combined with a decrease in revenue. Net interest income decreased $64 million, or two percent, due to the negative impact of a change in the mix between interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits as clients maintained lower noninterest-bearing compensating balances by shifting to interest-bearing and/or higher yielding investment alternatives, and spread compression resulting from the rate environment and competitive pricing. Partially offsetting this decrease was an increase in average deposits of $7.3 billion due to organic growth as well as the LaSalle merger. Noninterest income was relatively flat at $3.3 billion as the increase in service charges was more than offset by the decrease in all other income. Service charges increased $102 million due to organic growth, including the impact of deposit product shifts mentioned above, providing a partial offset to lower net interest income. All other income decreased $131 million due to the sale of a business related to our merchant services activities in the prior year. Noninterest expense increased $295 million, or eight percent, mainly due to Treasury Services’ allocation of the Visa-related litigation costs and the addition of LaSalle.

ALM/Other

ALM/Other includes an allocation of a portion of the Corporation’s net interest income from ALM activities as well as our Commercial Insurance business.

Net income decreased $90 million, or 46 percent, in 2007 compared to 2006 mainly due to a decrease in net interest income of $167 million, resulting from a lower contribution from the Corporation’s ALM activities, and increased noninterest expense partially offset by an increase in all other income. All other income increased $122 million due to the sale of our Commercial Insurance business in the fourth quarter of 2007. Noninterest expense increased $98 million due to severance costs associated with the GCIB strategic review implemented in 2007 as well as increased occupancy costs.


 

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Global Wealth and Investment Management

 

 

 

    2007
(Dollars in millions)   Total      U.S. Trust (1)      Columbia
Management
     Premier
Banking and
Investments
     ALM/
Other

Net interest income (2)

  $ 3,857      $ 1,036      $ 15      $ 2,655      $ 151

Noninterest income:

             

Investment and brokerage services

    4,210        1,226        1,857        950        177

All other income

    (144 )      57        (366 )      146        19

Total noninterest income

    4,066        1,283        1,491        1,096        196

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    7,923        2,319        1,506        3,751        347
 

Provision for credit losses

    14        (14 )             27        1

Noninterest expense

    4,635        1,592        1,196        1,700        147

Income before income taxes

    3,274        741        310        2,024        199

Income tax expense (2)

    1,179        274        114        749        42

Net income

  $ 2,095      $ 467      $ 196      $ 1,275      $ 157

Net interest yield (2)

    3.06 %      2.69 %      n/m        2.70 %      n/m

Return on average equity (3)

    18.87        17.25        11.29 %      72.44        n/m

Efficiency ratio (2)

    58.50        68.67        79.39        45.31        n/m

Period end – total assets (4)

  $ 157,157      $ 51,044      $ 2,617      $ 113,329        n/m
    2006
(Dollars in millions)   Total      U.S. Trust (1)      Columbia
Management
     Premier
Banking and
Investments
     ALM/
Other

Net interest income (2)

  $ 3,671      $ 902      $ (37 )    $ 2,552      $ 254

Noninterest income:

             

Investment and brokerage services

    3,383        914        1,532        778        159

All other income

    303        80        44        125        54

Total noninterest income

    3,686        994        1,576        903        213

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    7,357        1,896        1,539        3,455        467
 

Provision for credit losses

    (39 )      (52 )             12        1

Noninterest expense

    3,867        1,233        1,014        1,560        60

Income before income taxes

    3,529        715        525        1,883        406

Income tax expense (2)

    1,306        265        194        697        150

Net income

  $ 2,223      $ 450      $ 331      $ 1,186      $ 256

Net interest yield (2)

    3.50 %      2.94 %      n/m        2.98 %      n/m

Return on average equity (3)

    22.28        30.43        20.42 %      70.57        n/m

Efficiency ratio (2)

    52.57        65.04        65.88        45.15        n/m

Period end – total assets (4)

  $ 125,287      $ 33,648      $ 3,082      $ 93,992        n/m

(1)

In July 2007, the operations of the acquired U.S. Trust Corporation were combined with the former Private Bank creating U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management. The results of the combined business were reported for periods beginning on July 1, 2007. Prior to July 1, 2007, the results solely reflect that of the former Private Bank.

(2)

FTE basis

(3)

Average allocated equity for GWIM was $11.1 billion and $10.0 billion in 2007 and 2006.

(4)

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

n/m = not meaningful

 

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    December 31           Average Balance
(Dollars in millions)   2007    2006        2007    2006

Total loans and leases

  $ 84,600    $ 65,535        $ 73,469    $ 60,910

Total earning assets (1)

    145,979      117,342          126,244      105,028

Total assets (1)

    157,157      125,287          135,319      112,557

Total deposits

    144,865      113,568            124,867      102,389

(1)

Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

GWIM provides a wide offering of customized banking, investment and brokerage services tailored to meet the changing wealth management goals of our individual and institutional customer base. Our clients have access to a range of services offered through three primary businesses: U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management (U.S. Trust); Columbia Management (Columbia); and Premier Banking and Investments (PB&I). In addition, ALM/Other primarily includes the results of ALM activities.

In December of 2007, we completed the sale of Marsico and realized a pre-tax gain on this transaction of approximately $1.5 billion recognized in All Other. The business results prior to the closing of the Marsico sale are reflected within the Columbia business.

Net income decreased $128 million, or six percent, to $2.1 billion in 2007, due mainly to losses associated with the support provided to certain cash funds managed within Columbia and an increase in noninterest expense.

Net interest income increased $186 million, or five percent, to $3.9 billion driven by the impact of the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition and organic growth in average deposit and loan balances. The growth in balances was partially offset by spread compression and a shift in the deposit product mix. GWIM deposit growth benefited from the migration of customer relationships and related balances from GCSBB, organic growth and the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition. A more detailed discussion regarding migrated customer relationships and related balances is provided in the PB&I discussion.

Noninterest income increased $380 million, or 10 percent, to $4.1 billion driven by an increase in investment and brokerage services of $827 million, or 24 percent. This increase was due to higher AUM primarily attributable to the impact of the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition, net client inflows and favorable market conditions combined with an increase in brokerage activity. Partially offsetting this increase was a decrease in all other income due to losses associated with the support provided to certain cash funds managed within Columbia.

Noninterest expense increased $768 million, or 20 percent, to $4.6 billion driven by the addition of U.S. Trust Corporation, higher revenue-related expenses and increased marketing costs.

Client Assets

The following table presents client assets which consist of AUM, client brokerage assets and assets in custody.

 

 

Client Assets

 

      
    December 31  
(Dollars in millions)   2007        2006  

Assets under management

  $ 643,531        $ 542,977  

Client brokerage assets (1)

    222,661          203,799  

Assets in custody

    167,575          107,902  

Less: Client brokerage assets and assets in custody included in assets under management

    (87,071 )        (67,509 )

Total net client assets

  $ 946,696        $ 787,169  

(1)

Client brokerage assets include non-discretionary brokerage and fee-based assets.

 

AUM increased $100.6 billion, or 19 percent, to $643.5 billion as of December 31, 2007 compared to 2006, driven by the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition, which contributed $115.6 billion, as well as net inflows and market appreciation partially offset by the sale of Marsico, which resulted in a decrease of $60.9 billion. As of December 31, 2007, client brokerage assets increased by $18.9 billion, or nine percent, to $222.7 billion compared to the same period in 2006, driven by increased brokerage activity. Assets in custody increased $59.7 billion, or 55 percent, to $167.6 billion compared to the same period in 2006, driven mainly by U.S. Trust Corporation which contributed $45.0 billion.

U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management

In July 2007, we completed the acquisition of U.S. Trust Corporation for $3.3 billion in cash combining it with The Private Bank and its ultra-wealthy extension, Family Wealth Advisors, to form U.S. Trust. The results of the combined business were reported for periods beginning on July 1, 2007. Prior to July 1, 2007, the results solely reflect that of the former Private Bank. U.S. Trust provides comprehensive wealth management solutions to wealthy and ultra-wealthy clients with investable assets of more than $3 million. In addition, U.S. Trust provides resources and customized solutions to meet clients’ wealth structuring, investment management, trust and banking services as well as specialty asset management services (oil and gas, real estate, farm and ranch, timberland, private businesses and tax advisory). Clients also benefit from access to resources available through the Corporation including capital markets products, large and complex financing solutions, and its extensive banking platform.

Net income increased $17 million, or four percent, compared to 2006, to $467 million due to higher total revenue partially offset by increases in noninterest expense and provision for credit losses. Net interest income increased $134 million due to the acquisition of U.S. Trust Corporation and organic growth in average loans and leases and average deposits. This increase was partially offset by spread compression and the shift in deposit product mix. Growth in noninterest income was driven by a $312 million increase in investment and brokerage services related to acquisitions and organic growth. Noninterest expense increased $359 million to $1.6 billion driven by acquisitions and higher personnel-related expenses.

Columbia Management

Columbia is an asset management business serving the needs of both institutional clients and individual customers. Columbia provides asset management products and services, including mutual funds and separate accounts. Columbia mutual fund offerings provide a broad array of investment strategies and products including equity, fixed income (taxable and nontaxable) and money market (taxable and nontaxable) funds. Columbia distributes its products and services directly to institutional clients, and distributes to individuals through U.S. Trust, PB&I and nonproprietary channels including other brokerage firms.


 

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In December 2007, we completed the sale of Marsico and realized a pre-tax gain on this transaction of approximately $1.5 billion recognized in All Other. The business results prior to the closing of the Marsico sale are reflected within the Columbia business.

Net income decreased $135 million, or 41 percent, to $196 million driven by a decrease of $410 million in all other income. This decrease was due primarily to losses associated with the support provided to certain cash funds. Partially offsetting this decrease was higher investment and brokerage services income of $325 million driven by the contribution from the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition, net client inflows and favorable market conditions.

We provided support to certain cash funds managed within Columbia. The funds for which we provided support typically invest in high quality, short-term securities with a weighted average maturity of 90 days or less, including a limited number of securities issued by SIVs. Due to market disruptions, certain SIV investments were downgraded by the rating agencies and experienced a decline in fair value. We entered into capital commitments which required the Corporation to provide up to $565 million in cash to the funds in the event the net asset value per unit of a fund declines below certain thresholds. The capital commitments expire no later than the third quarter of 2010. At December 31, 2007, losses of $382 million had been recognized and $183 million is still outstanding associated with this capital commitment.

Additionally, we purchased SIV investments from the funds at their fair value of $561 million. Losses of $394 million on these investments were recorded within All Other due to declines in fair value subsequent to the purchase of such securities.

We may from time to time, but are under no obligation to, provide additional support to funds managed within Columbia. Future support, if any, may take the form of additional capital commitments to the funds or the purchase of assets from the funds.

We are not the primary beneficiary of the cash funds and do not consolidate the cash funds managed within Columbia because the subordinated support provided by the Corporation will not absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the funds. The cash funds had total AUM of approximately $189 billion at December 31, 2007.

 

Premier Banking and Investments

PB&I includes Banc of America Investments, our full-service retail brokerage business and our Premier Banking channel. PB&I brings personalized banking and investment expertise through priority service with client-dedicated teams. PB&I provides a high-touch client experience through a network of approximately 5,600 client facing associates to our affluent customers with a personal wealth profile that includes investable assets plus a mortgage that exceeds $500,000 or at least $100,000 of investable assets.

PB&I includes the impact of migrating qualifying affluent customers, including their related deposit balances, from GCSBB to our PB&I model. After migration, the associated net interest income, service charges and noninterest expense is recorded in PB&I. The growth reported in the financial results of PB&I includes both the impact of migration, as well as the impact of incremental organic growth from providing a broader array of financial products and services to PB&I customers. For 2007 and 2006, a total of $11.4 billion and $10.7 billion of deposits were migrated from GCSBB to PB&I.

Net income increased $89 million, or eight percent, to $1.3 billion compared to the same period in 2006 due to an increase in total revenues. Net interest income increased $103 million, or four percent, to $2.7 billion driven by higher average deposit and loan balances partially offset by a shift of the product mix in the deposit portfolio and spread compression. Noninterest income increased $193 million, or 21 percent, to $1.1 billion driven by higher investment and brokerage services income. Noninterest expense increased $140 million, or nine percent, to $1.7 billion primarily due to increases in personnel-related expense driven by the expansion of client facing associates and higher incentives.

The growth in PB&I revenues was nine percent, of which approximately seven percent was attributable to the impact of migration and two percent reflected incremental organic growth.

ALM/Other

ALM/Other primarily includes the results of ALM activities.

Net income decreased $99 million, or 39 percent, to $157 million compared to 2006. The decrease was driven by a $103 million decrease in net interest income due to a reduction in the contribution from ALM activities and an increase in noninterest expense of $87 million.


 

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All Other

 

 

    2007                2006  
(Dollars in millions)   Reported
Basis (1)
       Securitization
Offset (2)
       As Adjusted             Reported
Basis (1)
     Securitization
Offset (2)
     As Adjusted  

Net interest income (3)

  $ (7,701 )      $ 8,027        $ 326             $ (5,930 )    $ 7,593      $ 1,663  

Noninterest income:

                           

Card income

    2,816          (3,356 )        (540 )             3,795        (4,566 )      (771 )

Equity investment income

    3,745                   3,745               2,872               2,872  

Gains (losses) on sales of debt securities

    180                   180               (475 )             (475 )

All other income

    6          288          294                 98        335        433  

Total noninterest income

    6,747          (3,068 )        3,679                 6,290        (4,231 )      2,059  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

    (954 )        4,959          4,005               360        3,362        3,722  

Provision for credit losses

    (5,210 )        4,959          (251 )             (3,494 )      3,362        (132 )

Merger and restructuring charges (4)

    410                   410               805               805  

All other noninterest expense

    (20 )                 (20 )               972               972  

Income before income taxes

    3,866                   3,866               2,077               2,077  

Income tax expense (3)

    947                   947                 577               577  

Net income

  $ 2,919        $        $ 2,919               $ 1,500      $      $ 1,500  

(1)

Provision for credit losses represents the provision for credit losses in All Other combined with the GCSBB securitization offset.

(2)

The securitization offset on net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses.

(3)

FTE basis

(4)

For more information on merger and restructuring charges, see Note 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

GCSBB is reported on a managed basis which includes a “securitization impact” adjustment which has the effect of assuming that loans that have been securitized were not sold and presenting these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold are presented. All Other’s results include a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the impact of these securitized loans in order to present the consolidated results on a GAAP basis (i.e., held basis). See the GCSBB section beginning on page 21 for information on the GCSBB managed results. The following All Other discussion focuses on the results on an as adjusted basis excluding the securitization offset. For additional information, see Note 22 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition to the securitization offset discussed above, All Other includes our Equity Investments businesses and Other.

Equity Investments includes Principal Investing, Corporate Investments and Strategic Investments. Principal Investing is comprised of a diversified portfolio of investments in privately-held and publicly-traded companies at all stages of their life cycle from start-up to buyout. These investments are made either directly in a company or held through a fund and are accounted for at fair value. In addition, Principal Investing has unfunded equity commitments related to some of these investments. For more information on these commitments, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Corporate Investments primarily includes investments in publicly-traded equity securities and funds which are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities. Strategic Investments includes investments of $16.4 billion in CCB, $2.6 billion in Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A. (Santander), $2.6 billion Banco Itaú and other investments. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2007, the shares of CCB are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and carried at fair value with a corresponding net-of-tax offset to accumulated OCI. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2007, these shares were accounted for at cost as they are non-transferable until October 2008. We also hold an option to increase our ownership interest in CCB to 19.1 percent. Additional shares received upon exercise of this option are restricted through August 2011. This option expires in February 2011. The strike price of the option is based on the IPO price that steps up on an annual basis and is currently at 103 percent of the IPO price. The

strike price of the option is capped at 118 percent of the IPO price depending when the option is exercised. Our investment in Santander is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The restricted shares of Banco Itaú are currently carried at cost but, similar to CCB, will be accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and carried at fair value with an offset net-of-tax to accumulated OCI beginning in the second quarter of 2008. Income associated with Equity Investments is recorded in equity investment income.

Other includes the residual impact of the allowance for credit losses and the cost allocation processes, merger and restructuring charges, intersegment eliminations, and the results of certain businesses that are expected to be or have been sold or are in the process of being liquidated. Other also includes certain amounts associated with ALM activities, including the residual impact of funds transfer pricing allocation methodologies, amounts associated with the change in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges of interest rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations that do not qualify for SFAS 133 hedge accounting treatment, foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to SFAS 52 revaluation of foreign denominated debt issuances, certain gains (losses) on sales of whole mortgage loans, and gains (losses) on sales of debt securities. Other also includes adjustments to noninterest income and income tax expense to remove the FTE impact of items (primarily low-income housing tax credits) that have been grossed up within noninterest income to a FTE amount in the business segments.

Net income increased $1.4 billion to $2.9 billion primarily due to an increase in noninterest income combined with decreases in all other noninterest expense, merger and restructuring charges and provision for credit losses partially offset by a decrease in net interest income.

Net interest income decreased $1.3 billion resulting largely from the absence of net interest income due to the sale of the Latin American operations and Hong Kong-based retail and commercial banking business which were included in our 2006 results. Net interest income was also adversely impacted by the implementation of new accounting guidance (FSP 13-2) which decreased net interest income by approximately $230 million.

Noninterest income increased $1.6 billion driven by the $1.5 billion gain from the sale of Marsico. In addition, noninterest income increased


 

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due to higher equity investment income and the absence of a loss of $496 million on the sale of mortgage-backed debt securities which occurred in the prior year. Partially offsetting these items was a $720 million gain on the sale of our Brazilian operations in 2006 and losses in 2007 of $394 million on securities after they were purchased at fair value from certain cash funds managed within GWIM. In addition, all noninterest income line items were impacted by the absence of noninterest income due to the sale of the Latin American operations and Hong Kong-based retail and commercial banking business which were included in our 2006 results.

The following table presents the components of All Other’s equity investment income and a reconciliation to the total consolidated equity investment income for 2007 and 2006.

 

 

Components of Equity Investment Income

 

      
(Dollars in millions)   2007      2006

Principal Investing

  $ 2,217      $ 1,894

Corporate and Strategic Investments

    1,528        978

Total equity investment income included in All Other

    3,745        2,872

Total equity investment income included in the business segments

    319        317

Total consolidated equity investment income

  $ 4,064      $ 3,189

Equity investment income increased $873 million primarily due to the $600 million gain on the sale of private equity funds to Conversus Capital and an increase of $533 million in dividends from CCB, including a special dividend of $184 million prior to CCB’s 2007 share listing. Partially offsetting these increases was a $341 million gain in 2006 recorded on the liquidation of a strategic European investment.

Provision for credit losses decreased $119 million to negative $251 million compared to negative $132 million in 2006, mainly due to reserve reductions from the sale of our Argentina portfolio during the first quarter of 2007 and improved performance of the remaining portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that we have previously exited.

Merger and restructuring charges decreased $395 million to $410 million compared to $805 million for 2006 due to declining integration costs associated with the MBNA acquisition offset by costs associated with the integration of U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle. For additional information on merger and restructuring charges, see Note 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The decrease in all other noninterest expense of $992 million was largely driven by the absence of operating costs after the sale of the Latin America operations and Hong Kong-based retail and commercial banking business which were included in our 2006 results.

Off- and On-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we support our customers’ financing needs by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. In addition, we utilize certain financing arrangements to meet our balance sheet management, funding and liquidity needs. For additional information on our liquidity risk, see Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 41. These activities utilize SPEs, typically in the form of corporations, limited liability companies, or trusts, which raise funds by issuing short-term commercial paper or similar instruments to third party investors. These SPEs typically hold various types of financial assets whose cash flows are the primary source of repayment for the liabilities of the SPEs. Investors have recourse to the assets in the SPE and often benefit from other credit enhancements, such as overcollateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, liquidity facilities, and other arrangements. As a result, the SPEs can typically obtain a favorable credit rating from the rating agencies, resulting in lower financing costs for our customers.


 

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Table 8   Special Purpose Entities Liquidity Exposure (1)

    December 31, 2007
    VIEs        QSPEs       

Total

(Dollars in millions)   Consolidated (2)   Unconsolidated     Unconsolidated    

Corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits

  $ 16,984   $ 47,335     $     $ 64,319

Municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs

    7,359     3,120       7,251       17,730

Collateralized debt obligation vehicles (3)

    3,240     9,026             12,266

Asset acquisition conduits

    1,623     6,399             8,022

Customer-sponsored conduits

        1,724                 1,724

Total liquidity exposure

  $ 29,206   $ 67,604       $ 7,251       $ 104,061
    December 31, 2006
    VIEs        QSPEs       

Total

(Dollars in millions)   Consolidated (2)   Unconsolidated     Unconsolidated       

Corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits

  $ 11,515   $ 29,836     $     $ 41,351

Municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs

    272     48       7,593       7,913

Collateralized debt obligation vehicles

        7,658             7,658

Asset acquisition conduits

    1,083     5,952             7,035

Customer-sponsored conduits

        4,586                 4,586

Total liquidity exposure

  $ 12,870   $ 48,080       $ 7,593       $ 68,543

(1)

Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements is related to this table but only reflects those entities in which we hold a significant variable interest.

(2)

We consolidate VIEs when we are the primary beneficiary that will absorb the majority of the expected losses or expected residual returns of the VIEs or both.

(3)

For additional information on our CDO exposures and related writedowns at December 31, 2007, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 28.

 

We have liquidity agreements, SBLCs or other arrangements with the SPEs, as described below, under which we are obligated to provide funding in the event of a market disruption or other specified event or otherwise provide credit support to the entities (hereinafter referred to as liquidity exposure). We manage our credit risk and any market risk on these arrangements by subjecting them to our normal underwriting and risk management processes. Our credit ratings and changes thereto will affect the borrowing cost and liquidity of these SPEs. In addition, significant changes in counterparty asset valuation and credit standing may also affect the ability of the SPEs to issue commercial paper. The contractual or notional amount of these commitments as presented in Table 8, represents our maximum possible funding obligation and is not, in management’s view, representative of expected losses or funding requirements. From time to time, we may purchase commercial paper issued by these SPEs in connection with market-making activities or for investment purposes. During the second half of 2007, there were instances in which the asset-backed commercial paper market became illiquid due to market perceptions of uncertainty and certain investment activities were affected. As a result, at December 31, 2007, we held $6.6 billion of commercial paper on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet that was issued in connection with our liquidity obligations to unconsolidated CDOs summarized in the table above. At December 31, 2006, we held $123 million of commercial paper issued by the SPEs included in the table above.

The table above presents our liquidity exposure to these consolidated and unconsolidated SPEs, which include VIEs and QSPEs. VIEs are SPEs which lack sufficient equity at risk or whose equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest. QSPEs are SPEs whose activities are strictly limited to holding and servicing financial assets. Some, but not all, of the liquidity commitments to VIEs are considered to be significant variable interests and are disclosed in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Those liquidity commitments that are not significant variable interests are not required to be included in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

At December 31, 2007 the Corporation’s total liquidity exposure to SPEs was $104.1 billion, an increase of $35.5 billion from December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to increases in corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits and municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs. The increase of $23.0 billion in corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits was primarily due to organic growth in the business. The increase of $9.8 billion in municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs was mainly due to the acquisition of LaSalle.

Corporation-Sponsored Multi-Seller Conduits

We administer three multi-seller conduits which provide a low-cost funding alternative to our customers by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. Our customers sell or otherwise transfer assets to the conduits, which in turn issue high-grade, short-term commercial paper that is collateralized by the underlying assets. We receive fees for providing combinations of liquidity and SBLCs or similar loss protection commitments to the conduits. These commitments represent significant variable interests in the SPEs, which are discussed in more detail in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Third parties participate in a small number of the liquidity facilities on a pari passu basis with the Corporation.

At December 31, 2007, our liquidity commitments to the conduits were collateralized by various classes of assets. Assets held in the conduits incorporate features such as overcollateralization and cash reserves which are designed to provide credit support at a level that is equivalent to an investment grade as determined in accordance with internal risk rating guidelines. During 2007, there were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets.

We are the primary beneficiary of one conduit which is included in our Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2007, our liquidity commitments to this conduit were collateralized by credit card loans (21 percent), auto loans (14 percent), equipment loans (13 percent), and student loans (eight percent). None of these assets are subprime residential mortgages. In addition, 29 percent of our commitments were


 

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collateralized by projected cash flows from long-term contracts (e.g., television broadcast contracts, stadium revenues and royalty payments) which, as mentioned above, incorporate features that provide credit support at a level equivalent to an investment grade. At December 31, 2007, the weighted average life of assets in the consolidated conduit was 5.4 years and the weighted average maturity of commercial paper issued by this conduit was 40 days. Assets of the Corporation are not available to pay creditors of the consolidated conduit except to the extent the Corporation may be obligated to perform under the liquidity commitments and SBLCs. Assets of the consolidated conduit are not available to pay creditors of the Corporation.

We do not consolidate the other two conduits as we do not expect to absorb a majority of the variability of the conduits. At December 31, 2007, our liquidity commitments to the unconsolidated conduits were collateralized by student loans (27 percent), credit card loans and trade receivables (10 percent each), and auto loans (eight percent). Less than one percent of these assets are subprime residential mortgages. In addition, 29 percent of our commitments were collateralized by the conduits’ short-term lending arrangements with investment funds, primarily real estate funds, which as mentioned above, incorporate features that provide credit support at a level equivalent to an investment grade. Amounts advanced under these arrangements will be repaid when the investment funds issue capital calls to their qualified equity investors. At December 31, 2007, the weighted average life of assets in the unconsolidated conduits was 2.6 years and the weighted average maturity of commercial paper issued by these conduits was 36 days.

The liquidity commitments and SBLCs provided to unconsolidated conduits are included in Table 10 in the Obligations and Commitments section beginning on page 38. We have no other contractual obligations to the unconsolidated conduits, nor do we intend to provide noncontractual or other forms of support.

On a combined basis, the unconsolidated conduits issued approximately $27 million of capital notes and equity interests to third parties. This represents the maximum amount of loss that would be absorbed by the third party investors. Based on an analysis of projected cash flows, we have determined that the Corporation will not absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the conduits.

Despite the market disruptions in the second half of 2007, the conduits did not experience any material difficulties in issuing commercial paper. The Corporation did not purchase any commercial paper issued by the conduits other than incidentally and in its role as commercial paper dealer.

Municipal Bond Trusts and Corporate SPEs

We have provided a total of $17.7 billion and $7.9 billion in liquidity support to municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs at December 31, 2007 and 2006. We administer municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds, some of which are callable prior to maturity, for which we provided liquidity support of $13.4 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006. In addition, we administer several conduits to which we provided $4.3 billion and $5.3 billion of liquidity support at December 31, 2007 and 2006.

As it relates to the municipal bond trusts the weighted average remaining life of the bonds at December 31, 2007 was 20.8 years. Substantially all of the bonds are rated AAA or AA and some of the bonds benefit from being wrapped by monolines. There were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets or issuers during 2007. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly basis to third party investors. The floating-rate investors have the right to

tender the certificates at any time upon seven days notice. We serve as remarketing agent and liquidity provider for the trusts. Should we be unable to remarket the tendered certificates, we are generally obligated to purchase them at par. We are not obligated to purchase the certificate if a bond’s credit rating declines below investment grade or in the event of certain defaults or bankruptcy of the issuer and/or insurer. The total notional amount of floating-rate certificates for which we provide liquidity support was $13.4 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006. Some of these trusts are QSPEs. We consolidate those trusts that are not QSPEs if we hold the residual interest or otherwise expect to absorb a majority of the variability of the trusts. We have $6.1 billion of liquidity commitments to unconsolidated trusts at December 31, 2007, which are included in Table 10 in the Obligations and Commitments section beginning on page 38.

Assets of the other corporate conduits consisted primarily of high-grade, long-term municipal, corporate, and mortgage-backed securities which had a weighted average remaining life of approximately 7.5 years at December 31, 2007. Substantially all of the securities are rated AAA or AA and some of the bonds benefit from being wrapped by monolines. There were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets or insurers during 2007. These conduits, which are QSPEs, obtain funding by issuing commercial paper to third party investors. At December 31, 2007, the weighted average maturity of the commercial paper was 25 days. We have entered into derivative contracts which provide interest rate, currency and a pre-specified amount of credit protection to the entities in exchange for the commercial paper rate. In addition, we may be obligated to purchase assets from the vehicles if the assets or insurers are downgraded. If an asset’s rating declines below a certain investment quality as evidenced by its credit rating or defaults, we are no longer exposed to the risk of loss. Due to the market disruptions during the second half of 2007, these conduits began to experience difficulties in issuing commercial paper as credit spreads widened. On occasion, including in the first quarter of 2008, we held some of the issued commercial paper when marketing attempts were unsuccessful. In the event that we are unable to remarket the conduits’ commercial paper such that it no longer qualifies as a QSPE, we would consolidate the conduit which may have an adverse impact on the fair value of the related derivative contracts. At December 31, 2007 we did not hold any commercial paper issued by the conduits.

We have no other contractual obligations to the unconsolidated bond trusts and conduits described above, nor do we intend to provide noncontractual or other forms of support.

Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on QSPEs, see Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on our monoline exposure, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 54.

Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles

CDOs are SPEs that hold diversified pools of fixed income securities. They issue multiple tranches of debt securities, including commercial paper and equity securities. We receive fees for structuring the CDOs and/or placing debt securities with third party investors. We provided total liquidity support of $12.3 billion and $7.7 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006 consisting of $10.0 billion and $2.1 billion of written put options and $2.3 billion and $5.5 billion of other forms of liquidity support.

At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we provided liquidity support in the form of written put options on $10.0 billion and $2.1 billion of commercial paper issued by CDOs, including $3.2 billion issued by a consolidated CDO at December 31, 2007. No third parties provide similar


 

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commitments to these CDOs. The commercial paper is the most senior class of securities issued by the CDOs and benefits from the subordination of all other securities, including AAA-rated securities. The amount that is principally backed by subprime residential mortgage exposure (net of insurance and prior to writedowns) totaled $7.4 billion. This amount included approximately $2.8 billion of high grade ABS, $4.2 billion of CDOs-squared, of which $3.2 billion were consolidated, and $363 million of mezzanine ABS.

The commercial paper subject to the put options is the most senior class of securities issued by the CDOs and benefits from the subordination of all other securities, including AAA-rated securities. We are obligated under the written put options to provide funding to the CDOs by purchasing the commercial paper at predetermined contractual yields in the event of a severe disruption in the short-term funding market as evidenced by the inability of the CDOs to issue commercial paper at spreads below a predetermined rate.

Prior to the second half of 2007, we believed that the likelihood of our experiencing an economic loss as the result of our obligations under the written put options was remote. However, due to severe market disruptions during the second half of 2007, the CDOs holding the put options began to experience difficulties in issuing commercial paper. Shortly thereafter, a significant portion of the assets held in these CDOs were downgraded or threatened with downgrade by the rating agencies. As a result of these factors, we began to purchase commercial paper that could not be issued to third parties at less than the contractual yield specified in our liquidity obligations. See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the written put options. These written put options are recorded as derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in trading account profits (losses). Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We also administer a CDO conduit that obtains funds by issuing commercial paper to third party investors. The conduit held $2.3 billion and $5.5 billion of assets at December 31, 2007 and 2006 consisting of super senior tranches of debt securities issued by other CDOs, none of which are principally backed by subprime residential mortgages at December 31, 2007. We provide liquidity support equal to the amount of assets in this conduit which obligates us to purchase the commercial paper at a predetermined contractual yield in the event of a severe disruption in the short-term funding market as evidenced by the inability of the conduit to issue commercial paper at spreads below a predetermined rate. In addition, we are obligated to purchase assets from the conduit or absorb market losses on the sale of assets in the event of a downgrade or decline in credit quality of the assets. Our $2.3 billion liquidity commitment to the conduit at December 31, 2007 is included in Table 10 in the Obligations and Commitments section. We are the sole provider of liquidity to the CDO vehicle.

During the fourth quarter of 2007, as contractually allowed in our role as conduit administrator, the Corporation removed certain assets from the CDO conduit due to a decline in credit quality. The CDO conduit also began to experience difficulties in issuing commercial paper due to market disruptions during the second half of 2007, and we began to purchase commercial paper that could not be issued to third parties at less than the contractual yield specified in our liquidity obligations.

At December 31, 2007, we held $6.6 billion of commercial paper on the balance sheet that was issued by unconsolidated CDO vehicles of which $5.0 billion related to the written put options and $1.6 billion related to other liquidity support. We also held AFS debt securities in

consolidated CDO vehicles with a fair value of $2.8 billion that were principally related to certain assets that were removed from the CDO conduit, as discussed above. We recorded losses of $3.2 billion, net of insurance, in trading account profits (losses) in 2007 of which $2.7 billion related to written put options and $519 million related to other liquidity support. These losses are included in the $4.0 billion of net writedowns on super senior CDO exposure which is discussed in more detail beginning on page 28.

Asset Acquisition Conduits

We administer two unconsolidated conduits which acquire assets on behalf of our customers. The return on the assets held in the conduits, which consist principally of liquid exchange-traded securities and some leveraged loans, is passed through to our customers through a series of derivative contracts. We consolidate a third conduit which holds subordinated debt securities for our benefit. These conduits obtain funding through the issuance of commercial paper and subordinated certificates to third party investors. Repayment of the commercial paper and certificates is assured by derivative contracts between the Corporation and the conduits, and we are reimbursed through the derivative contracts with our customers. Our performance under the derivatives is collateralized by the underlying assets. Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Despite the market disruptions in the second half of 2007, the conduits did not experience any material difficulties in issuing commercial paper. The Corporation did not hold a significant amount of commercial paper issued by the conduits at any time during 2007. At December 31, 2007, the weighted average life of commercial paper issued by the conduits was 34 days.

We have no other contractual obligations to the conduits described above, nor do we intend to provide noncontractual or other forms of support.

Customer-Sponsored Conduits

We provide liquidity facilities to conduits that are sponsored by our customers and which provide them with direct access to the commercial paper market. We are typically one of several liquidity providers for a customer’s conduit. We do not provide SBLCs or other forms of credit enhancement to these conduits. Assets of these conduits consist primarily of auto loans, student loans and credit card receivables. The liquidity commitments benefit from structural protections which vary depending upon the program, but given these protections, the exposures are viewed to be of investment grade quality.

These commitments are included in Table 10 in the Obligations and Commitments section. As we typically provide less than 20 percent of the total liquidity commitments to these conduits and do not provide other forms of support, we have concluded that we do not hold a significant variable interest in the conduits and they are not included in our discussion of VIEs in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Obligations and Commitments

We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements whereby we commit to future purchases of products or services from unaffiliated parties. Obligations that are legally binding agreements whereby we agree to purchase products or services with a specific minimum quantity defined at a fixed, minimum or variable price over a specified period of time are defined as purchase obligations.


 

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Included in purchase obligations are vendor contracts of $4.9 billion, commitments to purchase securities of $3.7 billion and commitments to purchase loans of $27.1 billion. The most significant of our vendor contracts include communication services, processing services and software contracts. Other long-term liabilities include our contractual funding obligations related to the Qualified Pension Plans, Nonqualified Pension Plans and Postretirement Health and Life Plans (the Plans). Obligations to the Plans are based on the current and projected obligations of the Plans, performance of the Plans’ assets and any participant contributions, if applicable. During 2007 and 2006, we contributed $243 million and $2.6 billion to the Plans, and we expect to make at least $206 million of con-

tributions during 2008. The following table does not include UTBs of $3.1 billion associated with FIN 48 and tax-related interest and penalties of $573 million.

Debt, lease, equity and other obligations are more fully discussed in Note 12 – Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt and Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Plans and UTBs are more fully discussed in Note 16 – Employee Benefit Plans and Note 18 – Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table 9 presents total long-term debt and other obligations at December 31, 2007.


 

 

Table 9   Long-term Debt and Other Obligations

    December 31, 2007
(Dollars in millions)  

Due in 1 year

or less

     Due after 1 year
through 3 years
     Due after 3 years
through 5 years
     Due
after 5
years
     Total

Long-term debt and capital leases

  $ 30,435      $ 50,693      $ 28,115      $ 88,265      $ 197,508

Purchase obligations (1)

    12,266        21,994        624        842        35,726

Operating lease obligations

    2,049        3,405        2,480        8,151        16,085

Other long-term liabilities

    493        694        432        480        2,099

Total long-term debt and other obligations

  $ 45,243      $ 76,786      $ 31,651      $ 97,738      $ 251,418

(1)

Obligations that are legally binding agreements whereby we agree to purchase products or services with a specific minimum quantity defined at a fixed, minimum or variable price over a specified period of time are defined as purchase obligations.

 

Many of our lending relationships contain funded and unfunded elements. The funded portion is reflected on our balance sheet. For lending relationships carried at historical cost, the unfunded component of these commitments is not recorded on our balance sheet until a draw is made under the credit facility; however, a reserve is established for probable losses. For lending commitments for which we have elected to account for under SFAS 159, the fair value of the commitment is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Corporation also manages certain concentrations of commitments (e.g., bridge financing) through its established “originate to distribute” strategy.

For more information on these commitments and guarantees, including equity commitments, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on the adoption of SFAS 159, see Note 19 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We enter into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, SBLCs and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of our customers. The table below summarizes the total unfunded, or off-balance sheet, credit extension commitment amounts by expiration date. At December 31, 2007, the unfunded lending commitments related to charge cards (nonrevolving card lines) to individuals and government entities guaranteed by the U.S. Government in the amount of $9.9 billion (related outstandings of $193 million) were not included in credit card line commitments in the table below.

Other Commitments

We provided support to cash funds managed within GWIM by purchasing certain assets at fair value and by committing to provide a limited amount of capital to the funds. For more information, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


 

 

 

Table 10  Credit Extension Commitments

    December 31, 2007
(Dollars in millions)  

Expires in 1

year or less

     Expires after 1
year through
3 years
     Expires after 3
years through
5 years
    

Expires after

5 years

     Total

Loan commitments

  $ 178,931      $ 92,153      $ 106,904      $ 27,902      $ 405,890

Home equity lines of credit

    8,482        1,828        2,758        107,055        120,123

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

    31,629        14,493        7,943        8,731        62,796

Commercial letters of credit

    3,753        50        33        717        4,553

Legally binding commitments (1)

    222,795        108,524        117,638        144,405        593,362

Credit card lines

    876,393        17,864                      894,257

Total credit extension commitments

  $ 1,099,188      $ 126,388      $ 117,638      $ 144,405      $ 1,487,619

(1)

Includes commitments of $47.3 billion to corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits, $2.3 billion to CDOs, $6.1 billion to municipal bond trusts and $1.7 billion to customer-sponsored conduits at December 31, 2007.

 

 

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Managing Risk

Overview

Our management governance structure enables us to manage all major aspects of our business through an integrated planning and review process that includes strategic, financial, associate, customer and risk planning. We derive much of our revenue from managing risk from customer transactions for profit. In addition to qualitative factors, we utilize quantitative measures to optimize risk and reward trade offs in order to achieve growth targets and financial objectives while reducing the variability of earnings and minimizing unexpected losses. Risk metrics that allow us to measure performance include economic capital targets and corporate risk limits. By allocating economic capital to a line of business, we effectively manage that business’s ability to take on risk. Review and approval of business plans incorporate approval of economic capital allocation, and economic capital usage is monitored through financial and risk reporting. Industry, country, trading, asset allocation and other limits supplement the allocation of economic capital. These limits are based on an analysis of risk and reward in each line of business and management is responsible for tracking and reporting performance measurements as well as any exceptions to guidelines or limits. Our risk management process continually evaluates risk and appropriate metrics needed to measure it.

Our business exposes us to the following major risks: strategic, liquidity, credit, market and operational risk. Strategic risk is the risk that adverse business decisions, ineffective or inappropriate business plans or failure to respond to changes in the competitive environment, business cycles, customer preferences, product obsolescence, execution and/or other intrinsic risks of business will impact our ability to meet our objectives. Liquidity risk is the inability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, fund asset growth and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from a borrower’s or counterparty’s inability to meet its obligations. Market risk is the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions, such as interest rate movements. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or external events. The following sections, Strategic Risk Management on page 41, Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 41, Credit Risk Management beginning on page 44, Market Risk Management beginning on page 61 and Operational Risk Management beginning on page 68, address in more detail the specific procedures, measures and analyses of the major categories of risk that we manage.

Risk Management Processes and Methods

We have established and continually enhance control processes and use various methods to align risk-taking and risk management throughout our organization. These control processes and methods are designed around “three lines of defense”: lines of business, enterprise functions and Corporate Audit.

The lines of business are the first line of defense and are responsible for identifying, quantifying, mitigating and monitoring all risks within their lines of business, while certain enterprise-wide risks are managed centrally. For example, except for trading-related business activities, interest rate risk associated with our business activities is managed centrally as part of our ALM activities. Line of business management makes and executes the business plan and is closest to the changing nature of risks

and, therefore, we believe is best able to take actions to manage and mitigate those risks. Our lines of business prepare periodic self-assessment reports to identify the status of risk issues, including mitigation plans, if appropriate. These reports roll up to executive management to ensure appropriate risk management and oversight, and to identify enterprise-wide issues. Our management processes, structures and policies aid us in complying with laws and regulations and provide clear lines for decision-making and accountability. Wherever practical, we attempt to house decision-making authority as close to the transaction as possible while retaining supervisory control functions from both in and outside of the lines of business.

The key elements of the second line of defense are Risk Management, Compliance, Finance, Global Technology and Operations, Human Resources, and Legal functions. These groups are independent of the lines of businesses and are organized on both a line of business and enterprise-wide basis. For example, for Risk Management, a senior risk executive is assigned to each of the lines of business and is responsible for the oversight of all the risks associated with that line of business. Enterprise-level risk executives have responsibility to develop and implement polices and practices to assess and manage enterprise-wide credit, market and operational risks.

Corporate Audit, the third line of defense, provides an independent assessment of our management and internal control systems. Corporate Audit activities are designed to provide reasonable assurance that resources are adequately protected; significant financial, managerial and operating information is materially complete, accurate and reliable; and employees’ actions are in compliance with corporate policies, standards, procedures, and applicable laws and regulations.

We use various methods to manage risks at the line of business levels and corporate-wide. Examples of these methods include planning and forecasting, risk committees and forums, limits, models, and hedging strategies. Planning and forecasting facilitates analysis of actual versus planned results and provides an indication of unanticipated risk levels. Generally, risk committees and forums are composed of lines of business, risk management, treasury, compliance, legal and finance personnel, among others, who actively monitor performance against plan, limits, potential issues, and introduction of new products. Limits, the amount of exposure that may be taken in a product, relationship, region or industry, seek to align corporate-wide risk goals with those of each line of business and are part of our overall risk management process to help reduce the volatility of market, credit and operational losses. Models are used to estimate market value and net interest income sensitivity, and to estimate expected and unexpected losses for each product and line of business, where appropriate. Hedging strategies are used to manage the risk of borrower or counterparty concentration risk and to manage market risk in the portfolio.

The formal processes used to manage risk represent only one portion of our overall risk management process. Corporate culture and the actions of our associates are also critical to effective risk management. Through our Code of Ethics, we set a high standard for our associates. The Code of Ethics provides a framework for all of our associates to conduct themselves with the highest integrity in the delivery of our products or services to our customers. We instill a risk-conscious culture through communications, training, policies, procedures, and organizational roles and responsibilities. Additionally, we continue to strengthen the linkage between the associate performance management process and individual compensation to encourage associates to work toward corporate-wide risk goals.


 

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Oversight

The Board oversees the risk management of the Corporation through its committees, management committees and the Chief Executive Officer. The Board’s Audit Committee monitors (1) the effectiveness of our internal controls, (2) the integrity of our Consolidated Financial Statements and (3) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. In addition, the Audit Committee oversees the internal audit function and the independent registered public accountant. The Board’s Asset Quality Committee oversees credit risks and related topics that may impact our assets and earnings. The Finance Committee, a management committee, oversees the development and performance of the policies and strategies for managing the strategic, credit, market, and operational risks to our earnings and capital. The Asset Liability Committee (ALCO), a subcommittee of the Finance Committee, oversees our policies and processes designed to assure sound market risk and balance sheet management. The Global Markets Risk Committee (GRC) has been designated by ALCO as the primary governance authority for Global Markets Risk Management. The Compliance and Operational Risk Committee, a subcommittee of the Finance Committee, oversees our policies and processes designed to assure sound operational and compliance risk management. The Credit Risk Committee (CRC), a subcommittee of the Finance Committee, oversees and approves our adherence to sound credit risk management policies and practices. Certain CRC approvals are subject to the oversight of the Board’s Asset Quality Committee. The Executive Management Team (i.e., Chief Executive Officer and select executives of the management team) reviews our corporate strategies and objectives, evaluates business performance, and reviews business plans including economic capital allocations to the Corporation and lines of business. Management continues to direct corporate-wide efforts to address the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s new risk-based capital standards (Basel II). The Audit Committee and Finance Committee oversee management’s plans to comply with Basel II. For additional information, see the Basel II discussion on page 43 and Note 15 – Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Strategic Risk Management

Strategic risk is the risk that adverse business decisions, ineffective or inappropriate business plans, or failure to respond to changes in the competitive environment, business cycles, customer preferences, product obsolescence, execution and/or other intrinsic risks of business will impact our ability to meet our objectives. We use an integrated planning process to help manage strategic risk. A key component of the planning process aligns strategies, goals, tactics and resources throughout the enterprise. The process begins with the creation of a corporate-wide business plan which incorporates an assessment of the strategic risks. This business plan establishes the corporate strategic direction. The planning process then cascades through the lines of business, creating business line plans that are aligned with the Corporation’s strategic direction. At each level, tactics and metrics are identified to measure success in achieving goals and assure adherence to the plans. As part of this process, the lines of business continuously evaluate the impact of changing market and business conditions, and the overall risk in meeting objectives. See the Operational Risk Management section beginning on

page 68 for a further description of this process. Corporate Audit in turn monitors, and independently reviews and evaluates, the plans and measurement processes.

One of the key tools we use to manage strategic risk is economic capital allocation. Through the economic capital allocation process, we effectively manage each line of business’s ability to take on risk. Review and approval of business plans incorporate approval of economic capital allocation, and economic capital usage is monitored through financial and risk reporting. Economic capital allocation plans for the lines of business are incorporated into the Corporation’s operating plan that is approved by the Board on an annual basis.

Liquidity Risk and Capital Management

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity is the ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, fund asset growth and business operations, and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates. Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet the needs and accommodate fluctuations in asset and liability levels due to changes in our business operations or unanticipated events. Sources of liquidity include deposits and other customer-based funding, and wholesale market-based funding.

We manage liquidity at two levels. The first is the liquidity of the parent company, which is the holding company that owns the banking and nonbanking subsidiaries. The second is the liquidity of the banking subsidiaries. The management of liquidity at both levels is essential because the parent company and banking subsidiaries have different funding needs and sources, and are subject to certain regulatory guidelines and requirements. Through ALCO, the Finance Committee is responsible for establishing our liquidity policy as well as approving operating and contingency procedures, and monitoring liquidity on an ongoing basis. Corporate Treasury is responsible for planning and executing our funding activities and strategy.

In order to ensure adequate liquidity through the full range of potential operating environments and market conditions, we conduct our liquidity management and business activities in a manner that will preserve and enhance funding stability, flexibility and diversity. Key components of this operating strategy include a strong focus on customer-based funding, maintaining direct relationships with wholesale market funding providers, and maintaining the ability to liquefy certain assets when, and if, requirements warrant.

We develop and maintain contingency funding plans for both the parent company and bank liquidity positions. These plans evaluate our liquidity position under various operating circumstances and allow us to ensure that we would be able to operate through a period of stress when access to normal sources of funding is constrained. The plans project funding requirements during a potential period of stress, specify and quantify sources of liquidity, outline actions and procedures for effectively managing through the problem period, and define roles and responsibilities. They are reviewed and approved annually by ALCO.


 

Bank of America 2007   41


Table of Contents

 

Our borrowing costs and ability to raise funds are directly impacted by our credit ratings. The credit ratings of Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America, N.A. are reflected in the table below.

 

 

Table 11  Credit Ratings

    December 31, 2007
    Bank of America Corporation           Bank of America, N.A.
    Senior Debt     

Subordinated

Debt

    

Commercial

Paper

      

Short-term

Borrowings

    

Long-term

Debt

Moody’s Investors Service

  Aa1      Aa2      P-1        P-1      Aaa

Standard & Poor’s

  AA      AA-      A-1+        A-1+      AA+

Fitch Ratings

  AA      AA-      F1+          F1+      AA

 

Under normal business conditions, primary sources of funding for the parent company include dividends received from its banking and nonbanking subsidiaries, and proceeds from the issuance of senior and subordinated debt, as well as commercial paper and equity. Primary uses of funds for the parent company include repayment of maturing debt and commercial paper, share repurchases, dividends paid to shareholders, and subsidiary funding through capital or debt.

The parent company maintains a cushion of excess liquidity that would be sufficient to fully fund the holding company and nonbank affiliate operations for an extended period during which funding from normal sources is disrupted. The primary measure used to assess the parent company’s liquidity is the “Time to Required Funding” during such a period of liquidity disruption. This measure assumes that the parent company is unable to generate funds from debt or equity issuance, receives no dividend income from subsidiaries, and no longer pays dividends to shareholders while continuing to meet nondiscretionary uses needed to maintain bank operations and repayment of contractual principal and interest payments owed by the parent company and affiliated companies. Under this scenario, the amount of time the parent company and its nonbank subsidiaries can operate and meet all obligations before the current liquid assets are exhausted is considered the “Time to Required Funding.” ALCO approves the target range set for this metric, in months, and monitors adherence to the target. Maintaining excess parent company cash ensures that “Time to Required Funding” remains in the target range of 21 to 27 months and is the primary driver of the timing and amount of the Corporation’s debt issuances. As of December 31, 2007 “Time to Required Funding” was 19 months compared to 24 months at December 31, 2006. The reduction reflects the funding of the LaSalle acquisition for $21.0 billion in cash which closed on October 1, 2007. We had anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2007 that the “Time to Required Funding” would decrease slightly below our target range as a result of the funding of the LaSalle acquisition. We anticipate returning to our target range in 2008 due in part to the issuance of preferred stock in the first quarter of 2008. For additional information on our recent preferred stock issuances, see the Preferred Stock discussion on page 44.

The primary sources of funding for our banking subsidiaries include customer deposits and wholesale market–based funding. Primary uses of funds for the banking subsidiaries include growth in the core asset portfolios, including loan demand, and in the ALM portfolio. We use the ALM portfolio primarily to manage interest rate risk and liquidity risk.

One ratio that can be used to monitor the stability of funding composition is the “loan to domestic deposit” ratio. This ratio reflects the percent of loans and leases that are funded by domestic core deposits, a relatively stable funding source. A ratio below 100 percent indicates that our loan portfolio is completely funded by domestic core deposits. The ratio was 127 percent at December 31, 2007 compared to 118 percent at

December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to organic growth in the loan and lease portfolio, and a decision to retain a larger share of mortgage production on the Corporation’s balance sheet.

The strength of our balance sheet is a result of rigorous financial and risk discipline. Our core deposit base, which is a low cost funding source, is often used to fund the purchase of incremental assets (primarily loans and securities), the composition of which impacts our loan to deposit ratio. Mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans have prepayment risk which must be managed. Repricing of deposits is a key variable in this process. The capital generated in excess of capital adequacy targets and to support business growth, is available for the payment of dividends and share repurchases.

ALCO determines prudent parameters for wholesale market-based borrowing and regularly reviews the funding plan for the bank subsidiaries to ensure compliance with these parameters. The contingency funding plan for the banking subsidiaries evaluates liquidity over a 12-month period in a variety of business environment scenarios assuming different levels of earnings performance and credit ratings as well as public and investor relations factors. Funding exposure related to our role as liquidity provider to certain off-balance sheet financing entities is also measured under a stress scenario. In this analysis, ratings are downgraded such that the off-balance sheet financing entities are not able to issue commercial paper and backup facilities that we provide are drawn upon. In addition, potential draws on credit facilities to issuers with ratings below a certain level are analyzed to assess potential funding exposure.