10-Q
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
|
|
|
þ |
|
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2011
OR
|
|
|
o |
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number 001-33368
Glu Mobile Inc.
(Exact name of the Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
|
|
|
Delaware
|
|
91-2143667 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
|
|
(I.R.S. Employer |
Incorporation or Organization)
|
|
Identification No.) |
45 Fremont Street, Suite 2800
San Francisco, California 94105
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
(415) 800-6100
(Registrants Telephone number, including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Large accelerated filer o
|
|
Accelerated filer o
|
|
Non-accelerated filer þ
|
|
Smaller reporting company o |
|
|
|
|
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
|
|
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Shares of Glu Mobile Inc. common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding as of October
31, 2011: 63,698,619.
GLU MOBILE INC.
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
ITEM 1. |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
GLU MOBILE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
36,869 |
|
|
$ |
12,863 |
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
|
9,963 |
|
|
|
10,660 |
|
Prepaid royalties |
|
|
679 |
|
|
|
2,468 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other |
|
|
4,027 |
|
|
|
2,557 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets |
|
|
51,538 |
|
|
|
28,548 |
|
Property and equipment, net |
|
|
3,871 |
|
|
|
2,134 |
|
Other long-term assets |
|
|
575 |
|
|
|
574 |
|
Intangible assets, net |
|
|
12,107 |
|
|
|
8,794 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
21,966 |
|
|
|
4,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
$ |
90,057 |
|
|
$ |
44,816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
7,368 |
|
|
$ |
5,666 |
|
Accrued liabilities |
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
939 |
|
Accrued compensation |
|
|
4,858 |
|
|
|
4,414 |
|
Accrued royalties |
|
|
4,494 |
|
|
|
7,234 |
|
Accrued restructuring |
|
|
1,297 |
|
|
|
1,689 |
|
Deferred revenues |
|
|
2,393 |
|
|
|
842 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
21,466 |
|
|
|
23,072 |
|
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
10,423 |
|
|
|
7,859 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
31,889 |
|
|
|
30,931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010;
no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.0001 par value: 250,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010;
63,645 and 44,585 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
|
259,697 |
|
|
|
203,464 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
1,159 |
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
|
(201,824 |
) |
|
|
(190,742 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity |
|
|
58,168 |
|
|
|
13,885 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
|
$ |
90,057 |
|
|
$ |
44,816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
3
GLU MOBILE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
16,905 |
|
|
$ |
15,468 |
|
|
$ |
51,011 |
|
|
$ |
48,709 |
|
Cost of revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties and impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees |
|
|
3,383 |
|
|
|
3,934 |
|
|
|
10,344 |
|
|
|
13,568 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
2,375 |
|
|
|
1,009 |
|
|
|
3,895 |
|
|
|
3,243 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenues |
|
|
5,758 |
|
|
|
4,943 |
|
|
|
14,239 |
|
|
|
16,811 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
11,147 |
|
|
|
10,525 |
|
|
|
36,772 |
|
|
|
31,898 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
|
|
10,808 |
|
|
|
5,858 |
|
|
|
26,413 |
|
|
|
18,748 |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
|
3,576 |
|
|
|
2,692 |
|
|
|
10,677 |
|
|
|
8,100 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
3,748 |
|
|
|
3,107 |
|
|
|
10,188 |
|
|
|
9,972 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
330 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
330 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
Restructuring charge |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
637 |
|
|
|
1,287 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses |
|
|
18,462 |
|
|
|
11,710 |
|
|
|
48,245 |
|
|
|
38,267 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations |
|
|
(7,315 |
) |
|
|
(1,185 |
) |
|
|
(11,473 |
) |
|
|
(6,369 |
) |
Interest and other income/(expense), net: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
|
(539 |
) |
Other income/(expense), net |
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
892 |
|
|
|
(586 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and other income/(expense), net |
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
853 |
|
|
|
(1,105 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
|
(6,971 |
) |
|
|
(1,099 |
) |
|
|
(10,620 |
) |
|
|
(7,474 |
) |
Income tax benefit/(provision) |
|
|
813 |
|
|
|
(504 |
) |
|
|
(462 |
) |
|
|
(1,003 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(6,158 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,603 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,082 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,477 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.04 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.20 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.26 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic and
diluted |
|
|
60,461 |
|
|
|
36,042 |
|
|
|
55,699 |
|
|
|
32,392 |
|
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
GLU MOBILE INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(11,082 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,477 |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used
in)/provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and accretion |
|
|
1,303 |
|
|
|
1,561 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
4,225 |
|
|
|
3,403 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
1,740 |
|
|
|
1,229 |
|
Change in fair value of Blammo earnout |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Interest expense on debt |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
407 |
|
Amortization of loan agreement costs |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
132 |
|
Non-cash foreign currency remeasurement (gain)/loss |
|
|
(905 |
) |
|
|
584 |
|
Impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees |
|
|
531 |
|
|
|
663 |
|
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
326 |
|
|
|
(53 |
) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
1,996 |
|
|
|
6,050 |
|
Prepaid royalties |
|
|
1,262 |
|
|
|
2,966 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
|
|
(107 |
) |
|
|
(713 |
) |
Accounts payable |
|
|
961 |
|
|
|
(730 |
) |
Other accrued liabilities |
|
|
(67 |
) |
|
|
(1,137 |
) |
Accrued compensation |
|
|
433 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
Accrued royalties |
|
|
(2,783 |
) |
|
|
(4,378 |
) |
Deferred revenues |
|
|
1,451 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
Accrued restructuring charge |
|
|
(1,165 |
) |
|
|
(586 |
) |
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
(483 |
) |
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities |
|
|
(2,470 |
) |
|
|
2,569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
|
(1,972 |
) |
|
|
(517 |
) |
Net cash received from acquisitions |
|
|
10,342 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities |
|
|
8,370 |
|
|
|
(517 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from line of credit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,457 |
|
Payments on line of credit |
|
|
(2,288 |
) |
|
|
(34,548 |
) |
Net proceeds from Public Offering |
|
|
15,661 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net proceeds from Private Placement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,297 |
|
MIG loan payments |
|
|
(698 |
) |
|
|
(7,239 |
) |
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and issuance of common stock |
|
|
3,572 |
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and ESPP |
|
|
1,872 |
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
18,119 |
|
|
|
3,569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(242 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
24,006 |
|
|
|
5,379 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
|
12,863 |
|
|
|
10,510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
|
$ |
36,869 |
|
|
$ |
15,889 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock issued for the acquisitions of Griptonite and Blammo |
|
$ |
33,158 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
The accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements.
5
GLU MOBILE INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data)
Note 1 The Company, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Glu Mobile Inc. (the Company or Glu) was incorporated in Nevada in May 2001 and
reincorporated in the state of Delaware in March 2007. The Company creates mobile games and related
applications based on its own original intellectual property, as well as third-party licensed
brands and other intellectual property.
The Company has incurred recurring losses from operations since inception and had an
accumulated deficit of $201,824 as of September 30, 2011. For the three months ended September 30,
2011, the Company incurred a net loss from operations of $6,158. For the nine months ended
September 30, 2011, the Company incurred a net loss from operations of $11,082. The Company may
incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows in the future. Failure to generate
sufficient revenues, reduce spending or raise additional capital could adversely affect the
Companys ability to achieve profitability and its intended business objectives.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared
pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding
interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes
required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States for complete
financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements
and notes thereto included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2010 filed with the SEC on March 21, 2011. In the opinion of management, the accompanying
unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments, which the Company believes are necessary for a fair statement of the
Companys financial position as of September 30, 2011 and its results of operations for the three
and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for
the entire year. The unaudited consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 31, 2010 has
been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, and the
consolidated balance sheet presented as of September 30, 2011 has been derived from the unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements as of that date.
Basis of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk
consist of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
The Company derives its accounts receivable from revenues earned from customers located in the
United States and locations outside of the United States. The Company performs ongoing credit
evaluations of its customers financial condition and currently does not require any collateral
from its customers. The Company bases its allowance for doubtful accounts on managements best
estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Companys existing accounts receivable. The
Company reviews past due balances over a specified amount individually for collectability on a
monthly basis and all other balances quarterly. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances
against the allowance when it determines that the amount will not be recovered.
6
The following table summarizes the revenues from customers that accounted for more than
10% of the Companys revenues for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Apple |
|
|
22.2 |
% |
|
|
* |
% |
|
|
19.1 |
% |
|
|
* |
% |
Google |
|
|
11.0 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Tapjoy |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
* |
|
China Mobile |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
10.5 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
* |
|
Verizon Wireless |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
14.1 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
16.0 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Revenues from the customer were less than 10% during the period. |
At September 30, 2011, Telecomunicaciones Movilnet accounted for 18.9% and Apple accounted for
11.6% of total accounts receivable. At December 31, 2010, Verizon Wireless accounted for 18.3% and
Telecomunicaciones Movilnet accounted for 14.8% of total accounts receivable. No other carrier
represented more than 10% of the Companys total accounts receivable as of these dates.
Net Loss Per Share
The Company computes basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders by dividing
its net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(6,158 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,603 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,082 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,477 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted shares: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common shares outstanding |
|
|
60,958 |
|
|
|
36,042 |
|
|
|
55,876 |
|
|
|
32,392 |
|
Weighted average unvested common shares subject to restrictions |
|
|
(497 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(177 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share |
|
|
60,461 |
|
|
|
36,042 |
|
|
|
55,699 |
|
|
|
32,392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share basic and diluted |
|
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.04 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.20 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.26 |
) |
The following weighted average options to purchase common stock, warrants to purchase
common stock and unvested shares of common stock subject to restrictions have been excluded from
the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because
including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Warrants to purchase common stock |
|
|
4,534 |
|
|
|
2,673 |
|
|
|
5,665 |
|
|
|
962 |
|
Unvested common shares subject
to restrictions |
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
|
|
Options to purchase common stock |
|
|
8,175 |
|
|
|
6,499 |
|
|
|
7,660 |
|
|
|
6,187 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,206 |
|
|
|
9,172 |
|
|
|
13,502 |
|
|
|
7,149 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2011-04, Fair Value
Measurements (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure
Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, (ASU 2011-04). ASU 2011-04 changes the wording used to
describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing
information about fair value measurements to ensure consistency between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. ASU
2011-04 also expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs. This new guidance is to be applied prospectively for
reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The Company anticipates that the
adoption of this standard will not materially impact the Companys condensed consolidated financial
statements.
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of
Comprehensive Income, (ASU 2011-05). ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to report other
comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in equity. ASU 2011-05 requires
that all non-owner changes in stockholders equity be presented in either a single continuous
statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This new guidance
is to be applied retrospectively for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.
The Company anticipates that the adoption of this standard will not materially impact the Companys
condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment (the revised
standard). The revised standard is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual
goodwill impairment test by providing entities an option to perform a qualitative assessment to
determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. The revised standard is effective for
annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December
15, 2011. An entity can choose to early adopt if its annual test date is before the issuance of the
final standard, provided that the entity has not yet performed its 2011 annual impairment test or
issued its financial statements. Entities considering early adoption are advised to begin assessing
relevant factors for the qualitative assessment. An entity has the option to first assess
qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step test. If
an entity believes, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that
the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment
test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The Company is currently evaluating
the early adoption option. The Company anticipates that the adoption of this standard will not
materially impact the Companys condensed consolidated financial statements.
Business Combination
In the first quarter of fiscal year 2010, the Company adopted a new accounting standard
related to business combinations, ASC 805, which revised the accounting guidance applied to
business combinations. The new standard: expands the definition of a business and a business
combination; requires recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and contingent
consideration at their fair value on the acquisition date with subsequent changes recognized in
earnings; requires acquisition-related expenses and restructuring costs to be recognized separately
from the business combination and expensed as incurred; requires in-process research and
development to be capitalized at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset until
completion or abandonment; and requires that changes in accounting for deferred tax asset valuation
allowances and acquired income tax uncertainties after the measurement period be recognized as a
component of provision for taxes.
While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price
allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the business
combination date, these estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to
refinement. As a result, during the preliminary purchase price allocation period, which may be up
to one year from the business combination date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets
acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the preliminary
purchase price allocation period, the Company records adjustments to assets acquired or liabilities
assumed subsequent to the purchase price allocation period in its operating results in the period
in which the adjustments were determined.
Note 2 Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820), defines fair value, establishes
a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair
value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to
transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or
liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation
techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and
minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on
three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable,
that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as
quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or
other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for
substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are
significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
8
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company adopted ASU 2010-06, which amended ASC 820 to require
new disclosures for transfers of financial assets and liabilities into and out of Levels 1 and 2 in
the fair value hierarchy and for activity in Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The adoption of
the amended disclosure requirements for fair value measurements did not affect the disclosures
because the Company did not transfer financial assets or liabilities between levels in the fair
value hierarchy. The Companys cash and investment instruments are classified within Level 1 of the
fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer
quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The types
of instruments valued based on quoted market prices in active markets include most U.S. government
and agency securities, sovereign government obligations, and money market securities. Such
instruments are generally classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. As of September
30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had $36,869 and $12,863 in cash equivalents.
Liabilities for Contingent Consideration
Level 3 liabilities consist of acquisition-related non-current liabilities for contingent
consideration (i.e., earnouts) related to the acquisition of Blammo Games Inc., a company organized
under the laws of Ontario (Blammo), which was acquired on August 1, 2011. The former Blammo
shareholders have the opportunity to earn additional shares of the Companys common stock based on
future net revenues generated by Blammo during the fiscal years ending March 31, 2013, March 31,
2014 and March 31, 2015. See Note 4 for further details regarding the Blammo acquisition. The
expected number of shares to be issued in each year depends on the probability of Blammo achieving
the net revenue targets, and the Company used a risk-neutral framework to estimate the probability
of achieving these revenue targets for each year. The fair value of the contingent consideration
was determined using a digital option, which captures the present value of the expected payment
multiplied by the probability of reaching the revenue targets for each year. Key assumptions
included the discount rate of 25.0%, volatility of 49.0%, risk free rates of between 0.33% and
0.81% and probability-adjusted revenue levels. Probability-adjusted revenue is a significant input
that is not observable in the market, which ASC 820-10-35 refers to as a Level 3 input. The fair
value of these contingent liabilities recorded on the Companys condensed consolidated balance
sheet as of September 30, 2011, was $235. In accordance with ASC 805-30-35-1, changes in the fair
value of contingent consideration subsequent to the acquisition date
have been recognized in general and administrative
expense.
Note 3 Balance Sheet Components
Accounts Receivable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
$ |
10,793 |
|
|
$ |
11,164 |
|
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
|
(830 |
) |
|
|
(504 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
9,963 |
|
|
$ |
10,660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable includes amounts billed and unbilled as of the respective balance
sheet dates. The Company had no significant write-offs or recoveries during the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
Property and Equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Computer equipment |
|
$ |
5,189 |
|
|
$ |
4,974 |
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
487 |
|
Software |
|
|
4,392 |
|
|
|
2,919 |
|
Leasehold improvements |
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
2,392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,890 |
|
|
|
10,772 |
|
Less: Accumulated depreciation and
amortization |
|
|
(8,019 |
) |
|
|
(8,638 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,871 |
|
|
$ |
2,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010
was $470 and $450, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2011
and September 30, 2010 was $1,303 and $1,561, respectively.
9
Prepaid Expense and Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Deferred tax asset |
|
|
2,105 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
Prepaid expenses |
|
|
1,358 |
|
|
|
1,069 |
|
Deposits |
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
843 |
|
Other |
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
591 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
4,027 |
|
|
|
2,557 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Long-Term Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Uncertain tax position obligations |
|
|
5,175 |
|
|
|
4,991 |
|
Deferred income tax liability |
|
|
3,676 |
|
|
|
1,170 |
|
Unfavorable lease obligations |
|
|
729 |
|
|
|
|
|
Restructuring |
|
|
|
|
|
|
773 |
|
Other |
|
|
843 |
|
|
|
925 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
10,423 |
|
|
|
7,859 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 4 Business Combinations
Griptonite, Inc.
On August 2, 2011, the Company completed the acquisition of Griptonite, Inc., a Washington
corporation (Griptonite) and formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of Foundation 9 Entertainment,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (Foundation 9), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, as
amended on August 15, 2011 (the Merger Agreement), by and among the Company, Granite Acquisition
Corp., a Washington corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (Sub), Foundation 9
and Griptonite. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Sub merged with and into Griptonite
in a statutory reverse triangular merger (the Merger), with Griptonite surviving the Merger as a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Griptonite, which is based in Kirkland, Washington, is a
developer of games for advanced platforms, including handheld devices. The Company acquired
Griptonite to increase its studio development capacity and augment its existing development efforts
to accelerate the introduction of new titles on smartphones and tablets.
In connection with the Merger, the Company issued to Foundation 9, as Griptonites sole
shareholder, in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Griptonite capital stock,
a total of 6,106 shares of the Companys common stock, for consideration of approximately $28,088,
using the $4.60 closing price of the Companys common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market on August
2, 2011; 600 shares will be held in escrow until November 2, 2012 as security to satisfy potential
indemnification claims under the Merger Agreement. In addition, the Company may be required to
issue additional shares (not to exceed 5,302 shares) or in specified circumstances pay additional
cash (i) in satisfaction of indemnification obligations in the case of breaches of the Companys
and Subs representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement or (ii) pursuant to
potential working capital adjustments.
10
The preliminary allocation of the Griptonite purchase price was based upon valuations for
certain assets and liabilities assumed. The valuation was based upon preliminary calculations and
valuations, and the Companys estimates and assumptions are subject to change as the Company
obtains additional information for its estimates during the respective measurement periods (up to
one year from the acquisition date). The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of
assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
|
|
|
|
|
Assets acquired: |
|
|
|
|
Cash |
|
$ |
10,300 |
|
Accounts receivable |
|
|
1,558 |
|
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on
uncompleted contracts |
|
|
495 |
|
Prepaid and other current assets |
|
|
533 |
|
Property and equipment |
|
|
731 |
|
Other long term assets |
|
|
33 |
|
Intangible assets: |
|
|
|
|
Non-compete agreements |
|
|
3,200 |
|
Developed Technology |
|
|
2,500 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
12,735 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets acquired |
|
|
32,085 |
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities assumed: |
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
(492 |
) |
Accrued liabilities |
|
|
(679 |
) |
Billings in excess of costs and earnings on uncompleted contracts |
|
|
(55 |
) |
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
(2,771 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
(3,997 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net acquired assets |
|
$ |
28,088 |
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition-related intangibles included in the above table are finite-lived and are
being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated lives ranging from three months to
two years. The estimated fair value of the excess earnings from the work-for-hire contracts is
amortized as a reduction to service revenue as services are performed. Pursuant to ASC 805, the
Company incurred and expensed a total of $828 in acquisition and transitional costs associated with
the acquisition of Griptonite, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, which
were primarily general and administrative related.
The Company allocated the residual value of $12,735 to goodwill. Goodwill represents the
excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets
acquired. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other (ASC 350), goodwill will
not be amortized but will be tested for impairment at least annually. Goodwill created as a result
of the Griptonite acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.
Assumption of Griptonite Lease
In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed lease obligations related to the premises
located in Kirkland, Washington (the Griptonite Lease). The Griptonite Lease covers approximately
54 rentable square feet and has a term that ends on September 30, 2015. As part of the purchase
accounting adjustments for Griptonite, the Company eliminated the existing deferred rent balance
and recorded a fair value adjustment to reflect the current market value of the unfavorable
operating lease commitment. The current and long-term fair value of the unfavorable operating lease
obligation was $274 and $698, respectively, as of September 30, 2011. The Griptonite Lease has been
included in the future lease obligations disclosed in Note 6.
Revenue Recognition
Griptonite develops video games primarily under fixed-price contracts with third-party
publishers that may extend for 24 months or longer. The Company accounts for such contracts using
the percentage-of-completion method. The Company has multiple contracts that are in various stages
of completion, and progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of cumulative costs
incurred to total estimated costs. Such contracts require estimates to determine the appropriate
revenue and cost recognition. The Company periodically reviews revisions of contract values and
estimated costs at completion and any changes in such estimates are made prospectively. Amounts
representing contract change orders or claims are included in revenues only when they meet
specified criteria. If estimates of costs at completion indicate a loss, provision is made for the
total loss anticipated in the period in which the loss is identified. Contract costs include direct
materials, direct labor costs and allocable production overhead. These costs are included in cost
of services. Legacy revenues under the existing Griptonite business will not continue after the
contractual obligations have been satisfied, and after the fourth quarter of 2011, this business
will be fully transitioned to developing titles directly for the Company. Future revenues from
Griptonite related to titles that are developed directly for the Company will be recognized under
the Companys existing corporate revenue recognition policy.
11
Cumulative revenues recognized may be less or greater than cumulative costs and profits billed
at any point in time during a contracts term. The resulting difference is recognized as costs and
estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts or billings in excess of costs
and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts.
Blammo Games Inc.
On August 1, 2011, the Company completed the acquisition of Blammo, by entering into a Share
Purchase Agreement (the Share Purchase Agreement) by and among the Company, Blammo and each of
the owners of the outstanding share capital of Blammo (the Sellers). Blammo is a developer of
freemium games for the iOS platform located in Toronto, Canada.
Pursuant to the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company purchased from the Sellers
all of the issued and outstanding share capital of Blammo (the Share Purchase), and in exchange
for such Blammo share capital, the Company (i) issued to the Sellers, in the aggregate, 1,000
shares of the Companys common stock (the Initial Shares), which resulted in initial
consideration of $5,070 using the $5.07 closing price of the Companys common stock on The NASDAQ
Global Market on August 1, 2011, and (ii) agreed to issue to the Sellers, in the aggregate, up to
an additional 3,313 shares of the Companys common stock (the Additional Shares) if Blammo
achieves certain net revenue targets during the years ending March 31, 2013, March 31, 2014 and
March 31, 2015, as more fully described below under Contingent Consideration. 100 of the Initial
Shares will be held in escrow until August 1, 2012 to satisfy indemnification claims under the
Share Purchase Agreement.
The preliminary allocation of the Blammo purchase price was based upon valuations for certain
assets and liabilities assumed. The valuation was based upon preliminary calculations and
valuations, and the Companys estimates and assumptions are subject to change as the Company
obtains additional information for its estimates during the respective measurement periods (up to
one year from the acquisition date). The following table summarizes the preliminary fair values of
assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
|
|
|
|
|
Assets acquired: |
|
|
|
|
Cash |
|
$ |
42 |
|
Prepaid and other current assets |
|
|
11 |
|
Property and equipment |
|
|
16 |
|
Intangible assets: |
|
|
|
|
Non-compete agreements |
|
|
1,400 |
|
In-process research and development |
|
|
300 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
4,309 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets acquired |
|
|
6,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities assumed: |
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable |
|
|
(23 |
) |
Accrued liabilities |
|
|
(164 |
) |
Payables to affiliates |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
(287 |
) |
Other long-term liabilities |
|
|
(721 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
(1,008 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net acquired assets |
|
$ |
5,070 |
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition-related intangibles included in the above table are finite-lived and are
being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated lives ranging from one to four years.
Pursuant to ASC 805, the Company incurred and expensed a total of $153 in acquisition and
transitional costs associated with the acquisition of Blammo, during the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2011, which were primarily general and administrative related.
The Company allocated the residual value of $4,309 to goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess
of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. In
accordance with ASC 350, goodwill will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment at least
annually. Goodwill created as a result of the Blammo acquisition is not deductible for tax
purposes.
12
Contingent Consideration
The Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if, and to the extent that, Blammo
achieves certain Net Revenue (as such term is defined in the Share Purchase Agreement) performance
targets as follows: (i) for fiscal 2013 (April 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013), (a) 227 Additional
Shares will be issued to the Sellers if, and only in the event that, Blammo meets its Baseline Net
Revenue goal for such fiscal year, and (b) up to an additional 682 Additional Shares will be issued
to the Sellers to the extent that Blammo exceeds its Baseline Net Revenue goal and meets its Upside
Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, (ii) for fiscal 2014 (April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2014),
(a) 417 Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if, and only in the event that, Blammo
meets its Baseline Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, and (b) up to an additional 833
Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers to the extent that Blammo exceeds its Baseline Net
Revenue goal and meets its Upside Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, and (iii) for fiscal 2015
(April 1, 2014 through March 31, 2015), (a) no Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if
Blammo does not meet its Baseline Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year and (b) up to 1,154
Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers to the extent that Blammo exceeds its Baseline Net
Revenue goal and meets its Upside Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year. To the extent that Blammo
meets its Baseline Net Revenue goal for a fiscal year but does not meet its Upside Net Revenue goal
for such fiscal year, Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers on a straight-line basis
based on the amount by which Blammo exceeded the Baseline Net Revenue goal. Blammos Baseline and
Upside Net Revenue goals for fiscal 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year |
|
Baseline Net Revenue |
|
|
Upside Net Revenue |
|
Fiscal 2013 |
|
$ |
3,500 |
|
|
$ |
5,000 |
|
Fiscal 2014 |
|
$ |
5,500 |
|
|
$ |
10,000 |
|
Fiscal 2015 |
|
$ |
8,500 |
|
|
$ |
15,000 |
|
Three of the five Sellers are also employees of Blammo. If any of these employee Sellers
voluntarily terminates his employment with Blammo (other than because of a disability that prevents
him or her from performing his job) or if the Company or Blammo terminates such Sellers employment
for Cause (as such term is defined in the Share Purchase Agreement), then such Seller will be
eligible to receive Additional Shares if and when such Additional Shares are earned as described
above only with respect to the fiscal year in which such termination of employment occurs (and all
previous fiscal years to the extent applicable), but not with respect to any Additional Shares
issued in any subsequent fiscal year. In such an event, the Additional Shares that such Seller
would have otherwise received will be forfeited and will not be issued by the Company or
distributed to the other Sellers, but the other Sellers rights to receive Additional Shares will
not otherwise be affected. The fair value of the contingent consideration issued to the three
Sellers who are also employees of Blammo is not considered part of the purchase price, as vesting
is contingent upon these employees continued service during the earn-out periods. The Company will
record the contingent consideration issued to these employees as a compensation expense over the
earn-out period of one to three years. See Note 9 for further details. In accordance with ASC 815,
Business Combinations, the Company recorded $306 of the contingent consideration as part of the
purchase accounting allocation, this amount represents the fair value of the portion of the
forecasted Additional Shares to be issued to the Sellers who are not employees of Blammo. This
amount will be fair valued in every reporting period, and the Company recorded a non-cash
adjustment of $178 as of September 30, 2011, which represents the change in fair value since the
date of acquisition.
Valuation Methodology
The Company engaged a third party valuation firm to aid management in its analyses of the fair
value of Griptonite and Blammo. All estimates, key assumptions and forecasts were either provided
by or reviewed by the Company. While the Company chose to utilize a third party valuation firm, the
fair value analyses and related valuations represent the conclusions of management and not the
conclusions or statements of any third party.
Intangible assets acquired consist of non-compete agreements, acquired technology and
in-process research and development (IPR&D). Each valuation methodology assumes a discount rate
of 25%.
The Blammo and Griptonite non-compete agreements were valued using the loss of income method,
which is an income approach. Two separate cashflows were prepared, one to model the cashflow with
the non-compete agreements in place, and one without the agreements. The difference between the
debt-free cashflow of the two models was then discounted to present value using a discount rate.
In the valuation of Griptonite developed technology, the replacement cost method of the cost
approach was used; although the Company does not expect to use the acquired technology, it was
deemed likely that a market participant would perceive value in acquiring and integrating these
technologies into their own platforms. The value was determined based on the engineering costs to
replace or recreate the developed technology. Key assumptions used included, man hours to recreate,
costs per month and remaining total and economic life.
As of the valuation date, Blammo was in the process of developing a game, which is expected to
be launched in December 2011, and the Company has estimated the majority of the revenues associated
with this game will be generated in 2012 and 2013. The fair value was calculated using the
multi-period excess earning method of the income approach, and significant assumptions used
included the discount rate, forecasted revenues, forecasted cost of goods sold and forecasted
operating expense.
13
Pro Forma Financial Information
The results of operations for both Griptonite and Blammo and the estimated fair market values
of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been included in the Companys condensed
consolidated financial statements since the date of each acquisition. For the three months ended
September 30, 2011, Griptonite contributed approximately $687 to the Companys net revenue and
increased net losses by $4,280. The results of the acquisitions resulted in an increase to the
Companys net loss due to lower revenue generated from the work-for-hire contracts that were
substantially completed during the three month ended September 30, 2011 and to the amortization of
acquired identified intangible assets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, net
revenues and income contributed by Blammo was immaterial.
The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined
results of the Companys operations and those of Griptonite for the periods shown as if the
acquisition of Griptonite had occurred on January 1, 2010. The pro forma financial information
includes the business combination accounting effects of the acquisition, including amortization
charges from acquired intangible assets. The pro forma financial information presented below is for
informational purposes only, and is subject to a number of estimates, assumptions and other
uncertainties. In addition, the pro forma financial information presented below does not include
the unaudited financial information of Blammo, as this acquisition did not constitute a
significant business combination under Regulation S-X.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Total pro forma revenues |
|
$ |
18,443 |
|
|
$ |
19,637 |
|
|
$ |
61,690 |
|
|
$ |
60,642 |
|
Pro forma net loss |
|
|
(4,694 |
) |
|
|
(2,638 |
) |
|
|
(11,235 |
) |
|
|
(11,294 |
) |
Pro forma net loss per
share basic and
diluted |
|
$ |
(0.07 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.06 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.19 |
) |
|
$ |
(0.29 |
) |
All of the goodwill related to both the Blammo and Griptonite transactions was assigned
to the Companys Americas reporting unit. See Note 5 for additional information related to the
changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
14
Note 5 Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Companys intangible assets were acquired in connection with the acquisitions of
Macrospace in 2004, iFone in 2006, MIG in 2007, Superscape in 2008 and Griptonite and Blammo in the
third quarter of 2011. The carrying amounts and accumulated amortization expense of the acquired
intangible assets, including the impact of foreign currency exchange translation, at September 30,
2011 and December 31, 2010 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2011 |
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Including |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Including |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Impact of |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Gross |
|
|
Impact of |
|
|
Net |
|
|
|
Useful |
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
Foreign |
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
Foreign |
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
|
Life |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Exchange) |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Exchange) |
|
|
Value |
|
Intangible assets amortized
to cost of revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Titles, content and technology |
|
2.5 yrs |
|
$ |
11,088 |
|
|
$ |
(10,254 |
) |
|
$ |
834 |
|
|
$ |
13,545 |
|
|
$ |
(13,545 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
Catalogs |
|
1 yr |
|
|
1,215 |
|
|
|
(1,215 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,203 |
|
|
|
(1,203 |
) |
|
|
|
|
ProvisionX Technology |
|
6 yrs |
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
(200 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
(198 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Carrier contract and related
relationships |
|
5 yrs |
|
|
19,157 |
|
|
|
(12,719 |
) |
|
|
6,438 |
|
|
|
18,832 |
|
|
|
(10,352 |
) |
|
|
8,480 |
|
Licensed content |
|
5 yrs |
|
|
2,911 |
|
|
|
(2,911 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,829 |
|
|
|
(2,810 |
) |
|
|
19 |
|
Service provider license |
|
9 yrs |
|
|
460 |
|
|
|
(194 |
) |
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
|
(151 |
) |
|
|
295 |
|
Trademarks |
|
3 yrs |
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
(221 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
(547 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,252 |
|
|
|
(27,714 |
) |
|
|
7,538 |
|
|
|
37,600 |
|
|
|
(28,806 |
) |
|
|
8,794 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other intangible assets amortized
to operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emux Technology |
|
6 yrs |
|
|
1,296 |
|
|
|
(1,296 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,283 |
|
|
|
(1,283 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Noncompete agreement |
|
3 yrs |
|
|
5,167 |
|
|
|
(898 |
) |
|
|
4,269 |
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
(562 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,463 |
|
|
|
(2,194 |
) |
|
|
4,269 |
|
|
|
1,845 |
|
|
|
(1,845 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total intangibles assets subject
to amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,715 |
|
|
|
(29,908 |
) |
|
|
11,807 |
|
|
|
39,445 |
|
|
|
(30,651 |
) |
|
|
8,794 |
|
In-process research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total intangibles assets, net |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
42,015 |
|
|
$ |
(29,908 |
) |
|
$ |
12,107 |
|
|
$ |
39,445 |
|
|
$ |
(30,651 |
) |
|
$ |
8,794 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company has included amortization of acquired intangible assets directly attributable
to revenue-generating activities in cost of revenues. During the second quarter of 2011, the
Company wrote off $5,330 of its Superscape intangible assets and accumulated amortization relating
to trademarks, titles and technology, all of which were fully amortized. The Company has included
amortization of acquired intangible assets not directly attributable to revenue-generating
activities in operating expenses. The Company acquired approximately $7,400 of intangible assets as
part of the Griptonite and Blammo acquisitions in the third quarter of 2011; see Note 4 for further
details. During the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded
amortization expense in the amounts of $2,375 and $1,009 respectively, in cost of revenues. During
the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded amortization expense in the
amounts of $3,895 and $3,243 respectively, in cost of revenues. During the three months ended
September 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded amortization expense in the amounts of $330 and
$53, respectively, in operating expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010,
the Company recorded amortization expense in the amounts of $330 and $160, respectively, in
operating expenses.
As of September 30, 2011, the total expected future amortization related to intangible assets
was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
Amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in |
|
|
Included in |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Cost of |
|
|
Operating |
|
|
Amortization |
|
Year Ending December 31, |
|
Revenues |
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
Expense |
|
2011 (remaining three months) |
|
$ |
1,546 |
|
|
$ |
494 |
|
|
$ |
2,040 |
|
2012 |
|
|
2,845 |
|
|
|
1,982 |
|
|
|
4,827 |
|
2013 |
|
|
2,774 |
|
|
|
1,315 |
|
|
|
4,089 |
|
2014 |
|
|
273 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
655 |
|
2015 and thereafter |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total intangible assets subject
to amortization |
|
|
7,538 |
|
|
|
4,269 |
|
|
|
11,807 |
|
In-process research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total intangible assets, net |
|
$ |
7,538 |
|
|
$ |
4,269 |
|
|
$ |
12,107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15
Goodwill
The Company attributes all of the goodwill resulting from the Macrospace acquisition to its
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) reporting unit. The goodwill resulting from the iFone
acquisition is evenly attributed to the Americas and EMEA reporting units. The Company attributes
all of the goodwill resulting from the MIG acquisition to its Asia and Pacific (APAC) reporting
unit and all of the goodwill resulting from the Superscape acquisition to the Americas reporting
unit. The Company acquired $17,044 of goodwill during the third quarter of 2011 as part of the
Blammo and Griptonite acquisitions; see Note 4 for further details. During the third quarter of
2011, the goodwill resulting from both the Blammo and Griptonite acquisitions was fully assigned to
the Americas reporting unit. The goodwill allocated to the Americas reporting unit is denominated
in U.S. Dollars (USD), the goodwill allocated to the EMEA reporting unit is denominated in Pounds
Sterling (GBP) and the goodwill allocated to the APAC reporting unit is denominated in Chinese
Renminbi (RMB). As a result, the goodwill attributed to the EMEA and APAC reporting units is
subject to foreign currency fluctuations.
Goodwill by geographic region for the periods indicated was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2011 |
|
|
December 31, 2010 |
|
|
|
Americas |
|
|
EMEA |
|
|
APAC |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Americas |
|
|
EMEA |
|
|
APAC |
|
|
Total |
|
Balance as of January 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
$ |
24,871 |
|
|
$ |
25,354 |
|
|
$ |
24,039 |
|
|
$ |
74,264 |
|
|
$ |
24,871 |
|
|
$ |
25,354 |
|
|
$ |
23,881 |
|
|
$ |
74,106 |
|
Accumulated Impairment Losses |
|
|
(24,871 |
) |
|
|
(25,354 |
) |
|
|
(19,273 |
) |
|
|
(69,498 |
) |
|
|
(24,871 |
) |
|
|
(25,354 |
) |
|
|
(19,273 |
) |
|
|
(69,498 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,766 |
|
|
|
4,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,608 |
|
|
|
4,608 |
|
Goodwill Acquired during the year |
|
|
17,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effects of Foreign Currency
Exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of period ended: |
|
|
17,044 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,922 |
|
|
|
21,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,766 |
|
|
|
4,766 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
41,915 |
|
|
|
25,354 |
|
|
|
24,195 |
|
|
|
91,464 |
|
|
|
24,871 |
|
|
|
25,354 |
|
|
|
24,039 |
|
|
|
74,264 |
|
Accumulated Impairment Losses |
|
|
(24,871 |
) |
|
|
(25,354 |
) |
|
|
(19,273 |
) |
|
|
(69,498 |
) |
|
|
(24,871 |
) |
|
|
(25,354 |
) |
|
|
(19,273 |
) |
|
|
(69,498 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
17,044 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
4,922 |
|
|
$ |
21,966 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
4,766 |
|
|
$ |
4,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In accordance with ASC 350, the Companys goodwill is not amortized but is tested for
impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Under ASC 350, the Company performs the
annual impairment review of its goodwill balance as of September 30 or more frequently if
triggering events occur.
ASC 350 requires a two-step approach to testing goodwill for impairment for each reporting
unit annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value of a
reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The first step measures for impairment by applying the
fair value-based tests at the reporting unit level. The second step (if necessary) measures the
amount of impairment by applying the fair value-based tests to individual assets and liabilities
within each reporting unit. The fair value of the reporting units is estimated using a combination
of the market approach, which utilizes comparable companies data, and/or the income approach,
which uses discounted cash flows.
The Company has three geographic segments comprised of the 1) Americas, 2) EMEA and 3) APAC
regions. As of September 30, 2011, the Company had goodwill attributable to its APAC and Americas
reporting units. The Company performed an annual impairment review as of September 30, 2011 as
prescribed in ASC 350 and concluded that it was not at risk of failing the first step, as the fair
value of the reporting units exceeded its carrying value and thus no adjustment to the carrying
value of goodwill was necessary. As a result, the Company was not required to perform the second
step. In order to determine the fair value of the Companys reporting units, the Company utilizes
the discounted cash flow method and market methods. The Company has consistently utilized both
methods in its goodwill impairment tests and weights both results equally. The Company uses both
methods in its goodwill impairment tests as it believes both, in conjunction with each other,
provide a reasonable estimate of the determination of fair value of the reporting unit the
discounted cash flow method being specific to anticipated future results of the reporting unit and
the market method, which is based on the Companys market sector including its competitors. The
assumptions supporting the discounted cash flow method were determined using the Companys best
estimates as of the date of the impairment review.
Note 6 Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases office space under non-cancelable operating facility leases with various
expiration dates through September 2015. Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2011
and 2010 was $577 and $608, respectively. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2011
and 2010 was $1,668 and $1,875, respectively. The terms of the facility leases provide for rental
payments on a graduated scale. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over
the lease period, and has accrued for rent expense incurred but not paid. The deferred rent balance
was $211 and $379 at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, and was included
within other long-term liabilities
16
At September 30, 2011, future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating
leases were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net |
|
|
|
Lease |
|
|
Sub-lease |
|
|
Lease |
|
Year Ending December 31, |
|
Payments |
|
|
Income |
|
|
Payments |
|
2011 (remaining three months) |
|
$ |
1,105 |
|
|
$ |
167 |
|
|
$ |
938 |
|
2012 |
|
|
3,724 |
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
3,333 |
|
2013 |
|
|
2,097 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,097 |
|
2014 |
|
|
1,082 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,082 |
|
2015 and thereafter |
|
|
830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,838 |
|
|
$ |
558 |
|
|
$ |
8,280 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum Guaranteed Royalties and Developer Commitments
The Company has entered into license and development agreements with various owners of brands
and other intellectual property to develop and publish games for mobile handsets. Pursuant to some
of these agreements, the Company is required to pay minimum royalties over the term of the
agreement regardless of actual game sales. The Company also has contracts with various external
software developers (third-party developers) to design and develop games as part of its Glu
Partners initiative. The Company advances funds to these third-party developers, in installments,
payable upon the completion of specified development milestones.
Future minimum royalty payments and developer commitments for those agreements as of September
30, 2011 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guaranteed |
|
|
Developer |
|
|
|
|
Year Ending December 31, |
|
Royalties |
|
|
Commitments |
|
|
Total |
|
2011 (remaining three months) |
|
$ |
33 |
|
|
$ |
344 |
|
|
$ |
377 |
|
2012 |
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
770 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
449 |
|
|
$ |
698 |
|
|
$ |
1,147 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These minimum guaranteed royalty payments are included in current prepaid and accrued
royalties. The developer commitments reflected in the above table are the Companys minimum cash
obligations but do not necessarily represent the periods in which they will be expensed. The
Company expenses developer commitments as services are provided, as payment is contingent upon
performance by the developer.
Income Taxes
As of September 30, 2011, unrecognized tax benefits and potential interest and penalties are
classified within Other long-term liabilities on the Companys condensed consolidated balance
sheets. As of September 30, 2011, the settlement of the Companys income tax liabilities could not
be determined; however, the liabilities are not expected to become due within the next 12 months.
Indemnification Agreements
The Company has entered into agreements under which it indemnifies each of its officers and
directors during his or her lifetime for certain events or occurrences while the officer or
director is or was serving at the Companys request in that capacity. The maximum potential amount
of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is
unlimited; however, the Company has a director and officer insurance policy that limits its
exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. As a result of
its insurance policy coverage, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these
indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company had recorded no liabilities for
these agreements as of September 30, 2011 or December 31, 2010.
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company includes standard indemnification
provisions in most of its license agreements with carriers and other distributors. Pursuant to
these provisions, the Company generally indemnifies these parties for losses suffered or incurred
in connection with its games, including as a result of intellectual property infringement and
viruses, worms and other malicious software. The term of these indemnity provisions is generally
perpetual after execution of the corresponding license agreement, and the maximum potential amount
of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is
often unlimited; however, the Company has insurance policies that limit to some extent its exposure
and enable the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. To date, the Company has
not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle indemnified claims of these types. As a result, the
Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnity provisions is minimal. Accordingly,
the Company had recorded no liabilities for these provisions as of September 30, 2011 or December
31, 2010.
17
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims, complaints and legal actions in
the normal course of business. The Company assesses its potential liability by analyzing specific
litigation and regulatory matters using available information. The Companys estimate of losses is
developed in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of
potential results and outcomes, assuming various combinations of appropriate litigation and
settlement strategies. After taking all of the above factors into account, the Company determines
whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is
deemed reasonable probable and the amount can be reasonable estimated. The Company further
determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be disclosed by assessing whether a
loss is deemed reasonably possible. Such disclosure will include an estimate of the additional loss
or range of loss or will state that an estimate cannot be made.
The Company does not believe it is party to any currently pending litigation, the outcome of
which is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on its operations, financial position
or liquidity. However, the ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and, regardless of
outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense costs, potential
negative publicity, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Note 7 Debt
MIG Notes
In December 2007, the Company acquired MIG to accelerate its presence in China. In December
2008, the Company amended the MIG merger agreement to acknowledge the full achievement of the
earnout milestones and at the same time entered into secured promissory notes in the aggregate
principal amount of $20,000 payable to the former MIG shareholders (the Earnout Notes) as full
satisfaction of the MIG earnout. The Earnout Notes required that the Company pay off the remaining
principal and interest in installments. In December 2008, the Company also entered into secured
promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5,000 payable to two former shareholders of
MIG (the Special Bonus Notes) as full satisfaction of the special bonus provisions of their
employment agreements. In January 2011, the Company paid $698 of taxes that had been withheld on
the December 31, 2010 Special Bonus Notes payment made to the former MIG shareholders in China. As
of September 30, 2011, the Company had fully repaid both the Earnout Notes and Special Bonus Notes.
Credit Facility
In December 2008, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility (the Credit
Facility), which amended and superseded the Loan and Security Agreement that the Company had
previously entered into with the lender in February 2007, as amended. On August 24, 2009 and
February 10, 2010, the Company and the lender entered into amendments to the Credit Facility, which
reduced certain of the minimum targets specified in the EBITDA-related covenant contained in the
Credit Facility. The February 10, 2010 amendment also changed the measurement period for the EBITDA
covenant from a rolling six month calculation to a quarterly calculation. On March 18, 2010, the
Company and the lender entered into a third amendment to the agreement which extended the maturity
date of the Credit Facility from December 22, 2010 until June 30, 2011 and increased the interest
rate for borrowings under the Credit Facility by 0.75% to the lenders prime rate, plus 1.75%, but
no less than 5.0%. On February 2, 2011, the Company and the lender entered into a fourth amendment
which waived the Companys default in maintaining minimum levels of EBITDA specified in the Credit
Facility for the period beginning October 1, 2010 and ending December 31, 2010. Prior to this date,
the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility. This amendment also
removed the EBITDA financial covenant from the Credit Facility in its entirety and replaced this
covenant with a net cash covenant, which required the Company to maintain at least $10,000 in
unrestricted cash at the lender or an affiliate of the lender, net of any indebtedness that was
owed to the lender under the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility provided for borrowings of up to $8,000, subject to a borrowing base equal
to 80% of the Companys eligible accounts receivable. The Companys obligations under the Credit
Facility were guaranteed by certain of the Companys domestic and foreign subsidiaries and were
secured by substantially all of the Companys assets, including all of the capital stock of certain
of the Companys domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of certain of its foreign
subsidiaries.
18
Interest under the Credit Facility was due monthly, with all outstanding obligations due at
maturity. The Company was also required to pay the lender a monthly unused revolving line facility
fee of 0.35% on the unused portion of the $8,000 commitment. In addition, the Company paid the
lender a non-refundable commitment fee of $55 in December 2008 and paid an additional fee of $55
during December 2009. The Credit Facility limited the Company and certain of its subsidiaries
ability to, among other things, dispose of assets, make acquisitions, incur additional
indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends and make other distributions, and make investments. The
Credit Facility required the Company to establish a separate account at the lender for collection
of its accounts receivables. All deposits into this account were automatically applied by the
lender to the Companys outstanding obligations under the Credit Facility.
The Companys failure to comply with the financial or operating covenants in the Credit
Facility would not only have prohibited the Company from borrowing under the facility, but would
also have constituted a default, which would have permitted the lender to, among other things,
declare any outstanding borrowings, including all accrued interest and unpaid fees, becoming
immediately due and payable. A change in control of the Company (as defined in the Credit Facility)
would have also constituted an event of default, permitting the lender to accelerate the
indebtedness and terminate the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility also included a material adverse change clause. As a result, if a
material adverse change occurred with respect to the Companys business, operations or financial
condition, then that change could have constituted an event of default under the terms of the
Credit Facility. If an event of default had occurred, the lender could have, among other things,
declared all obligations immediately due and payable, could have stopped advancing money or
extending credit under the Credit Facility and could have terminated the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility expired on June 30, 2011.
Note 8 Stockholders Equity
Acquisitions
On August 1, 2011, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,000 shares of its common stock to the
Sellers in connection with the Companys acquisition of Blammo.
On August 2, 2011, the Company issued an aggregate of 6,106 shares of its common stock to
Foundation 9 in connection with the Companys acquisition of Griptonite.
See Note 4 Business Combinations for more information about these acquisitions.
Public Offering
In January 2011, the Company sold in an underwritten public offering an aggregate of 8,415
shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $2.05 per share for net cash proceeds of
approximately $15,661 after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The
underwriters of this offering were Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC,
Merriman Capital, Inc. and Northland Capital Markets.
Shelf Registration Statement
In December 2010, the Securities and Exchange Commission declared effective the Companys
shelf registration statement which allows the Company to issue various types of debt and equity
instruments, including common stock, preferred stock and warrants. Issuances under the shelf
registration will require the filing of a prospectus supplement identifying the amount and terms of
the securities to be issued. The ability to issue debt and equity is subject to market conditions
and other factors impacting the Companys borrowing capacity. The Company has a $30,000 limit on
the amount securities that can be issued under this shelf registration statement and has utilized
$17,250 of this amount as of September 30, 2011 pursuant to the public offering in January 2011
described above.
19
Private Placement
On August 2010, the Company completed a private placement of its common stock (the 2010
Private Placement) in which it issued to its investors (i) an aggregate of 13,495 shares of the
Companys common stock at $1.00 per share and (ii) warrants initially exercisable to purchase up to
6,748 shares of the Companys common stock at $1.50 per share (the Warrants), for initial
proceeds of approximately $13,218 net of issuance costs (excluding any proceeds the Company may
receive upon exercise of the Warrants). Of this amount, $2,198 was allocated to the value of the
Warrants and $11,020 was allocated to the common stock. All amounts are recorded within
stockholders equity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, investors fully exercised
their warrants to purchase 2,475 shares of the Companys common stock, and the Company received
gross proceeds of $3,713 in connection with these exercises.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
The Warrants issued in connection with the 2010 Private Placement have an initial exercise
price of $1.50 per share of common stock, can be exercised immediately, have a five-year term and
provide for weighted-average anti-dilution protection in addition to customary adjustment for
dividends, reorganization and other common stock events.
Warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2011 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
of Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
|
|
Term |
|
|
per |
|
|
Under |
|
Issue Date |
|
(Years) |
|
|
Share |
|
|
Warrant |
|
May 2006 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
9.03 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
August 2010 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
|
4,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,379 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive income/(loss).
Other comprehensive income/(loss) refers to revenue, expenses, gains, and losses that under GAAP
are recorded as an element of stockholders equity but are excluded from net income. The Companys
other comprehensive income/(loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those
subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Comprehensive loss for the
three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $6,693 and $1,606, respectively. Comprehensive
loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $11,950 and $8,335, respectively.
Note 9 Stock Option and Other Benefit Plans
2007 Equity Incentive Plan
In January 2007, the Companys Board of Directors adopted, and in March 2007 the Companys
stockholders approved, the 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan). At the time of adoption,
there were 1,766 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2007 Plan plus 195 shares
of common stock from the Companys 2001 Stock Option Plan (the 2001 Plan) that were unissued. In
addition, shares that were not issued or subject to outstanding grants under the 2001 Plan on the
date of adoption of the 2007 Plan and any shares issued under the 2001 Plan that are forfeited or
repurchased by the Company or that are issuable upon exercise of options that expire or become
unexercisable for any reason without having been exercised in full, will be available for grant and
issuance under the 2007 Plan. On June 3, 2010, at the Companys 2010 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders, the Companys stockholders approved an amendment to the 2007 Plan to increase the
aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2007 Plan by 3,000
shares. Furthermore, the number of shares available for grant and issuance under the 2007 Plan was
increased automatically on January 1 of each of 2008 through 2011 by an amount equal to 3% of the
Companys shares outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31.
The Company may grant options under the 2007 Plan at prices no less than 85% of the estimated
fair value of the shares on the date of grant as determined by its Board of Directors, provided,
however, that (i) the exercise price of an incentive stock option (ISO) or non-qualified stock
options (NSO) may not be less than 100% or 85%, respectively, of the estimated fair value of the
underlying shares of common stock on the grant date, and (ii) the exercise price of an ISO or NSO
granted to a 10% stockholder may not be less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the shares on
the grant date. Prior to the Companys IPO, the Board determined the fair value of common stock in
good faith based on the best information available to the Board and Companys management at the
time of the
grant. Following the IPO, the fair value of the Companys common stock is determined by the
last sale price of such stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on the date of determination. The stock
options granted to employees generally vest with respect to 25% of the underlying shares one year
from the vesting commencement date and with respect to an additional 1/48 of the underlying shares
per month thereafter. Stock options granted during 2007 prior to October 25, 2007 have a
contractual term of ten years and stock options granted on or after October 25, 2007 have a
contractual term of six years.
20
The 2007 Plan also provides the Board of Directors the ability to grant restricted stock
awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, performance shares and stock bonuses. As
of September 30, 2011, 4,186 shares were available for future grants under the 2007 Plan.
2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 2007, the Companys Board of Directors adopted, and in March 2007 the Companys
stockholders approved, the 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 2007 Purchase Plan). The
Company initially reserved 667 shares of its common stock for issuance under the 2007 Purchase
Plan. On each January 1 for the first eight calendar years after the first offering date, the
aggregate number of shares of the Companys common stock reserved for issuance under the 2007
Purchase Plan will be increased automatically by the number of shares equal to 1% of the total
number of outstanding shares of the Companys common stock on the immediately preceding December
31, provided that the Board of Directors may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular
year and provided further that the aggregate number of shares issued over the term of this plan may
not exceed 5,333. The 2007 Purchase Plan permits eligible employees, including employees of certain
of the Companys subsidiaries, to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions
during defined offering periods. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of
85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an offering period or after a
purchase period ends.
In January 2009, the 2007 Purchase Plan was amended to provide that the Compensation Committee
of the Companys Board of Directors may fix a maximum number of shares that may be purchased in the
aggregate by all participants during any single offering period (the Maximum Offering Period Share
Amount). The Committee may later raise or lower the Maximum Offering Period Share Amount. The
Committee established the Maximum Offering Period Share Amount of 500 shares for the offering
period that commenced on February 15, 2009 and ended on August 14, 2009, and a Maximum Offering
Period Share Amount of 200 shares for each offering period thereafter. In October 2011, the
Committee increased the Maximum Offering Period Share Amount for the offering period that commenced
on August 22, 2011 and for each offering period thereafter to 300 shares.
As of September 30, 2011, 603 shares were available for issuance under the 2007 Purchase Plan.
2008 Equity Inducement Plan
In March 2008, the Companys Board of Directors adopted the 2008 Equity Inducement Plan (the
Inducement Plan) to augment the shares available under its existing 2007 Plan. The Inducement
Plan did not require the approval of the Companys stockholders. The Company initially reserved 600
shares of its common stock for grant and issuance under the Inducement Plan. On December 28, 2009,
the Companys Board of Directors appointed Niccolo de Masi as the Companys President and Chief
Executive Officer and the Compensation Committee of the Companys Board of Directors awarded him a
non-qualified stock option to purchase 1,250 shares of the Companys common stock, which was issued
on January 4, 2010 under the Inducement Plan. Immediately prior to the grant of this award, the
Compensation Committee amended the Inducement Plan to increase the number of shares available for
grant under the plan by 819 shares to 1,250 shares. In connection with the Merger and the Share
Purchase, the Compensation Committee of the Companys Board of Directors increased the number of
shares reserved for issuance under the Companys 2008 Equity Inducement Plan by 1,050 shares. The
Company utilized these additional shares to grant stock options to certain of the new non-executive
employees of Griptonite and Blammo to purchase shares of the Companys common stock. The Company
may only grant NSOs under the Inducement Plan. Grants under the Inducement Plan may only be made to
persons not previously an employee or director of the Company, or following a bona fide period of
non-employment, as an inducement material to such individuals entering into employment with the
Company and to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for the Companys
success. The Company may grant NSOs under the Inducement Plan at prices less than 100% of the fair
value of the shares on the date of grant, at the discretion of its Board of Directors. The fair
value of the Companys common stock is determined by the last sale price of such stock on the
NASDAQ Global Market on the date of determination.
As of September 30, 2011, 151 shares were reserved for future grants under the Inducement
Plan.
21
Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes the Companys stock option activity for the three months ended
September 30, 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
|
Average |
|
|
Average |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
|
|
Shares |
|
|
of |
|
|
Exercise |
|
|
Contractual |
|
|
Intrinsic |
|
|
|
Available |
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Price |
|
|
Term (Years) |
|
|
Value |
|
Balances at December 31, 2010 |
|
|
4,148 |
|
|
|
6,928 |
|
|
$ |
2.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in authorized shares |
|
|
2,388 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options granted |
|
|
(3,271 |
) |
|
|
3,271 |
|
|
|
4.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options canceled |
|
|
1,072 |
|
|
|
(1,072 |
) |
|
|
2.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercised |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(755 |
) |
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balances at September 30, 2011 |
|
|
4,337 |
|
|
|
8,372 |
|
|
$ |
2.78 |
|
|
|
4.77 |
|
|
$ |
3,882 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options vested and expected to vest at
September 30, 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,786 |
|
|
$ |
2.75 |
|
|
|
4.66 |
|
|
$ |
3,357 |
|
Options exercisable at September 30, 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,443 |
|
|
$ |
2.89 |
|
|
|
3.96 |
|
|
$ |
1,611 |
|
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table is calculated as the difference
between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted closing price of the Companys
common stock of $2.11 per share as of September 30, 2011. Consolidated net cash proceeds from
option exercises were $1,512 and $278 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010,
respectively. The Company realized no significant income tax benefit from stock option exercises
during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 or 2010. As required, the Company presents excess
tax benefits from the exercise of stock options, if any, as financing cash flows rather than
operating cash flows.
The Company applies the fair value provisions of ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation
(ASC 718). Under ASC 718, the Company estimated the fair value of each option award on the grant
date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the weighted average assumptions noted in
the following table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Dividend yield |
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
% |
Risk-free interest
rate |
|
|
0.80 |
% |
|
|
0.81 |
% |
|
|
1.25 |
% |
|
|
1.23 |
% |
Expected volatility |
|
|
64.9 |
% |
|
|
78.3 |
% |
|
|
64.2 |
% |
|
|
77.0 |
% |
Expected term
(years) |
|
|
4.04 |
|
|
|
3.10 |
|
|
|
4.01 |
|
|
|
3.12 |
|
The Company based its expected volatility on its own historic volatility and the
historical volatility of a peer group of publicly traded entities. The expected term of options
gave consideration to early exercises, post-vesting cancellations and the options contractual
term, which was extended for all options granted subsequent to September 12, 2005 but prior to
October 25, 2007 from five to ten years. Stock options granted on or after October 25, 2007 have a
contractual term of six years. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is
based on the U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Rate as of the date of grant. The weighted-average
fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was
$2.00 and $0.62, respectively.
The Company calculated employee stock-based compensation expense recognized in the nine months
ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 based on awards ultimately expected to vest and reduced it for
estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and
revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
The following table summarizes the consolidated stock-based compensation expense by line items
in the consolidated statement of operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Research and development |
|
$ |
356 |
|
|
$ |
104 |
|
|
$ |
587 |
|
|
$ |
385 |
|
Sales and marketing |
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
897 |
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stock-based
compensation expense |
|
$ |
838 |
|
|
$ |
355 |
|
|
$ |
1,740 |
|
|
$ |
1,229 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22
The above table includes compensation expense attributable to the contingent
consideration potentially issuable to the Blammo employees, which is recorded as research and
development expense over the term of the earn-out periods, as these employees are primarily
employed in product development. The Company will re-measure the fair value of the contingent
consideration each reporting period and will only record a compensation expense for the portion of
the earn-out target which is likely to be achieved. The total fair value of this liability has been
estimated at $607, of which $108 of stock-based compensation expense has been recorded during each
of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.
As of September 30, 2011, the Company had
$5,126 of total unrecognized compensation expense under ASC 718, net of estimated forfeitures,
which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.96 years. As permitted by ASC 718, the
Company has deferred the recognition of its excess tax benefit from non-qualified stock option
exercises.
Note 10 Income Taxes
The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $813 and a provision of $504 for the three
months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, primarily related to foreign withholding
taxes and income taxes. The Company recorded an income tax provision of $462 and $1,003 for the
nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, also primarily related to foreign
withholding taxes and income taxes. The Company recorded a release of its valuation allowance of
$1,702 in the three months ended September 30, 2011. This release is associated with the
acquisition of Griptonite in August 2011. Pursuant to ASC 805-740, changes in the Companys
valuation allowance that stem from a business combination should be recognized as an element of the
Companys deferred income tax expense or benefit. The Company previously recognized a valuation
allowance against its net operating loss carryforwards and determined that it should be able to
utilize the benefit of those net operating losses against the deferred tax liabilities of
Griptonite; therefore, it has partially released its pre-existing valuation allowance. This release
of the valuation allowance caused the Company to recognize an income tax benefit for the three
months ended September 30, 2011. The Company also amended the 2007, 2008 and 2009 income tax returns
of its Brazilian subsidiary in the three months ended September 30, 2011. The total amount due to
the Brazilian taxing authority, including tax, interest and penalties, was approximately $327, of
which approximately $166 was recognized as an income tax expense in the three months ended
September 30, 2011. The income tax rates vary from the Federal and State statutory rates due to the
valuation allowances on the Companys net operating losses, foreign tax rate differences and
withholding taxes.
In connection with the acquisition of Griptonite, in the three months ended September 30,
2011, the Company recorded current deferred tax assets of $350 and long-term deferred tax
liabilities of $2,052, with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. These deferred taxes were
primarily related to identifiable intangible assets, prepaid expenses and accrued expenses.
In connection with the acquisition of Blammo, in the three months ended September 30, 2011,
the Company recorded current deferred tax assets of $60 and long-term deferred tax liabilities of
$476, with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. These deferred taxes were primarily related to
identifiable intangible assets and net operating losses.
The Company estimates its annual effective tax rate at the end of each quarterly period and
records the tax effect of certain discrete items, which are unusual or occur infrequently, in the
interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year
or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized and jurisdictions where a reliable
estimate of ordinary income cannot be made are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax
rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a
particular quarter depending on the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.
The Companys ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards and federal and state tax credit
carryforwards to offset future taxable income and future taxes, respectively, may be subject to
restrictions attributable to equity transactions that result in changes in ownership as defined by
Internal Revenue Code Section 382.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes
(ASC 740). As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total amount of unrecognized tax
benefits was $3,287 and $3,326, respectively. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010,
approximately $19 and $73, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would impact
the Companys effective tax rate. The remaining balance, if recognized, would adjust the Companys
goodwill from acquisitions or would adjust the Companys deferred tax assets, which are subject to
a valuation allowance.
The Companys policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax
benefits in income tax expense. The Company recorded $62 and $60 of interest on uncertain tax
positions during the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Company
recorded $185 and $177 of interest on uncertain tax positions during the nine months ended
September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the
Company had a liability of $3,853 and $3,630, respectively, related to interest and penalties for
uncertain tax positions.
23
One of the Companys subsidiaries in China has received the High & New Technology Enterprise
qualification from the Ministry of Science and Technology, and also the Software Enterprise
Qualification from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. During the third quarter of
2010, the State Administration of Taxation approved the Companys application to apply the
favorable tax benefits to operations beginning January 1, 2009. The Company has revalued certain
deferred tax assets and liabilities during the fourth quarter of 2010, and certain taxes that were
expensed in 2009 were refunded in 2010, and the tax benefit was recognized. These qualifications
are reviewed annually, and if circumstances change and the Company no longer meets the requirements
of the original qualification, the Company would need to revalue certain deferred tax assets and
liabilities.
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. The
material jurisdictions subject to examination by tax authorities are primarily the State of
California, the State of Washington, United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, Canada and China. The
Companys federal tax return is open by statute for tax years 2001 and forward and could be subject
to examination by the tax authorities. The Companys California income tax returns are open by
statute for tax years 2001 and forward. The statute of limitations for the Companys 2008 filed tax
return in the United Kingdom will begin to expire (close) in 2011. The Companys Brazil income tax
returns are open by statute for tax years 2007 and forward. The Companys China income tax returns
are open by statute for tax years 2006 and forward. In practice, a tax audit, examination or tax
assessment notice issued by the Chinese tax authorities does not represent finalization or closure
of a tax year.
Note 11 Segment Reporting
ASC 280, Segment Reporting (ASC 280), establishes standards for reporting information about
operating segments. It defines operating segments as components of an enterprise about which
separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating
decision-maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing
performance. The Companys chief operating decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The
Companys Chief Executive Officer reviews financial information on a geographic basis, however this
information is included within one operating segment for purposes of allocating resources and
evaluating financial performance.
Accordingly, the Company reports as a single operating segment mobile games. It attributes
revenues to geographic areas based on the country in which the distributors or carriers principal
operations are located.
A breakdown of the Companys total sales to customers in the feature phone and smartphone
markets is shown below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Feature phone |
|
$ |
7,248 |
|
|
$ |
13,090 |
|
|
$ |
25,979 |
|
|
$ |
41,903 |
|
Smartphone |
|
|
9,657 |
|
|
|
2,378 |
|
|
|
25,032 |
|
|
|
6,806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
16,905 |
|
|
$ |
15,468 |
|
|
$ |
51,011 |
|
|
$ |
48,709 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company generates its revenues in the following geographic regions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
United States of America |
|
$ |
8,769 |
|
|
$ |
6,817 |
|
|
$ |
25,262 |
|
|
$ |
22,407 |
|
China |
|
|
885 |
|
|
|
1,638 |
|
|
|
3,197 |
|
|
|
4,393 |
|
Americas, excluding the
USA |
|
|
1,225 |
|
|
|
2,550 |
|
|
|
4,596 |
|
|
|
6,958 |
|
EMEA |
|
|
4,499 |
|
|
|
3,757 |
|
|
|
14,559 |
|
|
|
12,897 |
|
Other |
|
|
1,527 |
|
|
|
706 |
|
|
|
3,397 |
|
|
|
2,054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
16,905 |
|
|
$ |
15,468 |
|
|
$ |
51,011 |
|
|
$ |
48,709 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24
The Company attributes its long-lived assets, which primarily consist of property and
equipment, to a country primarily based on the physical location of the assets. Property and
equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, summarized by geographic location was
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
Americas |
|
$ |
3,087 |
|
|
$ |
1,013 |
|
EMEA |
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
714 |
|
Other |
|
|
405 |
|
|
|
407 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,871 |
|
|
$ |
2,134 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 12 Restructuring
Restructuring information as of September 30, 2011 was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restructuring |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Facilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Facilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Facilities |
|
|
Superscape |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Workforce |
|
|
Related |
|
|
Workforce |
|
|
Related |
|
|
Workforce |
|
|
Related |
|
|
Plan |
|
|
Total |
|
Balance as of January 1, 2010 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
629 |
|
|
$ |
737 |
|
|
$ |
40 |
|
|
$ |
1,406 |
|
Charges to operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,540 |
|
|
|
1,854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,629 |
|
Non Cash Adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(269 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(272 |
) |
Charges settled in cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,244 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(629 |
) |
|
|
(414 |
) |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
(2,301 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31,
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
1,585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
558 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
2,462 |
|
Charges to operations |
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
637 |
|
Non Cash Adjustments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(86 |
) |
Charges settled in cash |
|
|
(500 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(220 |
) |
|
|
(738 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(248 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,716 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of September 30,
2011 |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
117 |
|
|
$ |
847 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
310 |
|
|
$ |
23 |
|
|
$ |
1,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During 2009, 2010 and the first two quarters of 2011, the Companys management approved
restructuring plans to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its operating model and reduce
operating expenses around the world. The 2011 restructuring plan included $500 of restructuring
charges relating to employee termination costs in the Companys APAC, Latin America, Russia and
United Kingdom offices. The remaining restructuring charge of $96 related primarily to
facility-related charges resulting from vacating a portion of the Companys Moscow offices, which
includes an $86 non-cash adjustment relating to a write off of leasehold improvements. Since the
inception of the 2010 restructuring plan through September 30, 2011, the Company incurred $1,581 of
restructuring charges relating to employee termination costs in the Companys United States, APAC,
Latin America and United Kingdom offices. The remaining restructuring charge of $1,854 related
primarily to facility-related charges resulting from the relocation of the Companys corporate
headquarters to San Francisco, which includes a $269 non-cash adjustment, primarily relating to a
write off in fixed assets. Since the inception of the 2009 restructuring plan through September 30,
2011, the Company incurred $2,111 in restructuring charges. These charges included $1,009 of
workforce-related charges, comprised of severance and termination benefits of $657 associated with
the departure of the Companys former Chief Executive Officer, and $352 relating to employee
termination costs in the Companys United States and United Kingdom offices. The remaining
restructuring charge included $1,102 of facility-related charges, comprised of $944 of charges
associated with changes in the sublease probability assumption for the vacated office space in the
Companys United States headquarters and an additional restructuring charge of $158 net of sublease
income, resulting from vacating a portion of the Companys EMEA headquarters based in the United
Kingdom. The Company does not expect to incur any additional charges under the 2009 restructuring
plan.
As of September 30, 2011, the Companys remaining restructuring liability of $1,297 was
comprised of $117 of severance and benefits payments due to a former executive, which are due to be
paid during 2011, and $1,180 of facility related costs that are expected to be paid over the
remainder of the lease terms of one to two years. As of December 31, 2010, the Companys remaining
restructuring liability of $2,462 was comprised of $296 of severance and benefits payments due to
former executives, of which $179 were paid in the first nine months of 2011, and $2,166 of facility
related costs, which included $773 of facility costs that were classified as other long-term
liabilities. The Company paid $986 of these facility costs during the first nine months of 2011.
25
|
|
|
ITEM 2. |
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The information in this discussion and elsewhere in this report contains forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such
statements are based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Any statements
contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking
statements. For example, the words may, will, believe, anticipate, plan, expect,
intend, could, estimate, continue and similar expressions or variations are intended to
identify forward-looking statements. In this report, forward-looking statements include, without
limitation, the following:
our expectations and beliefs regarding the future conduct and growth of our
business;
our expectations regarding competition and our ability to compete effectively;
our expectations regarding the development of our social, freemium games for
smartphones and tablets;
our intention to continue our use of in-game advertising, offers,
micro-transactions and other monetization techniques with respect to the games we develop for
smartphones and tablets;
our expectation that the substantial majority of the social, freemium games that we
are developing for smartphones and tablets will be based on our own intellectual property, which
we believe will significantly enhance our margins and long-term value;
our expectations regarding our revenues, including the expected continued decline
in revenues from games we develop for feature phones in our carrier-based business and our
belief that with our smartphone revenues having exceeded our feature phone revenues for the
second consecutive quarter and continuing to grow, we are positioned to return to overall
revenue growth in the longer term;
our expectation that our smartphone revenues will increase by at least 90% in the
second half of 2012 compared with the second half of 2011;
our expectations regarding our operating expenses, including anticipated increased
spending on sales and marketing and research and development initiatives during 2011 compared
with 2010, as well as the anticipated impact that our recent acquisitions of Blammo Games Inc.
(Blammo) and Griptonite, Inc. (Griptonite) will have on our operating expenses;
our expectation that we will break even on a run-rate basis once the new product
cycle from our acquisitions is fully active in early 2013 and that we will be able to achieve
profitability without needing to access the capital markets and without incurring any debt;
our expectation that the Blammo and Griptonite acquisitions will approximately
double our studio capacity;
our expectation that our first title created by Blammo will be released by the
first quarter of 2012, while the first title created by our Griptonite studio should be launched
by the second quarter of 2012;
our assumptions regarding the impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements applicable
to us;
our assessments and estimates that determine our effective tax rate and valuation
allowance; and
our belief that our cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations will
be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next 12 months.
26
Our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ significantly from the results
discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a discrepancy include,
but are not limited to, those discussed in Risk Factors elsewhere in this report. All
forward-looking statements in this document are based on information available to us as of the date
hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements to reflect future
events or circumstances.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations
should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and
related notes contained elsewhere in this report. Our Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) includes the following sections:
|
|
An Overview that discusses at a high level our operating results and some of the trends
that affect our business; |
|
|
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates that we believe are important to understanding
the assumptions and judgments underlying our financial statements; |
|
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements; |
|
|
Results of Operations, including a more detailed discussion of our revenues and expenses;
and |
|
|
Liquidity and Capital Resources, which discusses key aspects of our statements of cash
flows, changes in our balance sheets and our financial commitments. |
Overview
This overview provides a high-level discussion of our operating results and some of the trends
that affect our business. We believe that an understanding of these trends is important to
understand our financial results for the first nine months of 2011, as well as our future
prospects. This summary is not intended to be exhaustive, nor is it intended to be a substitute for
the detailed discussion and analysis provided elsewhere in this report, including our unaudited
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.
Financial Results and Trends
Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2011 were $16.9 million, a 9% increase
compared to the three months ended September 30, 2010 in which we reported revenues of $15.5
million. Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 were $51.0 million, a 5% increase
compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010 in which we reported revenues of $48.7
million. These increases in revenues were primarily due to a significant increase in our revenues
that we generated from games for smartphones, such as Apples iPhone and mobile phones utilizing
Googles Android operating system. We believe that the migration of users from feature phones to
smartphone devices, which offer enhanced functionality, will continue to accelerate for the
remainder of 2011 and for the foreseeable future as consumers increasingly upgrade their mobile
phones. Accordingly, we have shifted our product development focus towards developing new titles
for smartphones and tablet devices, such as Apples iPad, and intend to continue to devote
significantly fewer resources towards selling games for feature phones in future periods.
For us to succeed in 2011 and beyond, we believe that we must increasingly publish mobile
games that are widely accepted and commercially successful on smartphone and tablet digital
storefronts, which include Apples App Store, Googles Android Market, Amazons Appstore and
Microsofts Windows Marketplace. Our smartphone revenues accounted for approximately 49% and 14% of
our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively, and
57% and 15% of our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010,
respectively. Our strategy for increasing our revenues from smartphones and tablets involves
becoming the leading publisher of social, mobile freemium games games that are downloadable
without an initial charge, but which enable a variety of additional content and features to be
accessed for a fee or otherwise monetized through various advertising and offer techniques. Our
social, freemium games are generally designed to be persistent experiences maintained through
regular content updates. We believe this approach will enable us to build and grow a longer lasting
and more direct relationship with our customers, which will assist us in our future sales and
marketing efforts. We intend to have the substantial majority of our social, freemium games be
based upon our own intellectual property, which we believe will significantly enhance our margins
and long-term value.
27
Our smartphone revenues surpassed our feature phone revenues for the first time in the
second quarter of 2011 and continued to grow during the third quarter of 2011. We believe that this
transition will position us to return to overall revenue growth in the longer term. In particular,
we expect that our smartphone revenues will increase by at least 90% in the second half of 2012
compared with the second half of 2011. However, significantly growing our revenues from smartphones
and tablets may be challenging for us for several reasons, including: (1) our inability since the
middle of the second quarter of 2011 to include certain types of virtual currency-incented
advertizing offers in our games sold on the Apple App Store, which offers accounted for
approximately one-third of our smartphone revenues during the three and six months ended June 30,
2011; (2) the open nature of many of the smartphone and tablet storefronts substantially increases
the number of our competitors and competitive products, many of which competitors may devote large
marketing budgets to promoting their titles at the expense of discovery of our titles; (3) we have
only relatively recently concentrated our efforts on developing and marketing social, freemium
games; (4) our relatively limited experience creating games that include micro-transaction
capabilities, advertizing and offers has caused us, and may continue to cause us to have,
difficulty optimizing the monetization of our social, freemium games; (5) we historically have had
more limited success in generating significant revenues from games based on our own intellectual
property rather than licensed brands; and (6) our social, freemium games may not be widely
downloaded by consumers for a variety of reasons, including poor consumer reviews or other negative
publicity, ineffective or insufficient marketing efforts or a failure to achieve prominent
storefront featuring for such games.
In addition, our revenues will continue to depend significantly on growth in the mobile games
market, our ability to continue to attract new end users in that market and the overall strength of
the economy, particularly in the United States. Our revenues may also be adversely impacted by
decisions by digital storefront owners or our carriers to alter their terms related to the
distribution of our games. For example, during the quarter ended June 30, 2011, Apple stopped
permitting publishers to include certain types of advertizing in games sold through the Apple App
Store, and this change in Apple policy has negatively impacted our smartphone revenues. Our
revenues depend on a variety of other factors, including our relationships with digital storefront
owners, carriers, other distributors and our licensors. The loss of any key relationships with our
digital storefront owners, carriers, other distributors or licensors could adversely impact our
revenues in the future.
Our net loss in the three months ended September 30, 2011 was $6.2 million versus a net loss
of $1.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2010. This increase in our net loss was
primarily due to an increase in operating expenses of $6.8 million driven by additional personnel
and facility costs associated with the acquisitions of Griptonite and Blammo and increased research
and development and sales and marketing expenses associated with the launch and development of our
freemium titles. In addition, our cost of revenues increased by $815,000 due to increased
amortization expense associated with intangible assets acquired in the Griptonite and Blammo
acquisitions. These increases were partially offset by a $1.4 million increase in revenues due to
continued growth in sales of our smartphone games which includes an additional $687,000 of revenues
contributed by Griptonite, a decrease in income tax provision of $1.3 million due primarily to the
release of the valuation allowance associated with the acquisition of Griptonite and a decrease in
other income and expenses of $258,000 related primarily to lower interest charges as the MIG
promissory notes were fully repaid and favorable foreign exchange revaluations in the third quarter
of 2011 compared to the same period in the prior year. Our net loss in the nine months ended
September 30, 2011 was $11.1 million versus a net loss of $8.5 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2010. This increase in our net loss was primarily due to an increase in operating
expenses of $10.0 million driven by additional personnel and facility costs associated with the
acquisitions of Griptonite and Blammo and increased research and development and sales and
marketing expenses associated with the launch and development of our freemium titles. This increase
was partially offset by a decrease in our cost of revenues by $2.6 million due to a decrease in
royalty-burdened revenues and impairments of advanced royalties, a $2.3 million increase in
revenues due to continued growth in sales of our smartphone games which includes an additional
$687,000 of revenues contributed by Griptonite, a decrease in other income and expenses of $2.0
million related primarily to lower interest charges as the MIG promissory notes were fully repaid
and favorable foreign exchange revaluations in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the same
period in 2010 and a decrease in income tax provision of $541,000 due primarily to the release of
the valuation allowance associated with the acquisition of Griptonite. Our operating results are
also affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates of the currencies in which we
incur meaningful operating expenses (principally the British Pound Sterling, Chinese Renminbi,
Brazilian Real and Russian Ruble), and our customers reporting currencies, as we transact business
in more than 70 countries in more than 20 different currencies, and these currencies fluctuated
significantly in 2010 and the first nine months of 2011.
We significantly increased our spending on sales and marketing initiatives in the first nine
months of 2011 in connection with the launch and promotion of our social, freemium games, and we
expect our sales and marketing expenditures to continue to increase during the fourth quarter of
2011. We also expect that our expenses to develop and port games for smartphones and tablets will
increase as we enhance our existing titles and develop new titles to take advantage of the
additional functionality offered by these devices, including through our external development
relationships as part of our Glu Partners program. In addition, we expect our overall operating
expenses, particularly our research and development expenses, to significantly increase in the
fourth quarter of 2011 and beyond due to our recently completed acquisitions of Griptonite and
Blammo. As a result of these acquisitions and the increased spending on sales and marketing and
research and development initiatives, we expect to use a significant amount of cash in operations
in the fourth quarter of 2011 as we seek to grow our business. We expect to continue to use cash in
operations throughout 2012, though at declining rates. We anticipate breaking even on a run-rate
basis once the new product cycle from our acquisitions is fully active in early 2013. We anticipate
achieving profitability without needing to access the capital markets and without incurring any
debt.
28
Our ability to attain profitability will be affected by our ability to grow our revenues,
including our ability to integrate these acquisitions and begin deriving significant revenues from
the efforts of the acquired companies, particularly Griptonite, and the extent to which we must
incur additional expenses to expand our sales, marketing, development, and general and
administrative capabilities to grow our business. The largest component of our recurring expenses
is personnel costs, which consist of salaries, benefits and incentive compensation, including
bonuses and stock-based compensation, for our employees. We expect that the restructuring measures
we implemented during 2010 and first and second quarters of 2011, which primarily consisted of
headcount reductions, will have a beneficial effect on our overall operating expenses, but will not
fully offset the expected increases in our operating expenses. Our business has historically been
impacted by seasonality, as many new mobile handset models are released in the fourth calendar
quarter to coincide with the holiday shopping season. Because many end users download our games
soon after they purchase new mobile phones and tablets, we generally experience seasonal sales
increases based on the holiday selling period. However, due to the time between mobile phone and
tablet purchases and game purchases, some of this holiday impact occurs for us in our first
calendar quarter. We expect these seasonal trends to continue in the future.
Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2011 totaled $36.9 million, an increase of $24.0
million from the $12.9 million balance at December 31, 2010. This increase was primarily due to
$15.7 million of net proceeds we received from the underwritten public offering of common stock
that we completed in January 2011 (the 2011 Public Offering), $10.3 million in cash that we
acquired in connection with our acquisition of Griptonite in August 2011, and $5.4 million of
proceeds received from warrant exercises, option exercises and purchases under our employee stock
purchase program. These inflows were partially offset by $2.3 million paid under our credit
facility, $2.5 million of cash used in operations, $2.0 million of capital expenditures and
$698,000 of taxes that had been withheld on the December 31, 2010 Special Bonus Notes payment made
to the former MIG shareholders. We believe our cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from
operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months.
Significant Transactions
Acquisition of Griptonite
On August 2, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Griptonite pursuant to an Agreement and
Plan of Merger, as amended (the Merger Agreement), by and among Glu, Granite Acquisition Corp., a
Washington corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Glu (Sub), Foundation 9 and Griptonite.
Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Sub merged with and into Griptonite in a statutory
reverse triangular merger (the Merger), with Griptonite surviving the Merger as a wholly owned
subsidiary of Glu.
In connection with the Merger, we issued to Foundation 9, as Griptonites sole shareholder, in
exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of Griptonite capital stock, a total of
6,106,015 shares of our common stock, of which 600,000 shares will be held in escrow until November
2, 2012 as security to satisfy indemnification claims under the Merger Agreement. In addition, we
may be required to issue additional shares (not to exceed 5,301,919 shares) or in specified
circumstances pay additional cash (i) in satisfaction of indemnification obligations in the case
of, among other things, breaches of our representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger
Agreement or (ii) pursuant to potential working capital adjustments.
Acquisition of Blammo
On August 1, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Blammo by entering into a Share Purchase
Agreement (the Share Purchase Agreement) by and among Glu, Blammo and each of the owners of the
outstanding share capital of Blammo (the Sellers).
Pursuant to the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, we purchased from the Sellers all of
the issued and outstanding share capital of Blammo (the Share Purchase), and in exchange for such
Blammo share capital, we (i) issued to the Sellers, in the aggregate, 1,000,000 shares of our
common stock (the Initial Shares) and (ii) agreed to issue to the Sellers, in the aggregate, up
to an additional 3,312,937 shares of our common stock (the Additional Shares) if Blammo achieves
certain net revenue targets during the years ending March 31, 2013, March 31, 2014 and March 31,
2015, as more fully described below. 100,000 of the Initial Shares will be held in escrow until
August 1, 2012 to satisfy potential indemnification claims under the Share Purchase Agreement.
The Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if, and to the extent that, Blammo
achieves certain Net Revenue (as such term is defined in the Share Purchase Agreement) performance
targets as follows: (i) for fiscal 2013 (April 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013), (a) 227,273
Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if, and only in the event that, Blammo meets its
Baseline Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, and (b) up to an additional 681,818 Additional
Shares will be issued to the Sellers to the extent that Blammo exceeds its Baseline Net Revenue
goal and meets its Upside Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, (ii) for fiscal 2014 (April 1,
2013 through March 31, 2014), (a) 416,667 Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if, and
only in the event that,
29
Blammo
meets its Baseline Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, and (b) up to an additional 833,333 Additional
Shares will be issued to the Sellers to the extent that Blammo exceeds its Baseline Net Revenue
goal and meets its Upside Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year, and (iii) for fiscal 2015 (April
1, 2014 through March 31, 2015), (a) no Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers if Blammo
does not meet its Baseline Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year and (b) up to 1,153,846 Additional
Shares will be issued to the Sellers to the extent that Blammo exceeds its Baseline Net Revenue
goal and meets its Upside Net Revenue goal for such fiscal year. To the extent that Blammo meets
its Baseline Net Revenue goal for a fiscal year but does not meet its Upside Net Revenue goal for
such fiscal year, Additional Shares will be issued to the Sellers on a straight-line basis based on
the amount by which Blammo exceeded the Baseline Net Revenue goal. Blammos Baseline and Upside Net
Revenue goals for fiscal 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fiscal Year |
|
Baseline Net Revenue |
|
|
Upside Net Revenue |
|
Fiscal 2013 |
|
$ |
3,500,000 |
|
|
$ |
5,000,000 |
|
Fiscal 2014 |
|
$ |
5,500,000 |
|
|
$ |
10,000,000 |
|
Fiscal 2015 |
|
$ |
8,500,000 |
|
|
$ |
15,000,000 |
|
We expect that the Blammo and Griptonite acquisitions will approximately double our
studio capacity. We anticipate that our first title created by Blammo will be released by the first
quarter of 2012, while the first title created by our Griptonite studio should be launched by the
second quarter of 2012.
Public Offering
In January 2011, we completed the 2011 Public Offering in which we sold an aggregate of
8,414,635 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $2.05 per share for net proceeds
of approximately $15.7 million after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.
The underwriters of the 2011 Public Offering were Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Craig-Hallum Capital
Group LLC, Merriman Capital, Inc. and Northland Capital Markets.
Private Placement
In August 2010, we completed a private placement of our common stock (the 2010 Private
Placement) in which we issued and sold to certain investors an aggregate of 13,495,000 shares of
common stock at $1.00 per share and warrants exercisable to purchase up to 6,747,500 shares of
common stock at $1.50 per share for initial gross proceeds of approximately $13.5 million
(excluding any proceeds we may receive upon exercise of the warrants).
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Except for adding a policy on business combinations as discussed in Note 1 of Notes to
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, management believes there
were no significant changes in our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates during the nine
months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
disclosed in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information with respect to Recent Accounting Pronouncements may be found in Note 1 of Notes
to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, which information is
incorporated herein by reference.
30
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Feature phone |
|
$ |
7,248 |
|
|
$ |
13,090 |
|
Smartphone |
|
|
9,657 |
|
|
|
2,378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
16,905 |
|
|
$ |
15,468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our revenues increased $1.4 million, or 9.3%, from $15.5 million for the three months
ended September 30, 2010 to $16.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, due to a
$7.3 million increase in smartphone revenues resulting from increased sales growth on Apples
iOS-based devices and Android devices related primarily to micro-transactions, offers and
advertisements and an additional $687,000 of revenues contributed from Griptonite. This was
partially offset by a $5.8 million decline in feature phone revenues primarily due to the continued
migration of users from feature phones to smartphones and our shift in our product development
focus towards developing new titles for smartphones and tablets. International revenues (defined as
revenues generated from carriers and other distributors whose principal operations are located
outside the United States) decreased by $515,000, from $8.7 million in the three months ended
September 30, 2010 to $8.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2011. This was primarily
related to a $1.3 million decrease in our Americas, excluding the United States, revenues,
primarily related to declining feature phone revenues. This decrease was partially offset by an
$742,000 increase in our EMEA revenues, primarily related to increased revenues from certain OEM
relationships, partially offset by continued declines in our carrier-based business. Our smartphone
revenues exceeded our feature phone revenues for the second consecutive quarter and have continued
to grow, and we believe that this transition will position us to return to overall revenue growth
in the longer term. We have experienced significant growth with respect to the revenues that we
derive from micro-transactions in our freemium games, and expect to experience additional growth
during the remainder of 2011.
Cost of Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Cost of revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties and impairment of prepaid
royalties and guarantees |
|
$ |
3,383 |
|
|
$ |
3,934 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
2,375 |
|
|
|
1,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenues |
|
$ |
5,758 |
|
|
$ |
4,943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
16,905 |
|
|
$ |
15,468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross margin |
|
|
65.9 |
% |
|
|
68.0 |
% |
Our cost of revenues increased $815,000, or 16.5%, from $4.9 million in the three months
ended September 30, 2010 to $5.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2011. This
increase was primarily due to a $1.4 million increase in amortization of intangible assets
associated with the additional intangible assets we acquired as part of both the Griptonite and
Blammo acquisitions. This increase was partially offset by a $551,000 decrease in royalties
associated with a decline in royalty-burdened revenue, impairments and recoupments of previously
impaired titles. Revenues attributable to games based upon branded intellectual property decreased
as a percentage of revenues from 77.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 46.8% in the
three months ended September 30, 2011, primarily due to our focus on developing freemium games for
smartphones and tablets that are based on our own intellectual property. Revenues attributable to
games based upon original intellectual property were 53.2% of our total revenues for the three
months ended September 30, 2011, primarily related to U.S. titles. The average royalty rate that we
paid on games based on licensed intellectual property, excluding royalty impairments, increased
from 32.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 40.7% in the three months ended
September 30, 2011. Overall royalties, including impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees, as
a percentage of total revenues decreased from 25.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to
20.0% in the three months ended September 30, 2011.
31
Research and Development Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Research and development expenses |
|
$ |
10,808 |
|
|
$ |
5,858 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
63.9 |
% |
|
|
37.9 |
% |
Our research and development expenses increased $5.0 million, or 84.5%, from $5.9 million
in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $10.8 million in the three months ended September
30, 2011. The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to a $3.0 million
increase in salaries, benefits and variable compensation under our employee bonus plans as we
increased our research and development headcount from 360 employees at September 30, 2010 to 462
employees as of September 30, 2011, mainly resulting from the acquisition of the Griptonite and
Blammo studios in the third quarter of 2011. The increase was also due to a $1.6 million increase
in outside service fees associated with the development of new freemium smartphone games by
external developers as part of our Glu Partners program, a $252,000 increase in stock-based
compensation expense, which includes a $108,000 charge associated with the contingent consideration
issued to employees of Blammo, a $193,000 increase in allocated facility and overhead costs and a
$160,000 increase in travel and entertainment associated with additional travel related to the
integration of the Griptonite acquisition and travel from our regional offices to our U.S.
headquarters as part of our Glu University initiative. These increased costs were partially offset
by a $441,000 decrease associated with Griptonite expenses allocated to costs of completion for
various games developed. As a percentage of revenues, research and development expenses increased
from 37.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2010 compared to 63.9% for the three months
ended September 30, 2011. Research and development expenses included $356,000 of stock-based
compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2011 and $104,000 in the three months
ended September 30, 2010. We anticipate that our research and development expenses will continue to
increase during the fourth quarter of 2011, primarily due to the increased headcount from the
Griptonite and Blammo acquisitions and our expected release of approximately 10 games for
smartphones during the fourth quarter of 2011.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Sales and marketing expenses |
|
$ |
3,576 |
|
|
$ |
2,692 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
21.2 |
% |
|
|
17.4 |
% |
Our sales and marketing expenses increased $884,000, or 32.8%, from $2.7 million in the
three months ended September 30, 2010 to $3.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2011.
The increase was primarily due to a $1.0 million increase in marketing promotions associated with
our social, freemium game titles. Salaries, benefits and variable compensation costs remained
relatively flat despite reducing our sales and marketing headcount from 52 at September 30, 2010 to
33 at September 30, 2011, as these headcount reductions were mainly in low cost locations and any
costs savings were offset by additional severance costs paid to two executives in the third quarter
of 2011. The increase in our sales and marketing expenses was partially offset by a $136,000
decrease in consulting fees. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses increased
from 17.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 21.2% in the three months ended
September 30, 2011. Sales and marketing expenses included $96,000 of stock-based compensation
expense in the three months ended September 30, 2011 and $50,000 in the three months ended
September 30, 2010. We significantly increased our spending on sales and marketing initiatives
during the first nine months of 2011 in connection with the launch of and continued marketing of
our social, freemium titles during 2011, and we expect our sales and marketing expenditures to
increase further during the fourth quarter of 2011.
General and Administrative Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
General and administrative expenses |
|
$ |
3,748 |
|
|
$ |
3,107 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
22.2 |
% |
|
|
20.1 |
% |
32
Our general and administrative expenses increased $641,000, or 20.6%, from $3.1 million
in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to $3.7 million in the three months ended September
30, 2011. The increase was primarily due to an $882,000 increase in professional, consulting and
outside service fees associated with external legal, audit and valuation services performed as part
of the Griptonite and Blammo acquisitions and a $185,000 increase in stock-based compensation
expense. Salaries, benefits and variable compensation costs remained relatively flat as headcount
increased from 61 at September 30, 2010 to 63 at September 30, 2011. The increase in our general
and administrative expenses were partially offset by a $359,000 decrease in allocated facility and
overhead
costs and a $178,000 favorable change in the fair market value of contingent consideration
issued to the Blammo non-employee shareholders. As a percentage of revenues, general and
administrative expenses increased from 20.1% in the three months ended September 30, 2010 to 22.2%
in the three months ended September 30, 2011. General and administrative expenses included $386,000
of stock-based compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2011 and $201,000 in
the three months ended September 30, 2010. We anticipate that our general and administrative
expenses will increase during the fourth quarter of 2011 due to the Griptonite and Blammo
acquisitions. In addition, we may also be exposed to continued fluctuations in the fair market
value of the contingent consideration issued to the Blammo non-employee shareholders, as the fair
value of the contingent consideration will be measured during each reporting period until the end
of the earn-out period in March 2015.
Other Operating Expenses
Our amortization of intangible assets increased from $53,000 in the three months ended
September 30, 2010 to $330,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2011. This increase was due
to two months of amortization expense associated with non-compete agreements capitalized at their
fair value as part of the purchase accounting for both the Griptonite and Blammo acquisitions.
Interest and Other Income/(Expense), Net
Interest and other income/(expense), net, increased from net income of $86,000 during the
three months ended September 30, 2010 to net income of $344,000 in the three months ended September
30, 2011. This increase was primarily due to foreign currency gains of $162,000 related to the
revaluation of certain assets and liabilities including accounts payable and accounts receivable
and a $96,000 decrease in net interest expense related to the lower balances outstanding on the MIG
notes and borrowings under our credit facility. We expect our net interest expense to decrease in
future periods due to having fully repaid the MIG notes at the end of 2010 and due to the
expiration of our credit facility at June 30, 2011.
Income Tax Provision
Income tax decreased from a tax provision of $504,000 in the three months ended September 30,
2010 to a tax benefit of $813,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2011. This change was
primarily due to a partial release of our valuation allowance, pursuant to ASC 805-740, as a result
of the acquisition of Griptonite. In addition, changes in the jurisdictions included in the
anticipated effective tax rate computation and changes in pre-tax income in certain foreign
entities year over year also affected our income tax posture. We expect our effective tax rate in
2011 to fluctuate on a quarterly basis. The effective tax rate could be affected by changes in the
valuation of our deferred tax assets, changes in actual results versus our estimates, or by changes
in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, or interpretations thereof.
We also amended the 2007, 2008 and 2009 income tax returns of our Brazilian subsidiary in the
three months ended September 30, 2011. The total amount due to the Brazilian taxing authority,
including tax, interest and penalties, was approximately $327,000, of which approximately $166,000
was recognized as an income tax expense in the three months ended September 30, 2011, which
partially offset any benefit from the release of the valuation allowance discussed above.
33
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Feature phone |
|
$ |
25,979 |
|
|
$ |
41,903 |
|
Smartphone |
|
|
25,032 |
|
|
|
6,806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
51,011 |
|
|
$ |
48,709 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Our revenues increased $2.3 million, or 4.7%, from $48.7 million for the nine months
ended September 30, 2010 to $51.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, due to an
$18.2 million increase in smartphone revenues resulting from increased sales growth on Apples
iOS-based devices and Android devices related primarily to micro-transactions, offers and
advertisements and an additional $687,000 of revenues contributed from Griptonite. This was
partially offset by a $15.9 million decline in feature phone revenues primarily due to the
continued migration of users from feature phones to smartphones and our shift in our product
development focus towards developing new titles for smartphone devices. International revenues
(defined as revenues generated from carriers and other distributors whose principal operations are
located outside the United States) decreased by $553,000 from $26.3 million in the nine months
ended September 30, 2010 to $25.7 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 2011. This was
primarily related to a $2.4 million decrease in our Americas, excluding the United States,
revenues, primarily related to declining feature phone revenues. This decrease was partially offset
by a $1.7 million increase in our EMEA revenues, primarily related to increased revenues from
certain OEM relationships, partially offset by continued declines in our carrier-based business.
Cost of Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Cost of revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties |
|
$ |
10,344 |
|
|
$ |
13,568 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
3,895 |
|
|
|
3,243 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenues |
|
$ |
14,239 |
|
|
$ |
16,811 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues |
|
$ |
51,011 |
|
|
$ |
48,709 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross margin |
|
|
72.1 |
% |
|
|
65.5 |
% |
Our cost of revenues decreased $2.6 million, or 15.3%, from $16.8 million in the nine
months ended September 30, 2010 to $14.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. This
decrease was primarily due to a $3.2 million decrease in royalties associated with a decline in
royalty-burdened revenue, impairments and recoupments of previously impaired titles. This decrease
was partially offset by a $652,000 increase in amortization of intangible assets associated with
the additional intangible assets we acquired as part of both the Griptonite and Blammo
acquisitions. Revenues attributable to games based upon branded intellectual property decreased as
a percentage of revenues from 79.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 55.5% in the
nine months ended September 30, 2011, primarily due to our focus on developing freemium games for
smartphones and tablets that are based on our own intellectual property. Revenues attributable to
games based upon original intellectual property were 44.5% of our total revenues for the nine
months ended September 30, 2011, primarily related to U.S. titles. The average royalty rate that we
paid on games based on licensed intellectual property, excluding royalty impairments, increased
from 33.4% in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 34.7% in the nine months ended September
30, 2011 due to increased sales of titles with higher royalty rates. Overall royalties, including
impairment of prepaid royalties and guarantees, as a percentage of total revenues decreased from
27.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 20.3% in the nine months ended September 30,
2011.
34
Research and Development Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Research and development expenses |
|
$ |
26,413 |
|
|
$ |
18,748 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
51.8 |
% |
|
|
38.5 |
% |
Our research and development expenses increased $7.7 million, or 40.9%, from $18.7
million in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $26.4 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2011. The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to a $4.5
million increase in salaries, benefits and variable compensation under our employee bonus plans as
we increased our research and development headcount from 360 employees at September 30, 2010 to 462
employees as of September 30, 2011, mainly resulting from the acquisitions of the Griptonite and
Blammo studios in the third quarter of 2011. The increase was also due to a $3.2 million increase
in outside service fees associated with the development of new freemium smartphone games by
external developers as part of our Glu Partners program, a $346,000 increase in travel and
entertainment associated with additional travel related to the integration of the Griptonite
acquisition and travel from our regional offices to our U.S. headquarters as part of our Glu
University initiative and a $202,000 increase in stock-based compensation expense, which includes a
$108,000 charge associated with the contingent consideration issued to employees of Blammo. These
increased costs were partially offset by a $441,000 decrease associated with Griptonite expenses
allocated to costs of completion for various games developed. As a percentage of revenues, research
and development expenses increased from 38.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 compared
to 51.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. Research and development expenses included
$587,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and
$385,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Sales and marketing expenses |
|
$ |
10,677 |
|
|
$ |
8,100 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
20.9 |
% |
|
|
16.6 |
% |
Our sales and marketing expenses increased $2.6 million, or 31.8%, from $8.1 million in
the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $10.7 million in the nine months ended September 30,
2011. The increase was primarily due to a $2.8 million increase in marketing promotions associated
with the launch of our social, freemium game titles and a $163,000 increase in consulting fees
associated with converting our Latin America sales and marketing team to third-party distribution
agents as discussed below. This amount was partially offset by a $250,000 decrease in salaries,
benefits, variable compensation and expatriate costs as we reduced our sales and marketing
headcount from 52 at September 30, 2010 to 33 at September 30, 2011, which was partially the result
of converting our Latin America sales and marketing team from our employees to employees of a third
party distribution agent in the second quarter of 2010 and headcount reductions to our MIG sales
and marketing team. As a percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses increased from 16.6%
in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 20.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2011.
Sales and marketing expenses included $256,000 of stock-based compensation expense in the nine
months ended September 30, 2011 and $163,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
General and Administrative Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended |
|
|
|
September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
General and administrative expenses |
|
$ |
10,188 |
|
|
$ |
9,972 |
|
Percentage of revenues |
|
|
20.0 |
% |
|
|
20.5 |
% |
35
Our general and administrative expenses increased $216,000, or 2.2%, from $10.0 million
in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to $10.2 million in the nine months ended September 30,
2011. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a $527,000 increase
in professional, consulting and outside service fees associated primarily with the external legal,
audit and valuation services performed as part of the Griptonite and Blammo acquisitions and a
$216,000 increase in stock-based compensation expense. We also had a $158,000 increase in salaries,
benefits and variable compensation due primarily to a $353,000 increase in variable compensation
under our employee bonus plans. However, salaries and benefit costs decreased in the nine months
ended September 30, 2011 compared to the corresponding period in 2010 despite headcount increasing
from 61 at September 30, 2010 to 63 at September 30, 2011. This is due to the fact that costs
attributable to the additional headcount that we added in the third quarter of 2011 was not enough
to offset lower salary costs from the first six months of 2011. The increase in general and
administrative expenses was partially offset by a $608,000 decrease in allocated facility and
overhead costs and a $178,000 favorable change in the fair market value of contingent consideration
issued to the Blammo non-employee shareholders. As a percentage of revenues, general and
administrative expenses decreased from 20.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to 20.0%
in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. General and administrative expenses included $897,000
of stock-based compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and $681,000 in the
nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Other Operating Expenses
Our restructuring charge decreased from $1.3 million in the nine months ended September 30,
2010 to $637,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. Our restructuring charges for the
nine months ended September 30, 2011 were comprised of $541,000 related to employee termination
costs in our United States, China, Brazil, Italy and United Kingdom offices and $96,000 related
primarily to facility-related charges associated with vacating a portion of our Moscow office.
Our amortization of intangible assets increased from $160,000 in the nine months ended
September 30, 2010 to $330,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. This increase was due
to two months of amortization expense associated with non-compete agreements capitalized at their
fair value as part of the purchase accounting for both the Griptonite and Blammo acquisitions.
Interest and Other Income/(Expense), Net
Interest and other income/(expense), net, increased from a net expense of $1.1 million during
the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to net income of $853,000 in the nine months ended
September 30, 2011. This change was primarily due to an increase in foreign currency gains of $1.5
million related to the revaluation of certain assets and liabilities including accounts payable and
accounts receivable, a $482,000 decrease in net interest expense related to the lower balances
outstanding on the MIG notes and borrowings under our credit facility.
Income Tax Provision
Income tax decreased from a tax provision of $1.0 million in the nine months ended September
30, 2010 to a tax provision of $462,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. This decrease
was primarily due to a partial release of our valuation allowance, pursuant to ASC 805-740, as a
result of the acquisition of Griptonite. In addition, changes in the jurisdictions included in the
anticipated effective tax rate computation and changes in pre-tax income in certain foreign
entities year over year also affected our income tax posture.
We also amended the 2007, 2008 and 2009 income tax returns of our Brazilian subsidiary in the
three months ended September 30, 2011. The total amount due to the Brazilian taxing authority,
including tax, interest and penalties, was approximately $327,000, of which approximately $166,000
was recognized as an income tax expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2011, which
partially offset any benefit from the release of the valuation allowance discussed above.
36
Liquidity and Capital Resources
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
$ |
5,528 |
|
|
$ |
4,964 |
|
Cash flows (used in)/provided by operating
activities |
|
|
(2,470 |
) |
|
|
2,569 |
|
Cash flows provided by/(used in) investing
activities |
|
|
8,370 |
|
|
|
(517 |
) |
Cash flows provided by financing activities |
|
|
18,119 |
|
|
|
3,569 |
|
Since our inception, we have incurred recurring losses and negative annual cash flows
from operating activities, and we had an accumulated deficit of $201.8 million as of September 30,
2011.
Operating Activities
In the nine months ended September 30, 2011, net cash used in operating activities was $2.5
million, primarily due to a net loss of $11.1 million and a
decrease in accrued royalties of $2.8
million. These amounts were partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.0 million,
a decrease in prepaid royalties of $1.3 million and an increase in accounts payable of $961,000. In
addition, we had adjustments for non-cash items, including amortization expense of $4.2 million,
stock-based compensation expense of $1.7 million and depreciation expense of $1.3 million.
We may decide to enter into new or renew existing licensing arrangements that may require us
to make royalty payments at the outset of the agreement or to enter into new development agreements
that may require us to make payments at the outset of the agreement. If we do sign these
agreements, this could significantly increase our future use of cash in operating activities.
Investing Activities
In the nine months ended September 30, 2011, cash from investing activities was $8.4 million,
which primarily consisted of $10.3 million in cash acquired in connection with our acquisition of
Griptonite. This was partially offset by $2.0 million used in the purchase of property, plant and
equipment, mainly relating to the purchases of computer, server and networking equipment to support
our freemium games, purchases of software and the making of leasehold improvements.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2010, we used $517,000 of cash for investing activities
resulting primarily from purchases of computer and networking equipment, purchases of software and
the making of leasehold improvements.
Financing Activities
In the nine months ended September 30, 2011, net cash provided by financing activities was
$18.1 million due primarily to $15.7 million of net proceeds received from the 2011 Public Offering
and $5.4 million of proceeds received from option and warrant exercises and purchases under our
employee stock purchase plan. These inflows were partially offset by $2.3 million that we repaid
under our credit facility and a payment of $698,000 relating to taxes that had been withheld on the
December 31, 2010 Special Bonus Notes payment made to the former MIG shareholders.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2010, net cash provided by financing activities was
$3.6 million due primarily to $13.3 million of net proceeds received from the 2010 Private
Placement and $602,000 of proceeds received from option exercises and purchases under our employee
stock purchase plan. These inflows were partially offset by $7.2 million paid during the first nine
months of 2010 with respect to the promissory notes and bonuses that we issued to the MIG
shareholders and $3.1 million that we repaid under our credit facility.
Sufficiency of Current Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our cash and cash equivalents were $36.9 million as of September 30, 2011, which includes
$15.7 million in net proceeds that we received from the 2011 Public Offering and $10.3 million in
cash that we acquired in August 2011 in connection with our acquisition of Griptonite. Cash and
cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside of the U.S. in various foreign
subsidiaries were $9.1 million and $4.7 million as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010,
respectively. Under current tax laws and regulations, if cash and cash equivalents and short-term
investments held outside the U.S. are distributed to the U.S. in the form of dividends or
otherwise, we may be subject to additional U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes.
37
We expect to fund our operations and satisfy our contractual obligations for the remainder of
2011 primarily through our cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations. However, as a
result of the acquisitions of Griptonite and Blammo, as well as our plans to increase our spending
on sales and marketing and research and development initiatives in connection with the release of
our new social, freemium games, we expect to use a significant amount of cash in our operations
during the remainder of 2011 as we seek to grow our business. We expect to continue to use cash in
operations throughout 2012, though at declining rates. We believe our cash and cash equivalents
and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least
the next 12 months. However, our cash requirements for the next 12 months may be greater than we
anticipate due to, among other reasons, the impact of foreign currency rate changes, revenues that
are lower than we currently anticipate, greater than expected operating expenses, particularly with
respect to our research and development and sales and marketing initiatives, usage of cash to fund
our foreign operations, unanticipated limitations or timing restrictions on our ability to access
funds that are held in our non-U.S. subsidiaries or any investments or acquisitions that we may
decide to pursue.
Our $8.0 million credit facility expired on June 30, 2011. We may seek to enter into a new
credit facility, but we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into a new facility on
terms favorable to us or at all.
If our cash sources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to raise
additional capital by selling convertible debt, preferred stock (convertible into common stock or
unconvertible) or common stock, potentially pursuant to our effective universal shelf registration
statement, procuring a new credit facility and/or selling some of our assets. We may be unable to
raise additional capital through the sale of securities, or to do so on terms that are favorable to
us, particularly given current capital market and overall economic conditions. Any sale of
convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in substantial dilution to
our stockholders as was the case with the 2010 Private Placement and the 2011 Public Offering. The
holders of new securities may also receive rights, preferences or privileges that are senior to
those of existing holders of our common stock. Additionally, we may be unable to procure a new
credit facility, or to do so on terms that are acceptable to us, particularly in light of the
current credit market conditions.
Contractual Obligations
The following table is a summary of our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1 Year* |
|
|
1-3 Years |
|
|
3-5 Years |
|
|
Thereafter |
|
|
|
(in thousands) |
|
Operating lease obligations, net of sublease income |
|
$ |
8,280 |
|
|
$ |
938 |
|
|
$ |
6,512 |
|
|
$ |
830 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Guaranteed royalties(1) |
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developer commitments(2) |
|
|
698 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uncertain tax position obligations, including
interest and penalties(3) |
|
|
5,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,175 |
|
Blammo earn-out (4) |
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual obligations |
|
$ |
15,336 |
|
|
$ |
1,315 |
|
|
$ |
8,016 |
|
|
$ |
830 |
|
|
$ |
5,175 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Represents the remaining three months of 2011 |
|
(1) |
|
We have entered into license and development arrangements with various
owners of brands and other intellectual property so that we can create
and publish games for mobile devices based on that intellectual
property. A significant portion of these agreements require us to pay
guaranteed royalties over the term of the contracts regardless of
actual game sales. |
|
(2) |
|
We have contracts with various third-party developers to design and
develop games as part of our Glu Partners initiative. These contracts
require us to advance funds to these third-party developers, in
installments, payable upon the completion of specified development
milestones. |
|
(3) |
|
As of September 30, 2011, unrecognized tax benefits and potential
interest and penalties were classified within Other long-term
liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30,
2011, the settlement of our income tax liabilities cannot be
determined; however, the liabilities are not expected to become due
within the next 12 months. |
|
(4) |
|
As of September 30, 2011, the contingent consideration issued to the
former Blammo shareholders had a fair value of $734,000.
The fair value represents the present value of probability-adjusted
revenues related to the Blammo earnout for fiscal 2013, fiscal 2014
and fiscal 2015. As of September 30, 2011, we have recorded only
$235,000 in our condensed consolidated balance sheets under the
caption Other long-term liabilities as employee
shareholders of Blammo must continue to provide services during the
earnout periods. |
38
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At September 30, 2011, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet arrangements, as
defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.
|
|
|
ITEM 3. |
|
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
The information in this section should be read in connection with the information on financial
market risk related to changes in interest rates and non-U.S. currency exchange rates in Part II,
Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Our market risk profile has not changed significantly
during the first nine months of 2011.
Interest Rate and Credit Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our investment portfolio and the
potential losses arising from changes in interest rates.
We are potentially exposed to the impact of changes in interest rates as they affect interest
earned on our investment portfolio. As of September 30, 2011, we had no short-term investments and
substantially all $36.9 million of our cash and cash equivalents was held in operating bank
accounts earning nominal interest. Accordingly, we do not believe that a 10% change in interest
rates would have a significant impact on our interest income, operating results or liquidity
related to these amounts.
The primary objectives of our investment activities are, in order of importance, to preserve
principal, provide liquidity and maximize income without significantly increasing risk. We do not
currently use or plan to use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio.
As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our cash and cash equivalents were maintained
by financial institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Canada, China, France,
Hong Kong, Italy, Russia and Spain and our current deposits are likely in excess of insured limits.
Our accounts receivable primarily relate to revenues earned from domestic and international
wireless carriers. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our carriers financial condition but
generally require no collateral from them. At September 30, 2011, Telecomunicaciones Movilnet
accounted for 18.9% and Apple accounted for 11.6% of total accounts receivable. At December 31,
2010, Verizon Wireless accounted for 18.3% and Telecomunicaciones Movilnet accounted for 14.8% of
total accounts receivable. No other carrier represented more than 10% of our total accounts
receivable as of these dates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We transact business in more than 70 countries in more than 20 different currencies, and in
2010 and in the first nine months of 2011, some of these currencies fluctuated by up to 40%. Our
revenues are usually denominated in the functional currency of the carrier or distributor while the
operating expenses of our operations outside of the United States are maintained in their local
currency, with the significant operating currencies consisting of British Pound Sterling (GBP),
Chinese Renminbi, Brazilian Real and Russian Ruble. Although recording operating expenses in the
local currency of our foreign operations mitigates some of the exposure of foreign currency
fluctuations, variances among the currencies of our customers and our foreign operations relative
to the United States Dollar (USD) could have and have had a material impact on our results of
operations.
Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses have been generated primarily from fluctuations
in GBP versus the USD and in the Euro versus GBP. At month-end, foreign currency-denominated
accounts receivable and intercompany balances are marked to market and unrealized gains and losses
are included in other income (expense), net. Translation adjustments arising from the use of
differing exchange rates are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders
equity. We have in the past experienced, and in the future expect to experience, foreign currency
exchange gains and losses on our accounts receivable and intercompany receivables and payables.
Foreign currency exchange gains and losses could have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results and financial condition.
39
There is also additional risk if the currency is not freely or actively traded. Some
currencies, such as the Chinese Renminbi, in which our Chinese operations principally transact
business, are subject to limitations on conversion into other currencies, which can limit our
ability to react to foreign currency devaluations.
To date, we have not engaged in exchange rate hedging activities, and we do not expect to do
so in the foreseeable future.
Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial
condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary
pressures, we might not be able to offset these higher costs fully through price increases. Our
inability or failure to do so could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
|
|
|
ITEM 4. |
|
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based upon an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief
Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) have concluded that, as of the end of the
period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Exchange
Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information
required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified by the SEC and is accumulated and communicated to
management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during
the nine months ended September 30, 2011 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
40
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
|
ITEM 1. |
|
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
We do not believe we are party to any currently pending litigation, the outcome of which will
have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial position or liquidity. However, the
ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and, regardless of outcome, litigation can have an
adverse impact on us because of defense costs, potential negative publicity, diversion of
management resources and other factors.
Our business is subject to many risks and uncertainties, which may affect our future financial
performance. If any of the events or circumstances described below occurs, our business and
financial performance could be harmed, our actual results could differ materially from our
expectations and the market value of our stock could decline. The risks and uncertainties discussed
below are not the only ones we face. There may be additional risks and uncertainties not currently
known to us or that we currently do not believe are material that may harm our business and
financial performance. Because of the risks and uncertainties discussed below, as well as other
variables affecting our operating results, past financial performance should not be considered as a
reliable indicator of future performance and investors should not use historical trends to
anticipate results or trends in future periods.
We have a history of net losses, may incur substantial net losses in the future and may not achieve
profitability.
We have incurred significant losses since inception, including a net loss of $18.2 million in
2009, a net loss of $13.4 million in 2010 and a net loss of $11.1 million for the nine months ended
September 30, 2011. As of September 30, 2011, we had an accumulated deficit of $201.8 million. We
expect our costs to increase as we implement additional initiatives designed to increase revenues,
such as increased research and development and sales and marketing expenses related to our new
games designed for smartphones and tablets, such as Apples iPhone and iPad and devices based on
Googles Android operating system. In addition, our costs have increased significantly as a result
of our acquisitions of Blammo and Griptonite due to the addition of nearly 200 employees and
independent contractors. If our revenues do not increase to offset these additional expenses, if
we experience unexpected increases in operating expenses or if we are required to take additional
charges related to impairments or restructurings, we will continue to incur significant losses and
will not become profitable. In addition, our revenues declined in each of 2009 and 2010 from the
preceding year, and we expect that our revenues will likely only increase slightly in 2011 from
2010 levels. If we are not able to significantly increase our revenues, we will likely not be able
to achieve profitability in the future. Furthermore, during 2009, we incurred aggregate charges of
approximately $8.5 million for royalty impairments and restructuring activities, during 2010, we
incurred aggregate charges of approximately $4.3 million for royalty impairments and restructuring
activities and in the nine months ended September 30, 2011, we incurred aggregate charges of
approximately $1.2 million for royalty impairments and restructuring activities. As of September
30, 2011, an additional $679,000 of prepaid royalties remained on our balance sheet that are
potentially subject to future impairment. If we continue to incur these charges, it will continue
to negatively affect our operating results and our ability to achieve profitability.
Our financial results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter and are difficult to
predict, particularly in light of the current economic environment, which in turn could cause
volatility in our stock price.
Our revenues and operating results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter because of
a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our
operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. In addition, we may not be
able to accurately predict our future revenues or results of operations. We base our current and
future expense levels on our internal operating plans and sales forecasts, and our operating costs
are to a large extent fixed. As a result, we may not be able to reduce our costs sufficiently to
compensate for an unexpected shortfall in revenues, and even a small shortfall in revenues could
disproportionately and adversely affect financial results for that quarter. We intend to only
selectively enter into new licensing arrangements in the remainder of 2011 and during 2012, which
we expect will contribute to the anticipated reduction in our revenues from feature phones and
which may adversely impact our revenues from smartphones and tablets to the extent that our games
based on original intellectual property are not successful. With respect to our games based on
licensed intellectual property, we may incur impairments of prepaid royalty guarantees if our
forecasts for these games are lower than we anticipated at the time we entered into the agreements.
For example, in 2009, 2010 and the first nine months of 2011 we impaired $6.6 million, $663,000 and
$531,000 respectively, of certain prepaid royalties and royalty guarantees primarily due to several
distribution arrangements in our Europe, Middle East and Africa region and other global development
and distribution arrangements that we entered into in 2007 and 2008. In
addition, some payments from carriers and other distributors that we recognize as revenue on a
cash basis may be delayed unpredictably.
41
We are also subject to macroeconomic fluctuations in the United States and global economies,
including those that impact discretionary consumer spending, which have deteriorated significantly
in many countries and regions, including the United States and Europe due to the effects of the
ongoing sovereign debt crisis, and may remain depressed for the foreseeable future. Some of the
factors that could influence the level of consumer spending include continuing conditions in the
residential real estate and mortgage markets, labor and healthcare costs, access to credit,
consumer confidence and other macroeconomic factors affecting consumer spending. These issues can
also cause foreign currency rates to fluctuate, which can have an adverse impact on our business
since we transact business in more than 70 countries in more than 20 different currencies. In 2009,
some of these currencies fluctuated by up to 40%, and we experienced continued significant
fluctuations in 2010 and in the first nine months of 2011. These issues may continue to negatively
impact the economy and our growth. If these issues persist, or if the economy enters a prolonged
period of decelerating growth or recession, our results of operations may be harmed. As a result of
these and other factors, our operating results may not meet the expectations of investors or public
market analysts who choose to follow our company. Our failure to meet market expectations would
likely result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.
In addition to other risk factors discussed in this section, factors that may contribute to
the variability of our quarterly results include:
|
|
|
the number of new games released by us and our competitors; |
|
|
|
the timing of release of new games by us and our competitors, particularly those that
may represent a significant portion of revenues in a period, which timing can be
impacted by how quickly digital storefront operators such as Apple review and approve
our games for commercial release; |
|
|
|
the popularity of new games and games released in prior periods; |
|
|
|
changes in the prominence of storefront featuring or deck placement for our leading
games and those of our competitors; |
|
|
|
fluctuations in the size and rate of growth of overall consumer demand for mobile
handsets, tablets, games and related content; |
|
|
|
the rate at which consumers continue to migrate from traditional feature phones to
smartphones, as well as the rate of adoption of tablet devices; |
|
|
|
our success in developing and monetizing social, freemium games for smartphones and
tablets; |
|
|
|
our ability to increase the daily and monthly active users of our social, freemium
games that we develop for smartphones and tablets, as well as the level of engagement of
these users and the length of time these users continue to play our games; |
|
|
|
our ability to include certain types of virtual currency-incented advertizing offers
and other monetization techniques in our games sold through online storefronts, such as
Apples App Store and Googles Android Market; |
|
|
|
changes in accounting rules, such as those governing recognition of revenue,
including the period of time over which we recognize revenue for in-app purchases of
virtual currency and goods within certain of our games; |
|
|
|
the expiration of existing content licenses for particular games; |
|
|
|
the amount and timing of charges related to impairments of goodwill, intangible
assets, prepaid royalties and guarantees; |
|
|
|
changes in pricing policies by us, our competitors or our carriers and other
distributors, including to the extent that smartphone digital storefront owners impose a
platform tax on our revenues derived from offers; |
|
|
|
changes in pricing policies by our carriers related to downloading content, such as
our games, which pricing policies could be influenced by the lower average prices for
content on smartphones; |
42
|
|
|
changes in the mix of original intellectual property and licensed-content games,
which have varying gross margins; |
|
|
|
the timing of successful mobile device launches; |
|
|
|
the seasonality of our industry; |
|
|
|
strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures,
spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy; |
|
|
|
our ability to successfully migrate talent acquired through our Griptonite
transaction to creating freemium/social titles; |
|
|
|
our ability to retain key game design, development, production and art talent; |
|
|
|
the timing of compensation expense associated with equity compensation grants; and |
|
|
|
decisions by us to incur additional expenses, such as increases in marketing or
research and development. |
Our strategy to grow our business includes developing a significant number of new titles for
smartphones and tablets rather than for feature phones, which historically comprised a significant
majority of our revenues. If we do not succeed in generating considerable revenues and gross
margins from smartphones and tablets, our revenues, financial position and operating results will
suffer.
As a result of the continued migration of users from traditional feature phones to
smartphones, we expect our feature phone revenues, which represented a significant majority of our
revenues in 2010, to continue to decrease for the foreseeable future. For us to succeed in 2011 and
beyond, we believe that we must increasingly publish mobile games that are widely accepted and
commercially successful on the smartphone and tablet digital storefronts (such as Apples App
Store, Googles Android Market, Amazons Appstore, Palms App Catalog and Microsofts Windows
Marketplace), as well as significantly increase our marketing-related expenditures in connection
with the launch of our new games on these digital storefronts. Our efforts to significantly
increase our revenues derived from games for smartphones and tablets may prove unsuccessful or,
even if successful, it may take us longer to achieve significant revenue than anticipated because,
among other reasons:
|
|
|
changes in the policies of digital storefronts and other distributors that limit our
ability to use certain types of virtual currency-incented advertizing offers and other
monetization techniques in our games; |
|
|
|
the open nature of many of these digital storefronts increases substantially the
number of our competitors and competitive products and makes it more difficult for us to
achieve prominent placement or featuring for our games; |
|
|
|
the billing and provisioning capabilities of some smartphones are currently not
optimized to enable users to purchase games or make in-app purchases, which could make
it difficult for users of these smartphones to purchase our games or make in-app
purchases and could reduce our addressable market, at least in the short term; |
|
|
|
competitors may have substantially greater resources available to invest in
developing and publishing products for smartphones and tablets; |
|
|
|
these digital storefronts are relatively new markets, for which we are less able to
forecast with accuracy revenue levels, required marketing and developments expenses, and
net income or loss; |
43
|
|
|
we have less experience with open storefront distribution channels than with
carrier-based distribution; |
|
|
|
the pricing and revenue models for titles on these digital storefronts are rapidly
evolving (for example, the introduction of in-app purchasing capabilities and the
potential introduction of usage-based pricing for games), and have resulted, and may
continue to result, in significantly lower average selling prices for our premium games
developed for smartphones as compared to games developed for feature phones, and a lower
than expected return on investment for these games; |
|
|
|
many of our key licenses do not grant us the rights to develop games for the iPhone
and certain other smartphones and tablets; and |
|
|
|
many OEMs and carriers are developing their own storefronts and it may be difficult
for us to predict which ones will be successful, and we may expend time and resources
developing games for storefronts that ultimately do not succeed. |
If we do not succeed in generating considerable revenues and gross margins from smartphones
and tablets, our revenues, financial position and operating results will suffer.
If we do not achieve a sufficient return on our investment with respect to our efforts to develop
social, freemium games for smartphones and tablets, it could negatively affect our operating
results.
We expect that a significant portion of our development activities for smartphones and tablets
in the remainder of 2011 and beyond will be focused on social, freemium games games that are
downloadable without an initial charge, but which enable a variety of additional content and
features to be accessed for a fee or otherwise monetized through various advertising and offer
techniques. Our efforts to develop social, freemium games for smartphones and tablets may prove
unsuccessful or, even if successful, may take us longer to achieve significant revenue than
anticipated because, among other reasons:
|
|
|
we have relatively limited experience in successfully developing and marketing
social, freemium games; |
|
|
|
our relatively limited experience with respect to creating games that include
micro-transaction capabilities, advertizing and offers may cause us to have difficulty
optimizing the monetization of our freemium games; |
|
|
|
changes in the policies of digital storefronts and other distributors that limit our
ability to use certain types of virtual currency-incented advertizing offers and other
monetization techniques in our games; |
|
|
|
some of our competitors have released a significant number of social, freemium games
on smartphones and tablets, and this competition will make it more difficult for us to
differentiate our games and derive significant revenues from them; |
|
|
|
some of our competitors have substantially greater resources available to invest in
the developing and publishing of social, freemium games; |
|
|
|
we intend to continue to develop the significant majority of our social, freemium
games based upon our own intellectual property rather than well-known licensed brands,
and, as a result, we may encounter difficulties in generating sufficient consumer
interest in our games, particularly since we historically have had relatively limited
success in generating significant revenues from games based on our own intellectual
property; |
|
|
|
social, freemium games currently represent a minority of the games available on
smartphones and tablets and have a limited history, and it is unclear how popular this
style of game will become or remain or its revenue potential; |
|
|
|
our strategy with respect to developing social, freemium games for smartphones
assumes that a large number of consumers will download our games because they are free
and that we will subsequently be able to effectively monetize these games via in-app
purchases, offers and advertisements; however, some smartphones charge users a fee for
downloading content, and users of these smartphones may be reluctant to download our
freemium games because of these fees, which would reduce the effectiveness of our
product strategy; |
44
|
|
|
our social, freemium games may otherwise not be widely downloaded by consumers for a
variety of reasons, including poor consumer reviews or other negative publicity,
ineffective or insufficient marketing efforts or a failure to achieve prominent
storefront featuring for such games; |
|
|
|
even if our social, freemium games are widely downloaded, we may fail to retain users
of these games or optimize the monetization of these games for a variety of reasons,
including poor game design or quality, gameplay issues such as game unavailability, long
load times or an unexpected termination of the game due to data server or other
technical issues or our failure to effectively respond and adapt to changing user
preferences through updates to our games; |
|
|
|
we have encountered difficulties in keeping users engaged in our social, freemium
games for a significant amount of time subsequent to their initial download of the
games, and we may have difficulty increasing consumer retention in our games; |
|
|
|
we expect that approximately one-fifth of the social, freemium games that we intend
to release during 2011 will be produced by third parties with which we have a strategic
relationship, which will reduce our control over the development process and may result
in product delays and games that do not meet our and consumer expectations regarding
quality; |
|
|
|
the Federal Trade Commission has indicated that it intends to review issues related
to in-app purchases, particularly with respect to games that are marketed primarily to
minors (a class action lawsuit has been filed relating to this issue; we have not been
named as a party to this lawsuit) and the Federal Trade Commission might issue rules
significantly restricting or even prohibiting in-app purchases or we could potentially
be named as a defendant in a future class action lawsuit; and |
|
|
|
because these are effectively new products for us, we are less able to forecast with
accuracy revenue levels, required marketing and development expenses, and net income or
loss. |
If we do not achieve a sufficient return on our investment with respect to developing and
selling social, freemium games, it will negatively affect our operating results and may require us
to formulate a new business strategy.
Acquisitions could result in operating difficulties, dilution and other harmful consequences.
We recently completed the acquisitions of Griptonite and Blammo, and expect to continue to
evaluate and consider a wide array of potential strategic transactions, including business
combinations, joint ventures, strategic development and distribution arrangements and acquisitions
of talent teams, technologies, services, products and other assets. At any given time, we may be
engaged in discussions or negotiations with respect to one or more of these types of transactions.
Any of these transactions could be material to our financial condition and results of operations.
The process of integrating any acquired business, including Griptonite and Blammo, may create
unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures and is itself risky. The areas where we may face
difficulties include:
|
|
|
diversion of management time and a shift of focus from operating the businesses to
issues related to integration and administration; |
|
|
|
declining employee morale and retention issues resulting from changes in
compensation, management, reporting relationships, future prospects or the direction of
the business; |
|
|
|
the need to integrate each acquired companys accounting, management, information,
human resource and other administrative systems to permit effective management, and the
lack of control if such integration is delayed or not implemented; |
|
|
|
the need to implement controls, procedures and policies appropriate for a larger
public company that the acquired companies lacked prior to acquisition; |
|
|
|
in the case of foreign acquisitions, the need to integrate operations across
different cultures and languages and to address the particular economic, currency,
political and regulatory risks associated with specific countries; and |
|
|
|
liability for activities of the acquired companies before the acquisition, including
violations of laws, rules and regulations, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and
other known and unknown liabilities. |
45
If the anticipated benefits of any future acquisitions do not materialize, we experience
difficulties integrating businesses acquired in the future, or other unanticipated problems arise,
our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed.
The integration of Griptonite may prove particularly challenging due to its size, as
Griptonite has nearly 200 employees and independent contractors compared with approximately 400
employees at Glu prior to the Blammo and Griptonite acquisitions, as well as the fact that
Griptonite has historically built premium games for non-smartphone platforms such as the Xbox 360,
Wii, DS and PSP. We will need to invest considerable management time and resources in order to
educate the Griptonite studio personnel with respect to the development of freemium games for
smartphone platforms, and if we are not successful in these efforts, it will significantly harm our
operating results given the significant increase in our operating expenses that will result from
such acquisition.
In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of companies we acquire may be
allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment
at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be
required to take charges to our earnings based on this impairment assessment process, which could
harm our operating results. For example, during 2008 we incurred an aggregate goodwill impairment
charge related to write-downs in the third and fourth quarters of 2008 of $69.5 million as the fair
values of our three reporting units were determined to be below their carrying values.
Moreover, the terms of acquisitions may require that we make future cash or stock payments to
shareholders of the acquired company, which may strain our cash resources or cause substantial
dilution to our existing stockholders at the time the payments are required to be made. For
example, our Blammo acquisition agreement provides that the former Blammo shareholders may earn up
to 3,312,937 shares of our common stock if Blammo achieves certain net revenue targets during the
years ending March 31, 2013, March 31, 2014 and March 31, 2015. In addition, our merger agreement
with Griptonite provides that we may be required to issue up to 5,301,919 additional shares or in
specified circumstances pay additional cash (i) in satisfaction of indemnification obligations in
the case of, among other things, breaches of our representations, warranties and covenants in the
merger agreement or (ii) pursuant to potential working capital adjustments.
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and many of our competitors have
significantly greater resources than we do.
The development, distribution and sale of mobile games is a highly competitive business,
characterized by frequent product introductions and rapidly emerging new platforms, technologies
and storefronts. For end users, we compete primarily on the basis of game quality, brand, customer
reviews and, with respect to our premium products, price. We compete for promotional and deck
placement based on these factors, as well as the relationship with the digital storefront owner or
wireless carrier, historical performance, perception of sales potential and relationships with
licensors of brands and other intellectual property. For content and brand licensors, we compete
based on royalty and other economic terms, perceptions of development quality, porting abilities,
speed of execution, distribution breadth and relationships with storefront owners or carriers. We
also compete for experienced and talented employees.
Our primary competitors have historically been Electronic Arts (EA Mobile) and Gameloft, with
Electronic Arts having the largest market share of any company in the mobile games market. With
respect to our social, freemium games that we publish for smartphones and tablets, we also compete
with a number of other companies, including DeNA (which became a more formidable
competitor through its acquisition of ngmoco), Zynga and Storm 8/Team Lava. In addition,
given the open nature of the development and distribution for smartphones and tablets, we also
compete or will compete with a vast number of small companies and individuals who are able to
create and launch games and other content for these mobile devices utilizing limited resources and
with limited start-up time or expertise. Many of these smaller developers are able to offer their
games at no cost or substantially reduce their prices to levels at which we may be unable to
respond competitively and still achieve profitability given their low overhead. As an example of
the competition that we face, it has been estimated that more than 80,000 active games were
available on the Apple App Store as of October 31, 2011. The proliferation of titles in these open
developer channels makes it difficult for us to differentiate ourselves from other developers and
to compete for end users who purchase content for their smartphones and tablets without
substantially increasing spending to market our products or increasing our development costs.
46
Some of our competitors and our potential competitors advantages over us, either globally or
in particular geographic markets, include the following:
|
|
|
significantly greater revenues and financial resources; |
|
|
|
stronger brand and consumer recognition regionally or worldwide; |
|
|
|
greater experience with the social, freemium games business model; |
|
|
|
the capacity to leverage their marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of
mobile and non-mobile products; |
|
|
|
larger installed customer bases from related platforms such as console gaming or
social networking websites to which they can market and sell mobile games; |
|
|
|
more substantial intellectual property of their own from which they can develop games
without having to pay royalties; |
|
|
|
lower labor and development costs and better overall economies of scale; |
|
|
|
greater resources to make acquisitions; |
|
|
|
greater platform-specific focus, experience and expertise; and |
|
|
|
broader global distribution and presence. |
If we are unable to compete effectively or we are not as successful as our competitors in our
target markets, our sales could decline, our margins could decline and we could lose market share,
any of which would materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
End user tastes are continually changing and are often unpredictable; if we fail to develop and
publish new mobile games that achieve market acceptance, our sales would suffer.
Our business depends on developing and publishing mobile games that digital storefront owners
will prominently feature or wireless carriers will place on their decks and that end users will
buy. We must continue to invest significant resources in research and development, analytics and
marketing to enhance our offering of games and introduce new games, and we must make decisions
about these matters well in advance of product release to timely implement them. Our success
depends, in part, on unpredictable and volatile factors beyond our control, including end-user
preferences, competing games, new mobile platforms and the availability of other entertainment
activities. If our games and related applications do not respond to the requirements of digital
storefront owners and carriers and the entertainment preferences of end users, or they are not
brought to market in a timely and effective manner, our business, operating results and financial
condition would be harmed. For example, although we have enjoyed success with respect to a number
of our action/adventure freemium games, such as Gun Bros, Contract Killer, Contract Killer:
Zombies, Big Time Gangsta and Eternity Warriors, we have had more limited success with respect to
our casual titles, with only Bug Village generating significant revenues. If we fail to develop
casual titles that achieve broad market acceptance, it could limit our potential revenue growth and
harm our operating results. Even if our games are successfully introduced and initially adopted, a
subsequent shift in the
entertainment preferences of end users could cause a decline in our games popularity that
could materially reduce our revenues and harm our business, operating results and financial
condition.
If we are unsuccessful in establishing and increasing awareness of our brand and recognition of our
games or if we incur excessive expenses promoting and maintaining our brand or our games, our
potential revenues could be limited, our costs could increase and our operating results and
financial condition could be harmed.
We believe that establishing and maintaining our brand is critical to establishing a direct
relationship with end users who purchase our products from direct-to-consumer channels, such as the
Apple App Store and Googles Android Market, and maintaining our existing relationships with
wireless carriers, distributors and content licensors, as well as potentially developing new such
relationships. Increasing awareness of our brand and recognition of our games will be particularly
important in connection with our strategic focus of developing social, freemium games based on our
own intellectual property. Our ability to promote the Glu brand depends on our success in
providing high-quality mobile games. Similarly, recognition of our games by end users depends on
our
47
ability to develop engaging games of high quality with attractive titles. However, our success
also depends, in part, on the services and efforts of third parties, over which we have little or
no control. For instance, if digital storefront owners or wireless carriers fail to provide high
levels of service, our end users ability to access our games may be interrupted or end users may
not receive the virtual currency or goods for which they have paid, which may adversely affect our
brand. If end users, digital storefront owners, branded content owners and wireless carriers do not
perceive our existing games as high-quality or if we introduce new games that are not favorably
received by our end users, digital storefront owners and wireless carriers, then we may not succeed
in building brand recognition and brand loyalty in the marketplace. In addition, globalizing and
extending our brand and recognition of our games will be costly and will involve extensive
management time to execute successfully, particularly as we expand our efforts to increase
awareness of our brand and games among international consumers. Moreover, if a game is introduced
with defects, errors or failures or unauthorized objectionable content or if a game has playability
issues such as game unavailability, long load times or a unexpected termination of the game due to
data server or other technical issues, we could experience damage to our reputation and brand, and
our attractiveness to digital storefront owners, wireless carriers, licensors, and end users might
be reduced. In addition, although we have significantly increased our sales and marketing-related
expenditures in connection with the launch of our new social, freemium games, these efforts may not
succeed in increasing awareness of our brand and new games. If we fail to increase and maintain
brand awareness and consumer recognition of our games, our potential revenues could be limited, our
costs could increase and our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer.
Inferior storefront featuring or deck placement would likely adversely impact our revenues and thus
our operating results and financial condition.
The open nature of the digital storefronts, such as the Apple App Store and Googles Android
Market, substantially increases the number of our competitors and competitive products, which makes
it more difficult for us to achieve prominent placement or featuring for our games. Our failure to
achieve prominent placement or featuring for our games on the smartphone storefronts could result
in our games not generating significant sales. It may also require us to expend significantly
increased amounts to generate substantial revenues on these platforms, reducing or eliminating the
profitability of publishing games for them. We believe that a number of factors may influence the
featuring or placement of a game in these digital storefronts, including:
|
|
|
the perceived attractiveness of the title or brand; |
|
|
|
the past critical or commercial success of the game or of other games previously
introduced by a publisher; |
|
|
|
the publishers relationship with the applicable digital storefront owner and future
pipeline of quality titles for it; and |
|
|
|
the current market share of the publisher. |
Conversely, wireless carriers provide a limited selection of games that are accessible to
their subscribers through a deck on their mobile handsets. The inherent limitation on the number of
games available on the deck is a function of the limited screen size of handsets and carriers
perceptions of the depth of menus and numbers of choices end users will generally utilize. Carriers
typically provide one or more top-level menus highlighting games that are recent top sellers, that
the carrier believes will become top sellers or that the carrier otherwise chooses to feature, in
addition to a link to a menu of additional games sorted by genre. We believe that deck placement on
the top-level or featured menu or toward the top of genre-specific or other menus, rather than
lower down or in sub-
menus, is likely to result in higher game sales. If carriers choose to give our games less
favorable deck placement, our games may be less successful than we anticipate and our feature phone
revenues may decline.
Third parties are developing some of our social, freemium games, and to the extent that they do not
timely deliver high-quality games that meet our and consumer expectations, our business will
suffer.
In the first quarter of 2011, we initiated our Glu Partners program, which provides for the
external development of some of our games; we currently expect that approximately one-fifth of the
social, freemium games that we intend to release during 2011 will be produced by third parties with
which we have a strategic relationship. We have historically created and developed all of our
games in our internal studios, and we have limited experience in outsourcing and managing the
production of our game concepts by external developers. Because we have no direct supervision and
reduced control of this external development process, it could result in development delays and
games of lesser quality and that are more costly to develop than those produced by our internal
studios. This may particularly be the case to the extent that we do not provide our external
developers with sufficiently detailed game development documentation, which could result in us
providing them with a number of change orders that would delay development and increase our
production costs.
48
We have agreed to pay these external developers significant development fees, and to the
extent that these games are not commercially successful, we may not generate sufficient revenues to
recoup our development costs or produce a sufficient return on investment, which would adversely
affect our operating results. In addition, we may lose the services of one of our external
developers for a number of reasons, including that a competitor acquires its business or signs the
developer to an exclusive development arrangement. In addition, the developer might encounter
financial or other difficulties that cause it to go out of business, potentially prior to
completing production of our games, or otherwise render it unable to fulfill its obligations under
the development agreement, and we may be unable to recoup our upfront payment to the developer
under such circumstances. There is also significant demand for the services of external developers
which may cause our developers to work for a competitor in the future or to renegotiate agreements
with us on terms less favorable for us.
If sales of feature phones in our carrier-based business or the average selling prices of our games
sold through wireless carriers decline more rapidly than we currently expect, it could have a
material adverse impact on our revenues, financial position and results of operations.
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales of our games on feature
phones through wireless carriers. Our revenues for each of 2009 and 2010 declined from the prior
year due to a decrease in sales in our carrier-based business, resulting primarily from the
continuing migration of consumers from feature phones to smartphones that enable the download of
applications from sources other than a carriers branded e-commerce service, such as the Apple App
Store and Googles Android Market. We believe that the decline in the sales of feature phones and
the transition of consumers to smartphones will continue to accelerate. In addition, due to the
accelerating decline in the sales of feature phones, we intend to distribute significantly fewer
games for feature phones in future periods, which will further reduce our revenues that we derive
from feature phones. Our ability to significantly grow our revenues derived from smartphones and
tablets is uncertain. In addition, games sold on smartphones typically have lower average prices
than our games sold on feature phones, and to the extent consumers continue to migrate to
smartphones, it could result in lower average prices for our games sold on feature phones. Any
unexpected acceleration in the slowdown in sales of feature phones, or any reduction in the average
prices of our games sold through our wireless carriers, could have a material adverse impact on our
revenues, financial position and results of operations.
Changes in foreign exchange rates and limitations on the convertibility of foreign currencies could
adversely affect our business and operating results.
We currently transact a significant portion of our business in Pounds Sterling and Euros as
well as other international currencies. Conducting business in currencies other than U.S. Dollars
subjects us to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could have a negative impact on our
reported operating results. Fluctuations in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to other
currencies impact our revenues, cost of revenues and operating margins and result in foreign
currency exchange gains and losses. To date, we have not engaged in exchange rate hedging
activities, and we do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Even if we were to implement
hedging strategies to mitigate this risk, these strategies might not eliminate our exposure to
foreign exchange rate fluctuations and would involve costs and risks of their own, such as cash
expenditures, ongoing management time and expertise, external costs to implement the strategies and
potential accounting implications.
We face additional risk if a currency is not freely or actively traded. Some currencies, such
as the Chinese Renminbi, in which our Chinese operations principally transact business, are subject
to limitations on conversion into other currencies, which can limit our ability to react to rapid
foreign currency devaluations and to repatriate funds to the United States should we require
additional working capital.
We have depended on a small number of games for a significant portion of our revenues in recent
fiscal periods. If these games do not continue to succeed or we do not release highly successful
new games, our revenues would decline.
In our industry, new games are frequently introduced, but a relatively small number of games
account for a significant portion of industry sales. Similarly, a significant portion of our
revenues comes from a limited number of mobile games, although the games in that group have shifted
over time. For example, in 2010 and 2009, we generated approximately 41.6% and 35.0% of our
revenues, respectively, from our top ten games, but no individual game represented more than 10% of
our revenues in any of those periods. However, we are seeing increased concentration in our top
games, and expect that Gun Bros will exceed 10% of our revenues for 2011. If our new games are not
successful, our revenues could be limited and our business and operating results would suffer in
both the year of release and thereafter.
49
We might elect not, or may be unable, to renew our existing brand and content licenses when they
expire and might not choose to obtain additional licenses, which would negatively impact our
feature phone revenues and might negatively impact our smartphone revenues to the extent that we do
not create successful games based on our own intellectual property.
Revenues derived from mobile games and other applications based on or incorporating brands or
other intellectual property licensed from third parties accounted for 78.1% and 77.5% of our
revenues in 2010 and 2009, respectively. In 2010, revenues derived under various licenses from our
five largest licensors, Activision, Atari, Caesars, Freemantle Media and 2waytraffic, together
accounted for approximately 45.0% of our revenues. Creating games based on well-known, licensed
brands has historically been critical to the success of our feature phone business, as this helped
us achieve more prominent placement on our wireless carriers decks and contributed to greater
commercial success with feature phone consumers. In addition, the majority of our premium games
that we initially released for smartphones were based on licensed brands. However, we have
determined to shift our business strategy towards becoming the leading publisher of social, mobile
freemium games, and we intend to have the substantial majority of these social, freemium games be
based upon our own intellectual property. As a result, we have allocated a significantly smaller
amount of our operating budget to licensing deals and might elect not to renew our existing brand
and content licenses when they expire. In addition, we intend to only selectively enter into new
licensing arrangements in future periods. Our existing licenses expire at various times during the
next several years, and our revenues will be negatively impacted to the extent that we lose the
right to distribute games based on licensed content. For example, our right to publish our World
Series of Poker game for smartphones and tablets is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2011, which
will negatively impact our smartphone revenues. The expected decline in the revenues we derive from
games based on licensed brands could have an unexpectedly greater impact on our overall revenues
and operating results to the extent that we are not successful in significantly increasing our
revenues from games developed for smartphones and tablets based on our own intellectual property.
System or network failures or cyber attacks could reduce our sales, increase costs or result in a
loss of revenues or end users of our games.
We rely on digital storefronts, wireless carriers and other third-party networks to deliver
games to end users and on their or other third parties billing systems to track and account for
the downloading of our games. We also rely on our own servers and third-party infrastructure to
operate our social, freemium games that are delivered as a live service, to maintain and provide
our analytics data and to deliver games on demand to end users through our carriers networks. In
particular, a significant portion of our social, freemium game traffic is hosted by Amazon Web
Services, which service provides server redundancy and uses multiple locations on various distinct
power grids, and we expect to continue utilizing Amazon for a significant portion of our hosting
services for the foreseeable future. In addition, certain of our subscription-based games require
access over the mobile Internet to our servers to enable certain features. Any technical problem
with or cyber attack on storefronts, carriers, third parties or our billing, delivery or
information systems, servers or communications networks could result in the theft of end user
personal information, the inability of end users to download or play our games, prevent the
completion of billing for a game or result in the loss of users virtual currency or other in-app
purchases or our analytics data, or interfere with access to some aspects of our games. For
example, in connection with the release of our Gun Bros game on the Apple App Store in the fourth
quarter of 2010, we experienced issues with our data servers that resulted in gameplay issues and
the loss of some users virtual assets they acquired through in-app purchases. If virtual assets
are lost, we may be required to issue refunds, we may receive negative publicity and game ratings,
and we may lose users of our games, any of which would negatively affect our business. In addition,
during the fourth quarter of 2010 and first half of 2011, we lost some
of our analytics data, including data with respect to our daily and monthly average users.
Furthermore, from time to time, our carriers have experienced failures with their billing and
delivery systems and communication networks, including gateway failures that reduced the
provisioning capacity of their branded e-commerce system. Any of these problems could harm our
reputation or cause us to lose end users or revenues or incur substantial repair costs and distract
management from operating our business.
We currently rely primarily on wireless carriers to market and distribute our games for feature
phones and thus to generate a significant portion of our revenues. The loss of or a change in any
significant carrier relationship, including their credit worthiness, could materially reduce our
revenues and adversely impact our cash position.
A significant portion of our feature phone revenues is derived from a limited number of
carriers. In 2010, we derived approximately 44.1% of our revenues from relationships with five
carriers, including Verizon Wireless, which accounted for 15.2% of our revenues. We expect that we
will continue in the remainder of 2011 to generate a significant portion of our feature phone
revenues through distribution relationships with fewer than 20 carriers. If any of our carriers
decides not to market or distribute our games or decides to terminate, not renew or modify the
terms of its agreement with us or if there is consolidation among carriers generally, we may be
unable to replace the affected agreement with acceptable alternatives, causing us to lose access to
that carriers subscribers and the revenues they afford us. In addition, having a significant
portion of our revenues concentrated among a limited number of carriers also creates a credit
concentration risk for us, and in the event that any significant carrier were unable to fulfill its
payment obligations to us, our operating results and cash position would suffer. If any of these
eventualities come to pass, it could materially reduce our revenues and otherwise harm our
business.
50
Changes made by wireless carriers and other distributors to their policies regarding pricing,
revenue sharing, supplier status, billing and collections could adversely affect our business and
operating results.
Wireless carriers generally control the price charged for our mobile games for feature phones
either by approving or establishing the price of the games charged to their subscribers. Some of
our carrier agreements also restrict our ability to change prices. In cases where carrier approval
is required, approvals may not be granted in a timely manner or at all. A failure or delay in
obtaining these approvals, the prices established by the carriers for our games, or changes in
these prices could adversely affect market acceptance of those games. Similarly, for some of our
carriers, including Verizon Wireless, when we make changes to a pricing plan (the wholesale price
and the corresponding suggested retail price based on our negotiated revenue-sharing arrangement),
adjustments to the actual retail price charged to end users may not be made in a timely manner or
at all (even though our wholesale price was reduced). A failure or delay by these carriers in
adjusting the retail price for our games, could adversely affect sales volume and our revenues for
those games.
In addition, wireless carriers have the ability to change their pricing policy with their
customers for downloading content, such as our games. For example, Verizon Wireless began imposing
a data surcharge to download content on those of its customers who had not otherwise subscribed to
a data plan. Such charges have, and could in the future, deter end users from purchasing our
content. In addition, wireless carriers could renegotiate the revenue sharing arrangement that we
have in place with them to our detriment. For example, in the first quarter of 2010, China Mobile,
the largest carrier in China, reduced the revenue share that we receive from our games sold on the
mBox platform in approximately 15 provinces in China, which has negatively impacted our revenues in
China. Furthermore, a portion of our revenues is derived from subscriptions. Our wireless carriers
have the ability to discontinue offering subscription pricing, without our approval.
In China, sales to wireless carriers such as China Mobile may only be made by service
providers, which are companies who have been licensed by the government to operate and publish
mobile games. China Mobile has designated four classes of licenses for service providers with
respect to mobile gaming, with a Class A license being the highest designation. We had held,
through our Chinese subsidiaries, one of the three Class A licenses that had been awarded by China
Mobile; however, we lost this Class A license in the first quarter of 2011 and now hold a Class B
license. We expect the loss of the Class A license to cause our revenues in China to decline in
future periods unless we are able to regain our Class A license or replace this lost revenue with
alternative revenue streams.
Carriers and other distributors also control billings and collections for our games, either
directly or through third-party service providers. If our carriers or their third-party service
providers cause material inaccuracies when providing billing and collection services to us, our
revenues may be less than anticipated or may be subject to refund at the discretion of the carrier.
Our market is experiencing rapid growth in adoption of smartphones, such as the Apple iPhone and
devices based on Googles Android operating system. For many of our wireless carriers, these
smartphones are not yet directly integrated into the carriers provisioning infrastructure that
would allow them to sell games directly to consumers, and games are instead sold through third
parties, which is a
more cumbersome process for consumers and results in a smaller revenue share for us. These
factors could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
A shift of technology platform by wireless carriers and mobile handset manufacturers could lengthen
the development period for our games, increase our costs and cause our games to be of lower quality
or to be published later than anticipated.
End users of games must have a mobile handset with multimedia capabilities enabled by
technologies capable of running third-party games and related applications such as ours. Our
development resources are concentrated in the Apple iPhone, Google Android, Blackberry, HTML5,
i-mode, Mophun, Palm, Symbian, Windows Mobile, BREW and Java platforms. It is likely that one or
more of these technologies will fall out of favor with handset manufacturers and wireless carriers,
as transitions to different technologies and technology platforms have happened in the past and
will occur in the future. If there is a rapid shift to a different technology platform, such as
Adobe Flash or Flash Lite, or a new technology where we do not have development experience or
resources, the development period for our games may be lengthened, increasing our costs, and the
resulting games may be of lower quality, and may be published later than anticipated. In such an
event, our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition might suffer.
51
We face added business, political, regulatory, operational, financial and economic risks as a
result of our international operations and distribution, any of which could increase our costs and
adversely affect our operating results.
International sales represented approximately 55.1% and 52.2% of our revenues in 2010 and
2009, respectively. In addition, as part of our international efforts, we acquired U.K.-based
Macrospace in December 2004, UK-based iFone in March 2006, China-based MIG in December 2007 and
Superscape, which had a significant presence in Russia, in March 2008. We have international
offices located in a number of foreign countries including Brazil, Canada, China, England and
Russia. We expect to maintain our international presence, and we expect international sales will
continue to be an important component of our revenues. Risks affecting our international operations
include:
|
|
|
challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences; |
|
|
|
multiple and conflicting laws and regulations, including complications due to
unexpected changes in these laws and regulations; |
|
|
|
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; |
|
|
|
difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; |
|
|
|
potential violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, particularly in certain
emerging countries in East Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America; |
|
|
|
greater fluctuations in sales to end users and through carriers in developing
countries, including longer payment cycles and greater difficulty collecting accounts
receivable; |
|
|
|
protectionist laws and business practices that favor local businesses in some
countries; |
|
|
|
regulations that could potentially affect the content of our products and their
distribution, particularly in China; |
|
|
|
potential adverse foreign tax consequences; |
|
|
|
foreign exchange controls that might prevent us from repatriating income earned in
countries outside the United States, particularly China; |
|
|
|
price controls; |
|
|
|
|
the servicing of regions by many different carriers; |
|
|
|
imposition of public sector controls; |
|
|
|
political, economic and social instability; |
|
|
|
restrictions on the export or import of technology; |
|
|
|
trade and tariff restrictions and variations in tariffs, quotas, taxes and other
market barriers; and |
|
|
|
difficulties in enforcing intellectual property rights in certain countries. |
In addition, developing user interfaces that are compatible with other languages or cultures
can be expensive. As a result, our ongoing international operations may be more costly than we
expect. As a result of our international operations in Asia, Europe and Latin America, we must pay
income tax in numerous foreign jurisdictions with complex and evolving tax laws. If we become
subject to increased taxes or new forms of taxation imposed by governmental authorities, our
results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
52
These risks could harm our international operations, which, in turn, could materially and
adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we fail to deliver our games at the same time as new mobile handset models and tablets are
commercially introduced, our sales may suffer.
Our business depends, in part, on the commercial introduction of new handset models and
tablets with enhanced features, including larger, higher resolution color screens, improved audio
quality, and greater processing power, memory, battery life and storage. For example, some
companies have launched new smartphones or tablets, including Apples iPhone and iPad and devices
based on the Googles Android operating system. In addition, consumers generally purchase the
majority of content, such as our games, for a new handset or tablet within a few months of
purchasing the handset or tablet. We do not control the timing of these handset and tablet
launches. Some new handsets are sold by carriers with one or more games or other applications
pre-loaded, and many end users who download our games do so after they purchase their new handsets
to experience the new features of those handsets. Some handset and tablet manufacturers give us
access to their handsets prior to commercial release. If one or more major handset or tablet
manufacturers were to cease to provide us access to new handset models prior to commercial release,
we might be unable to introduce compatible versions of our games for those handsets or tablets in
coordination with their commercial release, and we might not be able to make compatible versions
for a substantial period following their commercial release. If, because we do not adequately build
into our title plan the demand for games for a particular handset or tablet or experience game
launch delays, we miss the opportunity to sell games when new handsets or tablets are shipped or
our end users upgrade to a new handset or tablet, our revenues would likely decline and our
business, operating results and financial condition would likely suffer.
If a substantial number of the end users that purchase our games by subscription change mobile
handsets or if wireless carriers switch to subscription plans that require active monthly renewal
by subscribers or change or cease offering subscription plans, our sales could suffer.
Subscriptions represent a significant portion of our feature phone revenues. As handset
development continues, over time an increasing percentage of end users who already own one or more
of our subscription games will likely upgrade from their existing handsets. With some wireless
carriers, end users are not able to transfer their existing subscriptions from one handset to
another. In addition, carriers may switch to subscription billing systems that require end users to
actively renew, or opt-in, each month from current systems that passively renew unless end users
take some action to opt-out of their subscriptions, or change or cease offering subscription plans
altogether. If our subscription revenues decrease significantly for these or other reasons, our
sales would suffer and this could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we fail to maintain and enhance our capabilities for porting games to a broad array of mobile
handsets, our attractiveness to wireless carriers and branded content owners will be impaired, and
our sales and financial results could suffer.
To reach large numbers of wireless subscribers, mobile entertainment publishers like us must
support numerous mobile handsets and technologies. Once developed, a mobile game designed for
feature phones may be required to be ported to, or converted into separate versions for, more than
1,000 different handset models, many with different technological requirements. These include
handsets with various combinations of underlying technologies, user interfaces, keypad layouts,
screen resolutions, sound capabilities and other carrier-specific customizations. If we fail to
maintain or enhance our porting capabilities, our sales could suffer, branded content owners might
choose not to grant us licenses and carriers might choose to give our games less desirable deck
placement or not to give our games placement on their decks at all.
Changes to our game design and development processes to address new features or functions of
handsets or networks might cause inefficiencies in our porting process or might result in more
labor intensive porting processes. We are also required to port existing and new games to a broader
array of handsets and develop versions specific to new smartphones. If we utilize more
labor-intensive porting processes, our margins could be significantly reduced and it may take us
longer to port games to an equivalent number of handsets. For example, the time required to develop
and port games to some of the new smartphones and tablets, particularly those based on the Android
operating system, is longer and thus developing and porting for the advanced platforms is more
costly than developing and porting for games for feature phones. Since the smartphone revenues that
we derive from devices based on the Android operating system is growing, it is important that we
maintain and enhance our porting capabilities, which could require us to invest considerable
resources in this area. These additional costs could harm our business, operating results and
financial condition.
53
Our industry is subject to risks generally associated with the entertainment industry, any of which
could significantly harm our operating results.
Our business is subject to risks that are generally associated with the entertainment
industry, many of which are beyond our control. These risks could negatively impact our operating
results and include: the popularity, price and timing of release of games and mobile handsets on
which they are played; the commercial success of any movies upon which one of more of our games are
based; economic conditions that adversely affect discretionary consumer spending; changes in
consumer demographics; the availability and popularity of other forms of entertainment; and
critical reviews and public tastes and preferences, which may change rapidly and cannot necessarily
be predicted.
If one or more of our games were found to contain hidden, objectionable content, our reputation and
operating results could suffer.
Historically, many video games have been designed to include hidden content and gameplay
features that are accessible through the use of in-game cheat codes or other technological means
that are intended to enhance the gameplay experience. For example, our Super K.O. Boxing game
released for feature phones includes additional characters and game modes that are available with a
code (usually provided to a player after accomplishing a certain level of achievement in the game).
These features have been common in console and computer games. However, in several cases, hidden
content or features have been included in other publishers products by an employee who was not
authorized to do so or by an outside developer without the knowledge of the publisher. From time to
time, some of this hidden content and these hidden features have contained profanity, graphic
violence and sexually explicit or otherwise objectionable material. If a game we published were
found to contain hidden, objectionable content, our wireless carriers and other distributors of our
games could refuse to sell it, consumers could refuse to buy it or demand a refund of their money,
and, if the game was based on licensed content, the licensor could demand that we incur significant
expense to remove the objectionable content from the game and all ported versions of the game. This
could have a materially negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our business and growth may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain key personnel.
Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to retain and motivate
our key personnel, namely our management team and experienced sales and engineering personnel,
including those at Blammo and Griptonite who may be experiencing uncertainty due to our acquisition
of their companies. In addition, in order to grow our business, succeed on our new business
initiatives, such as developing social, freemium titles for smartphones and tablets, and replace
departing employees, we must be able to identify and hire qualified personnel. Competition for
qualified management, sales, engineering and other personnel can be intense, and we may not be
successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. This may be particularly the case for us to
the extent our stock price remains at a relatively depressed level, as individuals may elect to
seek employment with other companies that they believe have better long-term prospects. Competitors
have in the past and may in the future attempt to recruit our employees, and our management and key
employees are not bound by agreements that could prevent them from terminating their employment at
any time.
We may also experience difficulty assimilating our newly hired personnel, including those at
Blammo and Griptonite, and they may be less effective or productive than we anticipated, which may
adversely affect our business. In addition, we do not maintain a key-person life insurance policy
on any of our officers. Our business and growth may suffer if we are unable to hire and retain key
personnel.
We may need to raise additional capital or borrow funds to grow our business, and we may not be
able to raise capital or borrow funds on terms acceptable to us or at all.
As a result of our Blammo and Griptonite acquisitions, as well as our plans to increase our
spending on sales and marketing and research and development initiatives in connection with our
social, freemium games that we will release in 2011 and 2012, we expect to use a significant amount
of cash in our operations in the fourth quarter of 2011 as we seek to grow our business. We expect
to continue to use cash in operations throughout 2012, though at declining rates. As of September
30, 2011, we had $36.9 million of cash and cash equivalents. If our cash and cash equivalents and
cash generated from operations are insufficient to meet our cash requirements, we will need to seek
additional capital, potentially through an additional debt or equity financing (potentially
pursuant to our effective universal shelf registration statement), procuring a new debt facility or
selling some of our assets, to fund our operations. We may not be able to raise needed cash on
terms acceptable to us or at all. Financings, if available, may be on terms that are dilutive or
potentially dilutive to our stockholders, such was the case with respect to the 2010 Private
Placement and the 2011 Public Offering, particularly given our current stock price. The holders of
new securities may also receive rights, preferences or privileges that are senior to those of
existing holders of our common stock. Additionally, our $8.0 million credit facility expired on
June 30, 2011, and, if we wish to enter into a new facility, we may be unable to procure one on
terms that are acceptable to us, particularly in light of the current credit market conditions. If
new sources of financing are required but are insufficient or unavailable, we would be required to
modify our growth and operating plans to the extent of available funding, which would harm our
ability to grow our business.
54
Our business is subject to increasing regulation of content, consumer privacy, distribution and
online hosting and delivery in the key territories in which we conduct business. If we do not
successfully respond to these regulations, our business may suffer.
Legislation is continually being introduced that may affect both the content of our products
and their distribution. For example, data and consumer protection laws in the United States and
Europe impose various restrictions on our business, which will be increasingly important to our
business as we continue to market our products directly to end users and to the extent we obtain
personal information about our customers. We currently collect certain personally identifiable
information regarding our customers, including the unique device identifiers (UDIDs) of our
customers smartphones and tablets, and expect in the future to collect additional personally
identifiable information regarding our customers. Any concerns about our practices with regard to
the collection, use, disclosure, or security of personal information or other privacy related
matters, even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and operating results. The rules regarding
data and consumer protection laws vary by territory although the Internet recognizes no
geographical boundaries. In the United States, for example, numerous federal and state laws have
been introduced which attempt to restrict the content or distribution of games. Legislation has
been adopted in several states, and proposed at the federal level, that prohibits the sale of
certain games to minors. If such legislation is adopted and enforced, it could harm our business by
limiting the games we are able to offer to our customers or by limiting the size of the potential
market for our games. We may also be required to modify certain games or alter our marketing
strategies to comply with new and possibly inconsistent regulations, which could be costly or delay
the release of our games. The Federal Trade Commission has also indicated that it intends to review
issues related to in-app purchases, particularly with respect to games that are marketed primarily
to minors. If the Federal Trade Commission issues rules significantly restricting or even
prohibiting in-app purchases, it would significantly impact our business strategy. In addition, two
self-regulatory bodies in the United States (the Entertainment Software Rating Board) and the
European Union (Pan European Game Information) provide consumers with rating information on various
products such as entertainment software similar to our products based on the content (for example,
violence, sexually explicit content, language). Furthermore, the Chinese government has adopted
measures designed to eliminate violent or obscene content in games. In response to these measures,
some Chinese telecommunications operators have suspended billing their customers for certain mobile
gaming platform services, including those services that do not contain offensive or unauthorized
content, which could negatively impact our revenues in China. Any one or more of these factors
could harm our business by limiting the products we are able to offer to our customers, by limiting
the size of the potential market for our products, or by requiring costly additional
differentiation between products for different territories to address varying regulations.
If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property rights, it may be possible for third
parties to obtain and improperly use our intellectual property and our business and operating
results may be harmed.
Our intellectual property is an essential element of our business. We rely on a combination of
copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws and restrictions on
disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. To date, we have not sought patent
protection. Consequently, we will not be able to protect our technologies from independent
invention by third parties. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights,
unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise to obtain and use our technology and games,
and some parties have distributed jail broken versions of our games where all of the content has
been unlocked and made available for free. Monitoring unauthorized use of our games is difficult
and costly, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent piracy and other
unauthorized distribution and use of our technology and games, particularly internationally where
the laws may not protect our intellectual property rights as fully as in the United States. In the
future, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which
could result in substantial costs and divert our managements attention and our resources. In
addition, some of our competitors have in the past released games that are nearly identical to
successful games released by their competitors in an effort to confuse the market and divert users
from the competitors game to the copycat game. To the extent that these tactics are employed with
respect to any of our games, it could reduce our revenues that we generate from these games.
In addition, although we require our third-party developers to sign agreements not to disclose
or improperly use our trade secrets and acknowledging that all inventions, trade secrets, works of
authorship, developments and other processes generated by them on our behalf are our property and
to assign to us any ownership they may have in those works, it may still be possible for third
parties to obtain and improperly use our intellectual properties without our consent. This could
harm our brand, business, operating results and financial condition.
55
Third parties may sue us, including for intellectual property infringement, which, if successful,
may disrupt our business and could require us to pay significant damage awards.
Third parties may sue us, including for intellectual property infringement, or initiate
proceedings to invalidate our intellectual property, which, if successful, could disrupt the
conduct of our business, cause us to pay significant damage awards or require us to pay licensing
fees. For example, in a dispute that we settled in July 2010, Skinit, Inc. filed a complaint
against us and other defendants in which it sought unspecified damages, plus attorneys fees and
costs. In the event of a future successful claim against us, we might be enjoined from using our or
our licensed intellectual property, we might incur significant licensing fees and we might be
forced to develop alternative technologies. Our failure or inability to develop non-infringing
technology or games or to license the infringed or similar technology or games on a timely basis
could force us to withdraw games from the market or prevent us from introducing new games. In
addition, even if we are able to license the infringed or similar technology or games, license fees
could be substantial and the terms of these licenses could be burdensome, which might adversely
affect our operating results. We might also incur substantial expenses in defending against
third-party disputes, litigation or infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Successful
claims against us might result in substantial monetary liabilities, an injunction against us and
might materially disrupt the conduct of our business and harm our financial results.
Our reported financial results could be adversely affected by changes in financial accounting
standards or by the application of existing or future accounting standards to our business as it
evolves.
Our reported financial results are impacted by the accounting policies promulgated by the SEC
and national accounting standards bodies and the methods, estimates, and judgments that we use in
applying our accounting policies. Due to recent economic events, the frequency of accounting policy
changes may accelerate, including conversion to unified international accounting standards.
Policies affecting software revenue recognition have and could further significantly affect the way
we account for revenue related to our products and services. For example, we are developing and
selling games for smartphones and tablets, including social, freemium games that we began to
release in the fourth quarter of 2010, and the accounting for revenue derived from these platforms
and games, particularly with regard to micro-transactions, is still evolving and, in some cases,
uncertain. We currently defer revenues related to micro-transactions over the estimated lives of
the transactions. For these types of transactions we have considered the average period that game
players typically play our games to arrive at our best estimates for the useful life. While we
believe our estimates are reasonable based on available game player information, we may revise such
estimates in the future as our games operation periods change. Any adjustments arising from
changes in the estimates of the lives of these virtual items would be applied prospectively on the
basis that such changes are caused by new information indicating a change in the game player
behavior patterns. Any changes in our estimates of useful lives of these virtual items may result
in our revenues being recognized on a basis different from prior periods and may cause our
operating results to fluctuate. As we enhance, expand and diversify our business and product
offerings, the application of existing or future financial accounting standards, particularly those
relating to the way we account for revenue, could have a significant adverse effect on our reported
results although not necessarily on our cash flows.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we might not be able to report our
financial results accurately or prevent fraud; in that case, our stockholders could lose confidence
in our financial reporting, which could negatively impact the price of our stock.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and
prevent fraud. In addition, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate
and report on our internal control over financial reporting. We have incurred, and expect to
continue to incur, substantial accounting and auditing expenses and expend significant management
time in complying with the requirements of Section 404. Even if we conclude that our internal
control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations, internal
control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to
implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation,
could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we or
our independent registered public accounting firm discover a material weakness or a significant
deficiency in our internal control, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could
reduce the markets confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, a
delay in compliance with Section 404 could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions,
including ineligibility for short form resale registration, action by the SEC, the suspension or
delisting of our common stock from the NASDAQ Global Market and the inability of registered
broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which would further reduce our stock price and
could harm our business.
56
Maintaining and improving our financial controls and the requirements of being a public company may
strain our resources, divert managements attention and affect our ability to attract and retain
qualified members for our board of directors.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act, and the rules and regulations of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The requirements of these
rules and regulations has significantly increased our legal, accounting and financial compliance
costs, makes some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly and may also place undue
strain on our personnel, systems and resources.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure
controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. This can be difficult to do.
For example, we depend on the reports of wireless carriers for information regarding the amount of
sales of our games and related applications and to determine the amount of royalties we owe branded
content licensors and the amount of our revenues. These reports may not be timely, and in the past
they have contained, and in the future they may contain, errors.
To maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and
internal control over financial reporting, we expend significant resources and provide significant
management oversight to implement appropriate processes, document our system of internal control
over relevant processes, assess their design, remediate any deficiencies identified and test their
operation. As a result, managements attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which
could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. These efforts also involve
substantial accounting-related costs. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these
requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the NASDAQ Global Market.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the NASDAQ Stock Market make it more
difficult and more expensive for us to maintain directors and officers liability insurance, and
we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to maintain
coverage. If we are unable to maintain adequate directors and officers insurance, our ability to
recruit and retain qualified directors, especially those directors who may be considered
independent for purposes of the NASDAQ Stock Market rules, and officers will be significantly
curtailed.
Changes in our tax rates or exposure to additional tax liabilities could adversely affect our
earnings and financial condition.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and in various foreign jurisdictions.
Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes, and, in
the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the
ultimate tax determination is uncertain.
We are also required to estimate what our tax obligations will be in the future. Although we
believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the estimation process and applicable laws are inherently
uncertain, and our estimates are not binding on tax authorities.
The tax laws treatment of software and internet-based transactions is particularly uncertain
and in some cases currently applicable tax laws are ill-suited to address these kinds of
transactions. Apart from an adverse resolution of these uncertainties, our effective tax rate could
also be adversely affected by our profit level, by changes in our business or changes in our
structure, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes
in the elections we make, changes in applicable tax laws (in the United States or foreign
jurisdictions), or changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, as well as other
factors. For example, the current administration has made public statements indicating that it has
made international tax reform a priority, and key members of the U.S. Congress have conducted
hearings and proposed new legislation. Recent changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on
the ability of taxpayers to claim and utilize foreign tax credits and the deferral of certain tax
deductions until earnings outside of the United States are repatriated to the United States, as
well as changes to U.S. tax laws that may be enacted in the future, could impact the tax treatment
of our foreign earnings.
Further, our tax determinations are subject to audit by tax authorities which could adversely
affect our income tax provision. Should our ultimate tax liability exceed our estimates, our income
tax provision and net income or loss could be materially affected.
We incur certain tax expenses that do not decline proportionately with declines in our
consolidated pre-tax income or loss. As a result, in absolute dollar terms, our tax expense will
have a greater influence on our effective tax rate at lower levels of pre-tax income or loss than
at higher levels. In addition, at lower levels of pre-tax income or loss, our effective tax rate
will be more volatile.
57
We are also required to pay taxes other than income taxes, such as payroll, value-added, net
worth, property and goods and services taxes, in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions.
We are subject to examination by tax authorities with respect to these non-income taxes. There can
be no assurance that the outcomes from examinations, changes in our business or changes in
applicable tax rules will not have an adverse effect on our earnings and financial condition. In
addition, we do not collect sales and use taxes since we do not make taxable sales in jurisdictions
where we have employees and/or property or we do not have nexus in the state. If tax authorities
assert that we have taxable nexus in the state, those authorities might seek to impose past as well
as future liability for taxes and/or penalties. Such impositions could also impose significant
administrative burdens and decrease our future sales. Moreover, state and federal legislatures have
been considering various initiatives that could change our position regarding sales and use taxes.
Furthermore, as we change our international operations, adopt new products and new
distribution models, implement changes to our operating structure or undertake intercompany
transactions in light of changing tax laws, acquisitions and our current and anticipated business
and operational requirements, our tax expense could increase.
Our stock price has fluctuated and declined significantly since our initial public offering in
March 2007, and may continue to fluctuate, may not rise and may decline further.
The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past and is expected to continue
to fluctuate in the future, as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our
control, such as:
|
|
|
price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of
trends in the economy as a whole, such as due to the recent downgrading of the credit
rating of the United States by Standard & Poors, the ongoing sovereign debt crisis in
Europe and the continuing unprecedented volatility in the financial markets; |
|
|
|
changes in the operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology
companies generally, or those in our industry in particular; |
|
|
|
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; |
|
|
|
the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these
projections or our failure to meet these projections; |
|
|
|
failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in
financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company or our industry,
our failure to meet these estimates or failure of those analysts to initiate or maintain
coverage of our stock; |
|
|
|
|
ratings or other changes by any securities analysts who follow our company or our
industry; |
|
|
|
announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations,
acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital raising activities or
capital commitments; |
|
|
|
the publics response to our press releases or other public announcements, including
our filings with the SEC; |
|
|
|
any significant sales of our stock by our directors, executive officers or large
stockholders, including the investors in the 2010 Private Placement whose shares have
been registered for resale under the Securities Act and may be freely sold at any time,
or by the former stockholders of Blammo and Griptonite, whose shares we have registered
for resale under the Securities Act; and |
|
|
|
lawsuits threatened or filed against us. |
In addition, the stock markets, including the NASDAQ Global Market on which our common stock
is listed, have recently and in the past, experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that
have affected the market prices of many companies, some of which appear to be unrelated or
disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market fluctuations
could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of
volatility in the market price of a particular companys securities, securities class action
litigation has often been brought against that company. Securities class action litigation against
us could result in substantial costs and divert our managements attention and resources.
58
Some provisions in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the terms of some of our licensing
and distribution agreements may deter third parties from seeking to acquire us.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition
of our company more difficult without the approval of our board of directors, including the
following:
|
|
|
our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered
three-year terms; |
|
|
|
only our chairman of the board, our lead independent director, our chief executive
officer, our president or a majority of our board of directors is authorized to call a
special meeting of stockholders; |
|
|
|
our stockholders are able to take action only at a meeting of stockholders and not by
written consent; |
|
|
|
only our board of directors and not our stockholders is able to fill vacancies on our
board of directors; |
|
|
|
our certificate of incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms
of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder
approval; and |
|
|
|
advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election
as directors or to bring matters before a meeting of stockholders. |
In addition, the terms of a number of our agreements with branded content owners and wireless
carriers effectively provide that, if we undergo a change of control, the applicable content owner
or carrier will be entitled to terminate the relevant agreement. Individually or collectively,
these matters may deter third parties from seeking to acquire us.
|
|
|
ITEM 2. |
|
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
Blammo Acquisition
On August 1, 2011, in connection with our acquisition of Blammo, we issued to the Blammo
shareholders an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of our unregistered and restricted common stock (the
Initial Shares), representing aggregate consideration of $5.1 million based on the $5.07 closing
price for our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market on August 1, 2011. In addition, we
agreed to issue to the Blammo shareholders, in the aggregate, up to an additional 3,312,937
shares of our common stock if Blammo achieves certain net revenue targets during the years ended
March 31, 2013, March 31, 2014 and March 31, 2015. The sale of the common stock to the Blammo
shareholders was deemed exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Regulation
S promulgated under the Securities Act. Pursuant to an obligation that we undertook in the Share
Purchase Agreement relating to the Blammo acquisition, on August 15, 2011, we filed a Registration
Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-176327) to register the resale of the Initial Shares.
Griptonite Acquisition
On August 2, 2011, in connection with our acquisition of Griptonite, we issued to Griptonites
sole shareholder 6,106,015 shares of our unregistered and restricted common stock, representing
consideration of $28.1 million based on the $4.60 closing price for our common stock on The NASDAQ
Global Market on August 2, 2011. The sale of the common stock was deemed exempt from registration
under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D
promulgated thereunder. Pursuant to an obligation that we undertook in the Merger Agreement
relating to the Griptonite acquisition, on August 15, 2011, we filed a Registration Statement on
Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-176325) to register the resale of these shares.
|
|
|
ITEM 3. |
|
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None.
59
None.
|
|
|
ITEM 5. |
|
OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index (following the Signatures section of this report) are
incorporated by reference into this Item 6.
60
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GLU MOBILE INC. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: November 14, 2011
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ Niccolo M. de Masi
Niccolo M. de Masi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: November 14, 2011
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ Eric R. Ludwig
Eric R. Ludwig
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Principal Financial Officer) |
|
|
61
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit |
|
|
|
|
|
Incorporated by Reference |
|
|
Filing |
|
Filed |
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Form |
|
File No. |
|
Exhibit |
|
|
Date |
|
Herewith |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.01 |
+ |
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 2,
2011, by and among Glu Mobile Inc., Granite
Acquisition Corp., Foundation 9 Entertainment, Inc.
and Griptonite, Inc.
|
|
8-K
|
|
001-33368
|
|
2.01 |
|
|
08/02/11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.02 |
|
|
Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as
of August 25, 2011, by and between Glu Mobile Inc.
and Foundation 9 Entertainment, Inc.
|
|
8-K
|
|
001-33368
|
|
2.01 |
|
|
08/15/11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.03 |
+ |
|
Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 1,
2011, by and among Glu Mobile Inc., Blammo Games
Inc. and the owners of all of the outstanding share
capital of Blammo Games Inc.
|
|
8-K
|
|
001-33368
|
|
2.02 |
|
|
08/02/11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.01 |
|
|
Amendment to Change of Control and Severance
Agreement between Glu Mobile Inc. and Niccolo M. de
Masi, dated as of July 7, 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.02 |
|
|
Amendment to Change of Control and Severance
Agreement between Glu Mobile Inc. and Eric R.
Ludwig, dated as of July 7, 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.03 |
|
|
Summary of Change of Control Severance Arrangement
between Glu Mobile Inc. and Kal Iyer, dated as of
July 7, 2011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.04 |
|
|
2008 Equity Inducement Plan, as amended and restated
on August 1, 2011
|
|
S-8
|
|
333-176318
|
|
4.03 |
|
|
08/15/11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.05 |
|
|
Lease Agreement by and among Foundation 9
Entertainment, Inc., Griptonite, Inc. and Marymoor
Warehouse Associates, LLC, dated as of November 5,
2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.01 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31.02 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)
/15d-14(a).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.01 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities
Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32.02 |
|
|
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities
Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
|
|
+ |
|
Certain schedules have been omitted. The company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of
any omitted schedule to the SEC upon request. |
|
* |
|
This certification is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities
Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will
not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933
or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that Glu Mobile Inc. specifically
incorporates it by reference. |
62