As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 13, 2012
Registration No. 333-
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
CDW CORPORATION*
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 5961 | 26-0273989 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
200 N. Milwaukee Avenue
Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061
Telephone: (847) 465-6000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
Christine A. Leahy
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary
CDW Corporation
200 N. Milwaukee Avenue
Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061
Telephone: (847) 465-6000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
James S. Rowe
Kirkland & Ellis LLP
300 N. LaSalle
Chicago, Illinois 60654
Telephone: (312) 862-2000
* | The co-registrants listed on the next page are also included in this Form S-4 Registration Statement as additional registrants. |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: The exchange will occur as soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box. ¨
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | x (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:
Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer) ¨
Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer) ¨
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
| ||||||||
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
Amount to be Registered |
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit (1) |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price |
Amount of Registration Fee | ||||
8.5% Senior Notes due 2019, Series B |
$130,000,000 | 100% | $130,000,000 | $14,898.00(1) | ||||
Guarantees on 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019, Series B |
$130,000,000 | | | (2) | ||||
| ||||||||
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(1) | Calculated in accordance with Rule 457 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
(2) | Pursuant to Rule 457(n), no separate fee is payable with respect to the guarantees being registered hereby. |
The registrants hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
Exact Name of Additional Registrants* |
Primary Standard Industrial Classification Number |
Jurisdiction of Formation |
I.R.S. Employer Identification No. |
|||||
CDW LLC |
5961 | Illinois | 36-3310735 | |||||
CDW Finance Corporation |
5961 | Delaware | 90-0600013 | |||||
CDW Technologies, Inc. |
5961 | Wisconsin | 39-1768725 | |||||
CDW Direct, LLC |
5961 | Illinois | 36-4530079 | |||||
CDW Government LLC |
5961 | Illinois | 36-4230110 | |||||
CDW Logistics, Inc. |
5961 | Illinois | 38-3679518 |
* | The address for each of the additional registrants is CDW Corporation, 200 N. Milwaukee Avenue, Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061. The name, address and telephone number of the agent for service for each of the additional registrants is Christine A. Leahy, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of CDW Corporation, 200 N. Milwaukee Avenue, Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061, telephone: (847) 465-6000. |
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the SEC is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor is it an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION,
DATED APRIL 13, 2012
PROSPECTUS
CDW LLC
CDW Finance Corporation
Exchange Offer for
8.5% Senior Notes due 2019
We are offering to exchange, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this prospectus and the accompanying letter of transmittal, up to $130,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of our new 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019, Series B (the Exchange Notes), which has been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), for any and all of our outstanding 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019 that were issued on February 17, 2012 (the Outstanding Notes, and such transaction, the Exchange Offer). Upon completion of the Exchange Offer, the Exchange Notes will trade fungibly with $1,141,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of our existing 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019, Series B (the Existing Exchange Notes), that we exchanged in December 2011 as part of a similar exchange offer for any and all of the then-outstanding $1,175,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019.
We are conducting the Exchange Offer in order to provide you with an opportunity to exchange the unregistered notes you hold for freely tradable notes that have been registered under the Securities Act.
The principal features of the Exchange Offer are as follows:
| The terms of the Exchange Notes to be issued in the Exchange Offer are substantially identical to the Outstanding Notes, except that the transfer restrictions, registration rights and additional interest provisions relating to the Outstanding Notes will not apply to the Exchange Notes. |
| You may withdraw your tender of Outstanding Notes at any time before the expiration of the Exchange Offer. We will exchange all of the Outstanding Notes that are validly tendered and not withdrawn. |
| Based upon interpretations by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), we believe that subject to some exceptions, the Exchange Notes may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by you without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act, provided you are not an affiliate of ours. |
| The Exchange Offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2012, unless extended. |
| The exchange of notes will not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
| We will not receive any proceeds from the Exchange Offer. |
| There is no existing public market for the Outstanding Notes. We have not listed the Existing Exchange Notes on any securities exchange and we do not intend to list the Exchange Notes on any securities exchange. |
Except in very limited circumstances, current and future holders of Outstanding Notes who do not participate in the Exchange Offer will not be entitled to any future registration rights, and will not be permitted to transfer their Outstanding Notes absent an available exemption from registration.
For a discussion of certain factors that you should consider before participating in the Exchange Offer, see Risk Factors beginning on page 18 of this prospectus.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved the Exchange Notes to be distributed in the Exchange Offer, nor have any of these organizations determined that this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
, 2012
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. The prospectus may be used only for the purposes for which it has been published. We have not authorized anyone to provide any information not contained herein. If you receive any other information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.
This prospectus contains summaries of the terms of several material documents. These summaries include the terms we believe to be material, but we urge you to review these documents in their entirety. We will provide without charge to each person to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of that person, a copy of any and all of these documents. Requests for copies should be directed to: CDW Corporation, 200 N. Milwaukee Avenue, Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061; Attention: Investor Relations (telephone (847) 465-6000).
MARKET, RANKING AND OTHER INDUSTRY DATA
This prospectus includes industry and trade association data, forecasts and information that we have prepared based, in part, upon data, forecasts and information obtained from independent trade associations, industry publications and surveys and other information available to us. Some data is also based on our good faith estimates, which are derived from managements knowledge of the industry and independent sources. Industry publications and surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but there can be no assurance as to the accuracy or completeness of included information. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources nor have we ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon therein. Statements as to our market position are based on market data currently available to us. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented herein, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading Risk Factors in this prospectus. Similarly, we believe our internal research is reliable, even though such research has not been verified by any independent sources.
This prospectus includes our trademarks such as CDW, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are the property of CDW Corporation or its subsidiaries. This prospectus also contains trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ® or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names.
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This summary highlights selected information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the section entitled Risk Factors and the consolidated financial statements and notes related to those statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding whether to participate in the Exchange Offer. On October 12, 2007, CDW Corporation, an Illinois corporation (Target), was acquired by CDW Corporation, a Delaware corporation formerly known as VH Holdings, Inc. (Parent), a then-newly formed entity indirectly controlled by investment funds affiliated with Madison Dearborn Partners, LLC (Madison Dearborn) and Providence Equity Partners L.L.C. (Providence Equity), in a transaction valued at approximately $7.4 billion, including fees and expenses (the Acquisition). For financial reporting purposes, we refer to Target and its subsidiaries prior to the Acquisition as the Predecessor and we refer to Parent and its subsidiaries (including Target) following the Acquisition as the Successor. On December 31, 2009, Target merged into CDWC LLC, a limited liability company wholly owned by Parent, with CDWC LLC as the surviving company in the merger (the CDW LLC Merger). On December 31, 2009, CDWC LLC was renamed CDW LLC and on August 17, 2010, VH Holdings, Inc. was renamed CDW Corporation. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, the terms we, us, the Company, our, CDW and other similar terms refer to the business of Parent and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Our Business
Overview
CDW is a leading multi-brand technology solutions provider to business, government, education and healthcare customers in the U.S. and Canada. We provide comprehensive and integrated solutions for our customers technology needs through our extensive hardware, software and value-added service offerings. We serve over 250,000 customers through our experienced and dedicated sales force of more than 3,600 coworkers. We offer over 100,000 products from over 1,000 brands and a multitude of advanced technology solutions. Our broad range of technology products includes leading brands such as Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Cisco, Lenovo, EMC, IBM, Apple and VMware. Our offerings range from discrete hardware and software products to complex technology solutions such as virtualization, collaboration, security, mobility, data center optimization and cloud computing. Our sales and operating results have been driven by the combination of our large and knowledgeable selling organization, highly skilled technology specialists and engineers, extensive range of product offerings, strong vendor partner relationships, and fulfillment and logistics capabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2011, our net sales, net income and Adjusted EBITDA were $9,602.4 million, $17.1 million and $717.3 million, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. See Summary Historical Financial Data for the definition of Adjusted EBITDA, the reasons for its inclusion and a reconciliation to net income.
We have two reportable segments:
Corporate. Our Corporate segment customers are primarily in the small and medium business category, which we define as customers with up to 1,000 employees at a single location. We also serve larger customers, including FORTUNE 1000 companies, that value our broad offerings, brand selection and flexible delivery model. We have over 200,000 active accounts, well diversified across numerous industries. Our Corporate segment is divided into a small business customer channel, primarily serving customers with up to 100 employees, and a medium-large business customer channel, primarily serving customers with more than 100 employees. Our Corporate segment sales team is primarily organized by geography and customer size. We believe this enables us to better understand and serve customer needs, optimize sales resource coverage, and strengthen relationships with vendor partners to create more sales opportunities. Our Corporate segment generated net sales of $5,334.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Public. Our Public segment is divided into government, education and healthcare customer channels. The government channel serves federal as well as state and local governments. Our education channel serves higher education and K-12 customers. The healthcare channel serves customers across the healthcare provider industry. We have built sizable businesses in each of our three Public customer channels as annual net sales for the year ended December 31, 2011 exceeded $1 billion for each customer channel. Our Public segment sales teams are organized by customer channel, and within each customer channel, they are generally organized by geography, except our federal government sales teams, which are organized by agency. We believe this enables our sales teams to address the specific needs of their customer channel while promoting strong customer relationships. Our Public segment generated net sales of $3,757.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Other. We also have two other operating segments, CDW Advanced Services and Canada, which do not meet the reportable segment quantitative thresholds and, accordingly, are combined together as Other. The CDW Advanced Services business is comprised of customized engineering services, delivered by CDW professional engineers, as well as managed
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services, including hosting and data center services. Certain other services, such as custom configuration and third-party services, are included in our Corporate and Public segment net sales and not in Other. Advanced services provided by CDW professional engineers are recorded in CDW Advanced Services. Our CDW Advanced Services and Canada business segments generated net sales of $510.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
For further information on our segments, including financial results, see Note 18 to our Audited Financial Statements.
History
CDW was founded in 1984. In 2003, we purchased selected U.S. assets and the Canadian operations of Micro Warehouse, which extended our growth platform into Canada. In 2006, we acquired Berbee Information Networks Corporation, a provider of technology products, solutions and customized engineering services in advanced technologies primarily across Cisco, IBM and Microsoft portfolios. This acquisition increased our capabilities in customized engineering services and managed services. In 2007, we were acquired by Parent. For a description of the acquisition, see The Acquisition Transactions and Related Financing Events.
Industry Overview
According to International Data Corporation (IDC), the overall U.S. technology market generated approximately $601 billion in sales in 2011, including $216 billion in hardware sales, $158 billion in software sales and $227 billion in services sales. The channels through which these products and services are delivered are highly fragmented and served by a multitude of participants. These participants include original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), software publishers, wholesale distributors and resellers. Wholesale distributors, such as Ingram Micro Inc., Tech Data Corporation and SYNNEX Corporation, act as intermediaries between OEMs and software publishers, on the one hand, and resellers, on the other hand, providing logistics management and supply-chain services. Resellers, which include direct marketers, value-added resellers, e-tailers and retailers, sell products and/or services directly to the end-user customer, sourcing products sold to their customers directly from OEMs and software publishers or from wholesale distributors. CDW is a technology solutions provider with both direct marketer and value-added reseller capabilities.
Two key customer groups within our addressable market are the small and medium business market and the public sector market. The small and medium business market is highly fragmented and is generally characterized by companies that employ fewer than 1,000 employees. The public sector market is also fragmented and is generally divided into market verticals, each with specialized needs that require an adaptive and flexible sales, services and logistics model to meet customer needs. We believe that many vendors rely heavily on channel partners like CDW to efficiently serve small and medium business and public sector customers.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe the following strengths have contributed to our success and enabled us to become an important strategic partner for both our customers and our vendor partners:
Significant Scale and Scope
We are a leading multi-brand technology solutions provider in the U.S. and Canada. Based upon publicly available information, we believe that our net sales are significantly larger than any other multi-brand direct marketer or value-added reseller in the U.S. Our significant scale and scope create competitive advantages through:
| Breadth of solutions for our customers. The breadth and depth of knowledge that our direct selling organization, specialists and engineers have across multiple industries and technologies position us well to anticipate and meet our customers needs. Our size allows us to provide our customers with a broad selection of over 100,000 technology products from over 1,000 brands and a multitude of advanced technology solutions at competitive prices. We have leveraged our scale to provide a high level of customer service and a breadth of technology options, making it easy for customers to do business with us. |
| Broad market access for our vendor partners. We believe we are an attractive route to market for our vendor partners in part because we provide them with access to a cost-effective and highly knowledgeable sales and marketing organization that reaches over 250,000 customers. Our vendor partners recognize that, in addition to providing broad customer reach, our scale and scope enables us to sell, deliver and implement their products and services to customers with a high level of knowledge and consistency. |
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| Operational cost efficiencies and productivity. Our large scale provides us with operational cost efficiencies across our organization, including purchasing, operations, IT, sales, marketing and other support functions. We leverage these advantages through our two modern distribution centers, our efficient business processes and constant focus on productivity improvements, and our proprietary information systems, which has enabled us to provide cost-efficient service to our customers. |
Coworker Culture
Our steadfast focus on serving customers and investing in coworkers has fostered a strong, get it done culture at CDW. Since our founding, we have adhered to a core philosophy known as the Circle of Service, which places the customer at the center of all of our actions. We have consistently and cost effectively invested in our coworkers by providing broad and deep coworker training, supplying resources that contribute to their success, and offering them broad career development opportunities. This constant focus on customers and coworkers has created a customer-centric, highly engaged coworker base, which ultimately benefits our customers and fosters customer loyalty.
Large and Knowledgeable Direct Selling Organization
We have a large and experienced sales force, consisting of more than 3,600 coworkers, including almost 2,900 account managers and field account executives. We believe our success is due, in part, to the strength of our account managers dedicated relationships with customers that are developed by calling on existing and new customers, providing advice on products, responding to customer inquiries and developing solutions to our customers complex technology needs. The deep industry knowledge of our dedicated sales, marketing and support resources within each of our customer channels allows us to understand and solve the unique challenges and evolving technology needs of our customers. Multiple customer surveys administered by independent parties consistently show that customers view CDW as a leader in customer service compared to other multi-brand resellers and solution providers.
Highly Skilled Technology Specialists and Engineers
Our direct selling organization is supported by a team of almost 800 technology specialists and almost 600 service delivery engineers with more than 3,400 industry-recognized certifications who bring deep product and solution knowledge and experience to the technology challenges of our customers. We believe our technology specialists, who work with customers and our direct selling organization to design solutions and provide recommendations in the selection and procurement process, are an important resource and differentiator for us as we seek to expand our offerings of value-added services and solutions.
Large and Established Customer Channels
We have grown our customer channels within the Corporate and Public segments to sizeable businesses. Our government, education, healthcare and small business channels each has net sales that exceed $1 billion. Our scale allows us to create specialized sales resources across multiple customer markets, which enables us to better understand and meet our customers evolving IT requirements. Our scale also provides us diversification benefits. For instance, our Public segment, which is comprised of our government, education and healthcare channels, has historically been less correlated to economic cycles, as evidenced by its 5% net sales growth in 2009 while overall technology spending declined in the U.S. market, according to IDC.
Strong, Established Vendor Partner Relationships
We believe that our strong vendor partner relationships differentiate us from other multi-brand technology solutions providers. In addition to providing a cost-effective route to market for vendor partners, we believe that many of our competitive strengths enhance our value proposition to our vendor partners. We believe we are an important extension of our vendor partners sales and marketing capabilities as we are the largest U.S. reseller for many of our vendor partners, including Hewlett-Packard. We have three vendor partners with whom we have annual $1 billion-plus relationships, and we have 14 vendor partners with whom we have relationships exceeding $100 million a year. As such, we are able to provide technology resources and insights to our customers that might otherwise be difficult for them to access independently or through other technology providers. Our direct selling organization, technology specialists and large customer channels allow us to develop intimate knowledge of our customers environments and their specific needs. Frequently, vendor partners will select CDW as a partner to develop and grow new customer solutions. We are regularly recognized with top awards from our vendor partners. In 2011, we were named Microsofts Volume Licensing Partner of the Year and received eight Cisco Partner of the Year awards.
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Our Business Strategies
Our goal is to continue to strengthen our position as a leading multi-brand national provider of technology products and solutions by growing our revenues and driving profitability. We plan to achieve this objective by capitalizing on our competitive strengths and pursuing the following strategies:
Focus on Customer Requirements and Market Segmentation
We have grown our revenues faster than the market, which we attribute in large part to our focus on customer requirements and market segmentation. We believe our customer intimacy enables us to better understand our customers needs and to better identify profitable growth opportunities. We intend to maintain this focus with a goal of continuing to outpace our competitors in revenue growth in the markets we serve through increased share of wallet from existing customers, sales to new customers and expanded IT services offerings to both new and existing customers. We believe our efforts in these areas will be augmented as we improve our sales coverage and further segment our customer base, further leverage our knowledge of our customers environments and continue to help our customers adopt proven technologies that meet their needs and make the most of their IT investments.
Leverage our Superior Sales and Marketing Model
We intend to continue to leverage our large, highly productive sales and marketing organization to serve existing customer requirements, effectively target new customer prospects, improve our product and solutions offerings, maximize sales resource coverage, strategically deploy internal sales teams, technology specialists and field sales account executives, and strengthen vendor partner relationships, all with the end goal of creating profitable sales opportunities. Some of the initiatives we have implemented within the last few years, including our realignment of our medium and large corporate account managers into geographic regions, our addition of selling resources to our healthcare customer channel and our addition of more technology specialists to facilitate sales of newer and more complex technology solutions, have contributed to an increase in our annualized net sales per coworker from $1.364 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2007 to $1.476 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2011. We plan to continue to identify and pursue opportunities that further enhance productivity. Recently, we have added sales operations supervisors to handle administrative tasks for our direct sales force coworkers, which we believe will further enhance their productivity, and we have continued to align our compensation programs to drive profitable revenue growth.
Meet our Customers Changing Needs through Expanded Service Offerings and Solutions
We intend to continue to expand the range of technology solutions we offer to continue to keep pace with the technology marketplace. As customers increasingly demand more elaborate services and solutions in addition to traditional hardware and software products, we believe that expanding the range of technology solutions that we offer will enhance our value proposition to our customers and help us to maximize our revenue and profit growth potential. We have added almost 600 technology specialists since mid-2004 and almost 500 services delivery engineers since mid-2006. CDW currently has almost 800 technology specialists, organized around core solutions and aligned with our selling organization. CDW is growing its presence in geographic markets across the U.S. with coworkers focused on delivering customized engineering solutions. We plan to continue to invest in resources and training for our technology specialists and services delivery coworkers to provide our customers with the expert advice and experience they need to make the most of their technology expenditures.
Leverage Relationships with Leading Vendor Partners
We intend to continue to leverage our long-standing relationships with major vendor partners to support the growth and profitability of our business. We plan to use our vendor partner relationships to ensure that our sales organization remains well-positioned and well-trained to market new and emerging technologies to end users. As one example, we are currently working with several large vendor partners to assist them in the sales of cloud computing solutions to the small and medium business marketplace. We believe our strong vendor partner relationships will also provide collaborative opportunities for our sales organization and vendor field sales representatives to identify and fulfill additional customer requirements, creating increased sales to both new and existing customers. In addition, we plan to leverage our significant scale to maximize the benefits from volume discounts, purchase or sales rebates, vendor incentive programs and marketing development funds.
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Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
| General economic conditions could negatively affect technology spending by our customers and put downward pressure on prices, which may have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations or cash flows. |
| Our financial performance could be adversely affected by decreases in spending on technology products and services by our Public segment customers. |
| Our business depends on our vendor partner relationships and the availability of their products. |
| Our sales are dependent on continued innovations in hardware, software and services offerings by our vendor partners and the competitiveness of their offerings. |
| Substantial competition could reduce our market share and significantly harm our financial performance. |
| Our substantial indebtedness could limit our operating flexibility, place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our less leveraged competitors and increase our vulnerability to both general and industry-specific adverse economic conditions. |
If these or any of the other risks described in the section entitled Risk Factors were to occur, the trading price of the Exchange Notes would likely decline and we may become unable to make payments of interest and principal on the Exchange Notes, as a result of which you may lose all or part of your original investment.
The Acquisition Transactions and Related Financing Events
On October 12, 2007, Parent acquired Target in the Acquisition, a transaction having an aggregate value of approximately $7.4 billion, including fees and expenses. Parent is owned directly by CDW Holdings LLC (CDW Holdings), a company controlled by investment funds affiliated with Madison Dearborn and Providence Equity (collectively, the Equity Sponsors). The Acquisition was effected through the merger of VH MergerSub, Inc. (MergerSub), a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of Parent, with and into Target, which was the surviving corporation. Immediately following the merger, Target became a wholly owned direct subsidiary of Parent.
Substantially all of the equity interests of CDW Holdings are owned by investment funds affiliated with the Equity Sponsors, certain other co-investors and certain members of our management (the Management Investors, and together with the Equity Sponsors and certain other co-investors, the Equity Investors).
In order to fund the Acquisition, on October 12, 2007, MergerSub entered into an $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (as in effect at the time of the Acquisition and as subsequently refinanced, the ABL Facility), a $2,200.0 million senior secured term loan facility (as in effect at the time of the Acquisition and as subsequently amended, the Term Loan Facility, and together with the ABL Facility, the Senior Credit Facilities), a $1,040.0 million senior bridge loan agreement (the Senior Bridge Loans) and a $940.0 million senior subordinated bridge loan agreement (the Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans, and together with the Senior Bridge Loans, the Bridge Loans). CDW has subsequently assumed this indebtedness as successor in interest to MergerSub. We were required to pay cash interest on $520.0 million of the outstanding principal of the Senior Bridge Loans (the Senior Cash Pay Loans) and could elect to pay cash or PIK interest on the remaining $520.0 million of the outstanding principal amount (the Senior PIK Election Loans). In 2008, we amended and restated the Term Loan Facility and in 2009, we entered into an additional amendment. In 2010, we entered into a further amendment of the Term Loan Facility to, among other things, extend the final maturity of a portion of the Term Loan Facility (the Extended Loans) and reduce the principal amounts outstanding thereunder, and in connection with this amendment, we issued $500.0 million of 8.0% senior secured notes due 2018 (the Senior Secured Notes) and used the proceeds to prepay a portion of indebtedness under the Term Loan Facility. For a summary of the material terms of the Term Loan Facility, see Description of Certain Indebtedness. In 2008, we amended and restated the Bridge Loans to, among other things, change the principal amounts outstanding thereunder, and in connection with these amendments, we prepaid a portion of our Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans. Under the terms of the Bridge Loans, holders were entitled to request the conversion of their Bridge Loans into notes. At the request of these holders, we issued $890.0 million of 11.00% senior cash pay exchange notes due 2015 (the Existing Senior Cash Pay Notes), $317.0 million of 11.50%/12.25% senior PIK election exchange notes due 2015 (the Existing Senior PIK Election Notes, and together with the Existing Senior Cash Pay Notes, the Existing Senior Notes) and $721.5 million of 12.535% senior subordinated exchange notes due 2017 (the Existing Senior Subordinated Notes) in exchange for all of our outstanding Bridge Loans, a process we completed on October 14, 2010. For a summary of the material terms of our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes, see Description of Certain Indebtedness.
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On April 13, 2011, we completed a tender offer to purchase a total of $665.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the Existing Senior Notes. In connection with the tender offer, CDW Escrow Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (the Original Escrow Issuer), issued $725.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.5% senior notes due 2019 (the April 2011 Senior Notes) in order to pay the consideration in the tender offer. On May 20, 2011, we completed a tender offer to purchase a total of $412.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the Existing Senior Notes. In connection with this tender offer, CDW Escrow Corporation, a newly formed, wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (the New Escrow Issuer, and together with the Original Escrow Issuer, the Escrow Issuers), issued an additional $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019 (the May 2011 Senior Notes) in order to pay the consideration in the tender offer. Following each issuance, CDW LLC and CDW Finance Corporation (CDW Finance) assumed the Escrow Issuers respective obligations thereunder. We subsequently registered $1,141,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes for a like principal amount of new 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019, Series B, which we sometimes refer to in this prospectus as the Existing Exchange Notes.)
On June 24, 2011, we refinanced the ABL Facility, which, among other things, extended the final maturity of the ABL Facility from 2012 to 2016 and increased the size of the facility from $800.0 million to $900.0 million (the ABL Facility Refinancing). For a summary of the material terms of the ABL Facility, see Description of Certain Indebtedness.
On February 17, 2012, we accepted for purchase $120.6 million in aggregate principal amount of the Existing Senior Notes that were tendered in a tender offer and consent solicitation by February 16, 2012. On March 5, 2012, we accepted for purchase an additional $0.1 million in aggregate principal amount of the Existing Senior Notes that were tendered prior to the expiration of the tender offer on March 2, 2012. On March 19, 2012, we redeemed the remaining $8.3 million in aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes that were not tendered in the tender offer and consent solicitation. As of the date of this prospectus, there are no Existing Senior Notes outstanding. In connection with the tender offer and consent solicitation and subsequent redemption, CDW LLC and CDW Finance issued an additional $130.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019 (the Outstanding Notes or the February 2012 Senior Notes) in order to pay the consideration in the tender offer and consent solicitation and subsequent redemption. The tender offer and consent solicitation and the purchase of Existing Senior Notes pursuant thereto, the redemption of Existing Senior Notes not tendered in the tender offer and consent solicitation, and the issuance of the February 2012 Senior Notes are collectively referred to herein as the 2012 Refinancing Transactions. The April 2011 Senior Notes, the May 2011 Senior Notes and the February 2012 Senior Notes are collectively referred to herein as the Senior Notes. The indentures governing the Existing Senior Subordinated Notes, the Senior Secured Notes and the Senior Notes are collectively referred to herein as the Indentures.
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Corporate Structure
The following chart summarizes our current corporate structure and our indebtedness as of December 31, 2011, on an as adjusted basis after giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions.
(1) | Investment funds affiliated with Madison Dearborn and Providence Equity, along with two limited partnerships created by the Equity Sponsors to facilitate an investment in CDW Holdings, own approximately 94.1% of the outstanding voting interests of CDW Holdings as of December 31, 2011. |
(2) | After giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, as of December 31, 2011, we would have had no outstanding indebtedness, $1.7 million of issued and undrawn letters of credit and $219.0 million of floorplan reserves under our $900.0 million ABL Facility and could have borrowed an additional $679.3 million under this facility. |
(3) | Represents the Senior Notes issued in April 2011, May 2011 and February 2012 and gives effect to the repurchase of all of our remaining Existing Senior Notes in a tender offer and consent solicitation in February 2012 and subsequent redemption in March 2012 using the gross proceeds from the Senior Notes issued in February 2012. |
(4) | Formed in 2010 for the sole purpose of serving as a corporate co-issuer, CDW Finance is a co-issuer of the Senior Secured Notes, the Senior Notes and the Existing Senior Subordinated Notes and will be a co-issuer of the Exchange Notes offered hereby. CDW Finance does not hold any material assets or engage in any business activities or operations. |
(5) | Our non-guarantor subsidiary, CDW Canada, Inc., held approximately 1.9% of our total assets as of December 31, 2011 and generated approximately 4.0% of our net sales and approximately 2.6% of our Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure (as defined below in Summary Historical Financial Data), for the year ended December 31, 2011. |
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Corporate Information
CDW LLC is an Illinois limited liability company and a subsidiary of CDW Corporation, a Delaware corporation. CDW Finance is a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of CDW Corporation.
Our principal executive offices are located at 200 N. Milwaukee Avenue, Vernon Hills, Illinois 60061, and our telephone number at that address is (847) 465-6000. Our website is located at http://www.cdw.com. The information on our website is not part of this prospectus.
Equity Sponsors
Madison Dearborn, based in Chicago, is one of the most experienced and successful private equity investment firms in the United States. Madison Dearborn has raised over $18 billion of capital since its formation in 1992 and has invested in more than 100 companies. Madison Dearborn-affiliated investment funds invest in businesses across a broad spectrum of industries, including basic industries, consumer, financial services, health care and telecom, media and technology services.
Providence Equity is a leading global private equity firm focused on media, communications, information and education investments. Providence Equity has $23 billion of equity under management and has invested in more than 100 companies over its 20-year history. Providence Equity is headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island and has offices in New York, Los Angeles, London, Hong Kong and New Delhi.
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Summary of the Exchange Offer
The Initial Offering of Outstanding Notes |
We sold $130,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes on February 17, 2012 to Barclays Capital Inc. We refer to the initial purchaser of the Outstanding Notes in this prospectus as the initial purchaser. The initial purchaser subsequently resold the Outstanding Notes to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act. | |
Registration Rights Agreement |
Simultaneously with the initial sale of the Outstanding Notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement (the Registration Rights Agreement), pursuant to which we have agreed, among other things, to use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC and cause to become effective a registration statement relating to an offer to exchange the Outstanding Notes for SEC-registered notes with terms identical to the Outstanding Notes. The Exchange Offer is intended to satisfy your rights under the Registration Rights Agreement. After the Exchange Offer is complete, you will, subject to only limited exceptions in limited circumstances, no longer be entitled to any exchange or registration rights with respect to your Outstanding Notes. | |
The Exchange Offer |
We are offering to exchange up to $130,000,000 aggregate principal amount of our new 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019, Series B, which have been registered under the Securities Act (Exchange Notes), for any and all of our February 2012 Senior Notes. Upon completion of the Exchange Offer, the Exchange Notes will trade fungibly with $1,141,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Existing Exchange Notes that we exchanged in December 2011 as part of a similar exchange offer for any and all of the then-outstanding $1,175,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 8.5% Senior Notes due 2019.
In order to be exchanged, an Outstanding Note must be properly tendered and accepted. All Outstanding Notes that are validly tendered and not validly withdrawn will be exchanged. We will issue Exchange Notes promptly after the expiration of the Exchange Offer.
Interest on the Outstanding Notes accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer will cease to accrue upon the issuance of the Exchange Notes. The Exchange Notes will bear interest from the date of issuance, and such interest will be payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest on the Outstanding Notes accepted for exchange, on the first interest payment date following the closing of the Exchange Offer. Interest will continue to accrue on any Outstanding Notes that are not exchanged for Exchange Notes in the Exchange Offer. | |
Resales |
Based on an interpretation by the staff of the SEC set forth in no-action letters issued to third parties, we believe that the Exchange Notes issued to you in the Exchange Offer may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by you without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act provided that: |
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the Exchange Notes are being acquired by you in the ordinary course of your business;
you are not participating, do not intend to participate, and have no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate, in the distribution of the Exchange Notes issued to you in the Exchange Offer; and
you are not an affiliate of ours. | ||
If any of these conditions are not satisfied and you transfer any Exchange Notes issued to you in the Exchange Offer without delivering a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act or without an exemption from registration of your Exchange Notes from these requirements, you may incur liability under the Securities Act. We will not assume, nor will we indemnify you against, any such liability. | ||
Each broker-dealer that is issued Exchange Notes in the Exchange Offer for its own account in exchange for Outstanding Notes that were acquired by that broker-dealer as a result of market-making or other trading activities must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of the Exchange Notes. A broker-dealer may use this prospectus for an offer to resell, resale or other retransfer of the Exchange Notes issued to it in the Exchange Offer. | ||
Expiration Date |
The Exchange Offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2012, unless we decide to extend the expiration date. | |
Conditions to the Exchange Offer |
The Exchange Offer is subject to customary conditions, which we may waive. See Exchange OfferConditions. | |
Procedures for Tendering Outstanding Notes |
If you wish to tender your Outstanding Notes for exchange in the Exchange Offer, you must transmit to the exchange agent on or before the expiration date either:
an original or a facsimile of a properly completed and duly executed copy of the letter of transmittal, which accompanies this prospectus, together with your Outstanding Notes and any other documentation required by the letter of transmittal, at the address provided on the cover page of the letter of transmittal; or
if the Outstanding Notes you own are held of record by The Depository Trust Company (DTC) in book-entry form and you are making delivery by book-entry transfer, a computer-generated message transmitted by means of the Automated Tender Offer Program System of DTC (ATOP), in which you acknowledge and agree to be bound by the terms of the letter of transmittal and which, when received by the exchange agent, forms a part of a confirmation of book-entry transfer. As part of the book-entry transfer, DTC will facilitate the exchange of your Outstanding Notes and update your account to reflect the issuance of the Exchange Notes to you. ATOP allows you to electronically transmit your acceptance of the Exchange Offer to DTC instead of physically completing and delivering a letter of transmittal to the exchange agent. |
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In addition, you must deliver to the exchange agent on or before the expiration date:
a timely confirmation of book-entry transfer of your Outstanding Notes into the account of the exchange agent at DTC if you are effecting delivery of book-entry transfer, or
if necessary, the documents required for compliance with the guaranteed delivery procedures.
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Special Procedures for Beneficial Owners |
If you are the beneficial owner of book-entry interests and your name does not appear on a security position listing of DTC as the holder of the book-entry interests or if you are a beneficial owner of Outstanding Notes that are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and you wish to tender the book-entry interest or Outstanding Notes in the Exchange Offer, you should contact the person in whose name your book-entry interests or Outstanding Notes are registered promptly and instruct that person to tender on your behalf. | |
Withdrawal Rights |
You may withdraw the tender of your Outstanding Notes at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2012. | |
Effect of Not Tendering in the Exchange Offer |
Any notes now outstanding that are not tendered or that are tendered but not accepted will remain subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in the Outstanding Notes and the Indenture under which they were issued. Since the Outstanding Notes have not been registered under the federal securities laws, they may bear a legend restricting their transfer absent registration or the availability of a specific exemption from registration. Upon completion of the Exchange Offer, we will have no further obligation to register, and currently we do not anticipate that we will register, the Outstanding Notes under the Securities Act except in limited circumstances with respect to specific types of holders of Outstanding Notes. | |
Federal Income Tax Considerations |
The exchange of Outstanding Notes will not be a taxable event for United States federal income tax purposes. | |
Use of Proceeds |
We will not receive any proceeds from the issuance of Exchange Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer. We will pay all of our expenses incident to the Exchange Offer. | |
Exchange Agent |
U.S. Bank National Association is serving as the exchange agent in connection with the Exchange Offer. |
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Summary of Terms of the Exchange Notes
The form and terms of the Exchange Notes are the same as the form and terms of the Outstanding Notes, except that the Exchange Notes will be registered under the Securities Act. As a result, the Exchange Notes will not bear legends restricting their transfer and will not contain the registration rights and liquidated damage provisions contained in the Outstanding Notes. The Exchange Notes represent the same debt as the Outstanding Notes. Both the Outstanding Notes and the Exchange Notes are governed by the same indenture. Unless the context otherwise requires, we use the term notes in this prospectus to collectively refer to the Outstanding Notes and the Exchange Notes.
Issuers |
CDW LLC, an Illinois limited liability company, and CDW Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation, as co-issuers. | |
Securities |
Up to $130,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of Exchange Notes. | |
Maturity |
The Exchange Notes will mature on April 1, 2019. | |
Interest |
The Exchange Notes will bear interest at 8.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year until maturity, beginning on . | |
Optional Redemption |
We may redeem all or part of the Exchange Notes at any time prior to April 1, 2015 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date and a make-whole premium, as described under Description of Exchange NotesOptional Redemption.
We may redeem all or part of the Exchange Notes at any time on or after April 1, 2015 at the redemption prices specified in Description of Exchange Notes Optional Redemption.
In addition at any time prior to April 1, 2014, we may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Exchange Notes at a redemption price equal to 108.5% of the face amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds that we raise in one or more equity offerings. | |
Mandatory Offers to Purchase |
Upon the occurrence of specific kinds of changes of control, you will have the right, as holders of the notes, to cause us to repurchase some or all of your notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date.
If we sell assets following the issue date, under certain circumstances, we will be required to use the net proceeds to make an offer to purchase the notes at an offer price in cash in an amount equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date. | |
Guarantees |
On the issue date, our obligations under the Exchange Notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several and senior unsecured basis by Parent and each of our direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that guarantees our existing indebtedness or the existing indebtedness of the guarantors. If we fail to make payments on any series of the notes, our guarantors must make the payments instead. Each person that guarantees our obligations under the notes and the indenture is referred to as a Guarantor. |
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Our non-guarantor subsidiaries represented approximately 1.9% of our total assets and less than 1% of our total liabilities as of December 31, 2011. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2011, our non-guarantor subsidiaries generated approximately 4.0% of our net sales and 2.6% of our Adjusted EBITDA. | ||
Ranking |
The Exchange Notes and the guarantees thereof will be our and the Guarantors senior unsecured obligations and will: | |
be effectively subordinated to all of our and the Guarantors existing and future secured debt, including our Senior Secured Notes, our ABL Facility and our Term Loan Facility, and to our inventory financing agreements we have entered into with certain financial institutions in order to facilitate the purchase of certain inventory, in each case to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt or other obligations;
be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of the issuers non-guarantor subsidiaries;
rank equal in right of payment with all of our and the Guarantors existing and future unsecured senior debt, including the April 2011 Senior Notes, the May 2011 Senior Notes and the related guarantees; and
rank senior in right of payment to all of our and the Guarantors existing and future subordinated debt, including our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes and the related guarantees. | ||
In addition, the Exchange Notes and the guarantees of our obligations under the Exchange Notes will be effectively subordinated to all of the existing and future liabilities and obligations (including trade payables, but excluding intercompany liabilities) of each of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. | ||
Covenants |
The indenture under which the Outstanding Notes were issued will govern the Exchange Notes. The indenture contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to: |
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| incur or guarantee additional indebtedness, or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock; | |||
| pay dividends on or make other distributions in respect of our membership interests or capital stock or make other restricted payments; | |||
| create liens on certain assets to secure debt; | |||
| make certain investments; | |||
| sell certain assets; | |||
| place restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to us; | |||
| consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; | |||
| enter into transactions with our affiliates; and | |||
| designate our subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries. | |||
These covenants are subject to a number of important exceptions and qualifications. For more details, see Description of Exchange Notes.
If the Exchange Notes are assigned an investment grade rating by Standard & Poors Rating Services (Standard & Poors) and Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) and no default has occurred or is continuing, certain covenants will be suspended. If either rating on the Exchange Notes should subsequently decline to below investment grade, the suspended covenants will be reinstated. |
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Summary Historical Financial Data
The following table sets forth our summary historical financial data for the periods ended and as of dates indicated below. We have derived the summary historical financial data presented below as of December 31, 2009, December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011 from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our summary historical financial data may not be a reliable indicator of future results of operations.
The summary historical financial data set forth below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data, Risk Factors, Use of Proceeds, Capitalization, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our historical consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
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Net sales |
$ | 7,162.6 | $ | 8,801.2 | $ | 9,602.4 | ||||||
Cost of sales |
6,029.7 | 7,410.4 | 8,015.0 | |||||||||
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Gross profit |
1,132.9 | 1,390.8 | 1,587.4 | |||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
821.1 | 932.1 | 994.0 | |||||||||
Advertising expense |
101.9 | 106.0 | 122.7 | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
241.8 | | | |||||||||
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(Loss) income from operations |
(31.9 | ) | 352.7 | 470.7 | ||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(431.7 | ) | (391.9 | ) | (324.2 | ) | ||||||
Net gain (loss) on extinguishments of long-term debt |
| 2.0 | (118.9 | ) | ||||||||
Other income, net |
2.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | |||||||||
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(Loss) income before income taxes |
(461.2 | ) | (37.0 | ) | 28.3 | |||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
87.8 | 7.8 | (11.2 | ) | ||||||||
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Net (loss) income |
$ | (373.4 | ) | $ | (29.2 | ) | $ | 17.1 | ||||
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Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
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Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 88.0 | $ | 36.6 | $ | 99.9 | ||||||
Working capital |
923.2 | 675.4 | 538.2 | |||||||||
Total assets |
5,976.0 | 5,943.8 | 5,949.6 | |||||||||
Total secured debt (1) |
2,681.9 | 2,361.5 | 2,040.5 | |||||||||
Total debt and capitalized lease obligations (1) |
4,621.9 | 4,290.0 | 4,066.0 | |||||||||
Total shareholders deficit |
(44.7 | ) | (43.5 | ) | (7.3 | ) | ||||||
Other Financial Data: |
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Capital expenditures |
$ | 15.6 | $ | 41.5 | $ | 45.7 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
218.2 | 209.4 | 204.9 | |||||||||
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales |
15.8 | % | 15.8 | % | 16.5 | % | ||||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (2) |
(a | ) | (a | ) | 1:1 | |||||||
EBITDA (3) |
188.7 | 564.3 | 557.4 | |||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (3) |
465.4 | 601.8 | 717.3 | |||||||||
Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
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Net cash provided by (used in): |
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Operating activities (4) |
$ | 107.6 | $ | 423.7 | $ | 214.7 | ||||||
Investing activities |
(82.6 | ) | (125.4 | ) | (56.0 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities (4) |
(31.9 | ) | (350.1 | ) | (95.4 | ) |
(1) | Excludes borrowings of $25.0 million, $28.2 million and $278.7 million, as of December 31, 2009, December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011, respectively, under our inventory financing agreements. We do not include these borrowings in total debt because we have not in the past incurred, and in the future do not expect to incur, any interest expense or late fees under these agreements. For more information, see Description of Certain Indebtedness. |
(2) | For purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of earnings before income taxes minus income from equity investees plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expensed and the portion of rental expense we believe is representative of the interest component of rental expense. |
(a) | For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, earnings available for fixed charges were inadequate to cover fixed charges by $461.2 million and $37.0 million, respectively. |
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(3) | EBITDA is defined as consolidated net income (loss) before interest income (expense), income tax benefit (expense), depreciation, and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA, which is a measure defined in our Senior Credit Facilities, is calculated by adjusting EBITDA for certain items of income and expense including (but not limited to) the following: (a) non-cash equity-based compensation; (b) goodwill impairment charges; (c) sponsor fees; (d) certain consulting fees; (e) debt-related legal and accounting costs; (f) equity investment income and losses; (g) certain severance and retention costs; (h) gains and losses from the early extinguishment of debt; (i) gains and losses from asset dispositions outside the ordinary course of business; (j) Acquisition-related costs; (k) equity compensation payroll taxes; and (l) non-recurring, extraordinary or unusual gains or losses or expenses. |
We have included a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in the table below. Both EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a companys performance, financial position or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide helpful information with respect to our operating performance and cash flows including our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements. Adjusted EBITDA also provides helpful information as it is the primary measure used in certain financial covenants contained in our Senior Credit Facilities.
The following unaudited table sets forth reconciliations of net income (loss) to EBITDA and EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (373.4 | ) | $ | (29.2 | ) | $ | 17.1 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization |
218.2 | 209.4 | 204.9 | |||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense |
(87.8 | ) | (7.8 | ) | 11.2 | |||||||
Interest expense, net |
431.7 | 391.9 | 324.2 | |||||||||
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EBITDA |
188.7 | 564.3 | 557.4 | |||||||||
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Non-cash equity-based compensation |
15.9 | 11.5 | 19.5 | |||||||||
Sponsor fees |
5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |||||||||
Consulting and debt-related professional fees |
14.1 | 15.1 | 5.1 | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
241.8 | | | |||||||||
Net (gain) loss on extinguishments of long-term debt |
| (2.0 | ) | 118.9 | ||||||||
Other adjustments(i) |
(0.1 | ) | 7.9 | 11.4 | ||||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 465.4 | $ | 601.8 | $ | 717.3 | ||||||
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(i) | Other adjustments include certain severance and retention costs, equity investment income and the gain related to the sale of Informacast software and equipment in 2009. |
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The following unaudited table sets forth a reconciliation of EBITDA to net cash provided by operating activities for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||
EBITDA |
$ | 188.7 | $ | 564.3 | $ | 557.4 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(218.2 | ) | (209.4 | ) | (204.9 | ) | ||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
87.8 | 7.8 | (11.2 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(431.7 | ) | (391.9 | ) | (324.2 | ) | ||||||
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Net (loss) income |
(373.4 | ) | (29.2 | ) | 17.1 | |||||||
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Depreciation and amortization |
218.2 | 209.4 | 204.9 | |||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
241.8 | | | |||||||||
Equity-based compensation expense |
15.9 | 11.5 | 19.5 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs |
16.2 | 18.0 | 15.7 | |||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(0.2 | ) | (1.3 | ) | 0.4 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(94.4 | ) | (4.3 | ) | (10.2 | ) | ||||||
Realized loss on interest rate swap agreements |
103.2 | 51.5 | 2.8 | |||||||||
Mark to market loss on interest rate derivatives |
| 4.7 | 4.2 | |||||||||
Net (gain) loss on extinguishment of long-term debt |
| (2.0 | ) | 118.9 | ||||||||
Net (gain) loss on sale and disposals of assets |
(1.7 | ) | 0.7 | 0.3 | ||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities |
(18.0 | ) | 165.3 | (158.3 | ) | |||||||
Other |
| (0.6 | ) | (0.6 | ) | |||||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities (4) |
$ | 107.6 | $ | 423.7 | $ | 214.7 | ||||||
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(4) | Amounts have been revised. For further information and a summary of the revisions for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, see Notes 1 and 20 to the Audited Financial Statements included in this prospectus. |
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You should carefully consider each of the following risk factors and all of the other information set forth in this prospectus prior to participating in the Exchange Offer. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. They are not, however, the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe not to be material may also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. If that were to occur, the trading price of the notes would likely decline and we may not be able to make payments of interest and principal on the notes, and you may lose all or part of your original investment.
Risks Relating to the Exchange Offer
Your Outstanding Notes will not be accepted for exchange if you fail to follow the exchange offer procedures and, as a result, your Outstanding Notes will continue to be subject to existing transfer restrictions and you may not be able to sell your Outstanding Notes.
We will not accept your Outstanding Notes for exchange if you do not follow the proper exchange offer procedures. We will issue Exchange Notes as part of the Exchange Offer only after a timely receipt of your Outstanding Notes, a properly completed and duly executed letter of transmittal and all other required documents. Therefore, if you want to tender your Outstanding Notes, please allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery. If we do not receive your Outstanding Notes, letter of transmittal and other required documents by the expiration date of the Exchange Offer, we will not accept your Outstanding Notes for exchange. We are under no duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to the tenders of Outstanding Notes for exchange. If there are defects or irregularities with respect to your tender of Outstanding Notes, we may not accept your Outstanding Notes for exchange. Any holder of Outstanding Notes who tenders in the Exchange Offer for the purpose of participating in a distribution of the Exchange Notes may be deemed to have received restricted securities, and if so, will be required to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale transaction. For more information, see Exchange OfferProcedures for Tendering.
If you do not exchange your Outstanding Notes, your Outstanding Notes will continue to be subject to the existing transfer restrictions and you may not be able to sell your Outstanding Notes.
We did not register the Outstanding Notes, nor do we intend to do so following the Exchange Offer, except in the case of Outstanding Notes held by any of our affiliates. Outstanding Notes that are not tendered will therefore continue to be subject to the existing transfer restrictions and may be transferred only in limited circumstances under the securities laws. If you do not exchange your Outstanding Notes, you will lose your right to have your Outstanding Notes exchanged for Exchange Notes registered under the federal securities laws. As a result, if you hold Outstanding Notes after the Exchange Offer, you may not be able to sell your Outstanding Notes.
Risks Relating to the Exchange Notes
Our substantial indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our business and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the notes.
We are a highly leveraged company, and our substantial level of indebtedness increases the risk that we may be unable to generate sufficient cash to pay amounts due in respect of our indebtedness. As of December 31, 2011, after giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, we would have had $4.1 billion of total long-term debt outstanding, as defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), and $278.7 million of obligations outstanding under our inventory financing agreements and the ability to borrow an additional $679.3 million under our ABL Facility. Subject to the limits contained in our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures, we may be able to incur additional debt from time to time, including drawing on our ABL Facility, to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our business associated with our high level of debt could intensify. Specifically, our high level of debt could have important consequences to the holders of the notes, including the following:
| making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the notes and our other debt; |
| requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to debt service payments on our and our subsidiaries debt, which reduces the funds available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; |
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| requiring us to comply with restrictive covenants in our Senior Credit Facilities and Indentures, which limit the manner in which we conduct our business; |
| making it more difficult for us to obtain vendor financing from our vendor partners; |
| limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the industry in which we operate; |
| placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to any of our less leveraged competitors; |
| increasing our vulnerability to both general and industry-specific adverse economic conditions; and |
| limiting our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements and increasing our cost of borrowing. |
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, including the notes, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2011, we had $4.1 billion of total long-term debt outstanding. Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. Our outstanding long-term debt will impose significant cash interest payment obligations on us in 2012 and subsequent years and, accordingly, we will have to generate significant cash flow from operating activities to fund our debt service obligations. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets or operations, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness, including the notes. We cannot assure you that we would be able to take any of these actions, that these actions would be successful and permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations or that these actions would be permitted under the terms of our existing or future debt agreements, including the Senior Credit Facilities or the Indentures. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. The Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from the disposition. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds which we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. See Description of Certain Indebtedness and Description of Exchange Notes.
If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and, as a result:
| our debt holders could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable; |
| the lenders under our Senior Credit Facilities could terminate their commitments to lend us money and foreclose against the assets securing our borrowings from them; and |
| we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation, which could result in holders of notes losing their investment in the notes. |
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Despite our indebtedness levels, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt, including secured debt. This could further increase the risks associated with our leverage.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. The terms of our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures do not fully prohibit us or our subsidiaries from doing so. To the extent that we incur additional indebtedness or such other obligations, the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness described above, including our possible inability to service our debt, will increase. As of December 31, 2011, after giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, we would have had approximately $679.3 million available for additional borrowing under our ABL Facility after taking into account borrowing base limitations (net of $1.7 million of issued and undrawn letters of credit and $219.0 million of reserves related to our floorplan sub-facility). See Description of Certain Indebtedness.
Restrictive covenants under our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures may adversely affect our operations and liquidity.
Our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures contain, and any future indebtedness of ours may contain, various covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:
| incur or guarantee additional debt; |
| incur debt that is junior to senior indebtedness and senior to our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes; |
| pay dividends or make distributions to holders of our capital stock or to make certain other restricted payments or investments; |
| repurchase or redeem capital stock; |
| make loans, capital expenditures or investments or acquisitions; |
| incur restrictions on the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments to us; |
| enter into transactions with affiliates; |
| create liens; |
| merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of our assets; |
| transfer or sell assets, including capital stock of subsidiaries; and |
| prepay, redeem or repurchase debt that is junior in right of payment to the notes. |
As a result of these covenants, we are limited in the manner in which we conduct our business and we may be unable to engage in favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs. In addition, the restrictive covenants in our Term Loan Facility require us to maintain a specified senior secured leverage ratio. A breach of any of these covenants or any of the other restrictive covenants would result in a default under our Senior Credit Facilities. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under our Senior Credit Facilities, the lenders:
| will not be required to lend any additional amounts to us; |
| could elect to declare all borrowings outstanding thereunder, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be due and payable; |
| could require us to apply all of our available cash to repay these borrowings; or |
| could prevent us from making payments on our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes; |
| any of which could result in an event of default under the notes. |
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If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under our Senior Credit Facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure our borrowings thereunder. We have pledged a significant portion of our assets as collateral under our Senior Credit Facilities and our Senior Secured Notes. If the lenders under our Senior Credit Facilities or our Senior Secured Notes accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient assets to repay our Senior Credit Facilities and our other indebtedness, including the notes, or borrow sufficient funds to refinance such indebtedness. Even if we were able to obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms, or terms that are acceptable to us. See Description of Certain Indebtedness.
In addition, under our ABL Facility we are permitted to borrow an aggregate amount of up to $900 million; however, our ability to borrow thereunder is limited by a borrowing base, which at any time will equal the sum of up to 85% of our and our subsidiary guarantors eligible accounts receivable (net of accounts reserves) (up to 30% of such eligible accounts receivable which can consist of federal government accounts receivable) plus the lesser of (i) 70% of our and our subsidiary guarantors eligible inventory (valued at cost and net of inventory reserves) and (ii) the product of 85% multiplied by the net orderly liquidation value percentage multiplied by eligible inventory (valued at cost and net of inventory reserves), less reserves (other than accounts reserves and inventory reserves).
After giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, our borrowing base in effect as of December 31, 2011 would have been $1,072.1 million. Our ability to borrow under this facility is limited by a minimum liquidity condition, which provides that, if excess availability is less than the lesser of (i) $90 million or (ii) the greater of (A) ten percent (10%) of the borrowing base or (B) $60 million for more than five business days, the lenders are not required to lend any additional amounts under the ABL Facility (i) unless our pro forma consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the credit agreement for our ABL Facility) is at least 1.0 to 1.0 or (ii) until the availability exceeds the lesser of (i) $90 million or (ii) the greater of (A) ten percent (10%) of the borrowing base or (B) $60 million for 30 consecutive business days. Moreover, our ABL Facility provides discretion to the agent bank acting on behalf of the lenders to impose additional availability reserves, which could materially impair the amount of borrowings that would otherwise be available to us. We cannot assure you that the agent bank will not impose such reserves or, were it to do so, that the resulting impact of this action would not materially and adversely impair our liquidity.
The Exchange Notes will be unsecured and will be effectively subordinated to our and the Guarantors secured debt and indebtedness of non-guarantor subsidiaries.
Our obligations under the Exchange Notes and the Guarantors obligations under the guarantees of the Exchange Notes will not be secured by any of our or our subsidiaries assets. Borrowings under our ABL Facility, our Term Loan Facility and our Senior Secured Notes are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets and the assets of the Guarantors. In addition, the Indentures permit us and our subsidiaries to incur additional secured debt. As a result, the Exchange Notes and the guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all of our and the Guarantors secured debt and other obligations to the extent of the value of the assets securing such obligations. As of December 31, 2011, after giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, we would have had $2,040.5 million of secured debt outstanding under our ABL Facility after taking into account borrowing base limitations (net of $1.7 million of issued and undrawn letters of credit and $219.0 million of reserves related to our floorplan sub-facility), our Term Loan Facility and our Senior Secured Notes, and an additional $679.3 million of availability under our ABL Facility. If we and the Guarantors were to become insolvent or otherwise fail to make payments on the notes, holders of our and the Guarantors secured obligations would be paid first and would receive payments from the assets securing such obligations before the holders of the Exchange Notes would receive any payments. You may therefore not be fully repaid in the event we become insolvent or otherwise fail to make payments on the notes.
The Exchange Notes may not be guaranteed by all of our subsidiaries. For example, our immaterial subsidiaries are not required to guarantee the Exchange Notes. Accordingly, claims of holders of the Exchange Notes will be structurally subordinate to the claims of creditors of these non-guarantor subsidiaries, including trade creditors. All obligations of our non-guarantor subsidiaries will have to be satisfied before any of the assets of such subsidiaries would be available for distribution, upon a liquidation or otherwise, to us or a Guarantor of the Exchange Notes.
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Variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Certain of our borrowings, primarily borrowings under our Senior Credit Facilities, are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2011, after giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, we would have had $1,540.5 million of variable rate debt outstanding. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income would decrease. Although we have entered into interest rate cap agreements on our Term Loan Facility to reduce interest rate volatility, we cannot assure you we will be able to do so in the future on acceptable terms or that such caps or the caps we have in place now will be effective.
The notes are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness of our existing or future subsidiaries that are not or do not become Guarantors of the notes.
Holders of the notes do not have any claim as a creditor against any of our existing subsidiaries that are not Guarantors of the notes or against any of our future subsidiaries that do not become Guarantors of the notes. Indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables of those subsidiaries, are structurally senior to claims of holders of the notes against those subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2011, our non-guarantor subsidiary had approximately $33.2 million of total liabilities, all of which were effectively senior to the notes.
The notes are not guaranteed by our foreign subsidiary and will not be guaranteed by any future foreign subsidiaries. Our non-guarantor subsidiary is a separate and distinct legal entity and has no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due under the notes, or to make any funds available therefor, whether by dividends, loans, distributions or other payments.
In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up of this non-guarantor subsidiary or any future subsidiary that is not a Guarantor of the notes, these non-guarantor subsidiaries will pay the holders of their debts, holders of preferred equity interests and their trade creditors before they will be able to distribute any of their assets to us (except to the extent we have a claim as a creditor of such non-guarantor subsidiary). Any right that we or the subsidiary Guarantors have to receive any assets of any non-guarantor subsidiaries upon the bankruptcy, liquidation, reorganization or other winding up of those subsidiaries, and the consequent rights of holders of notes to realize proceeds from the sale of any of those subsidiaries assets, will be effectively subordinated to the claims of those subsidiaries creditors, including trade creditors and holders of preferred equity interests of those subsidiaries.
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2011, our non-guarantor subsidiary represented approximately 1.9% of our total assets, less than 1% of our total liabilities, including trade payables, 4.0% of our net sales, 22.2% of our net income and 2.6% of our Adjusted EBITDA, respectively, in each case after intercompany eliminations. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure.
In addition, the Indentures, subject to some limitations, permit these subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and do not contain any limitation on the amount of certain other liabilities, such as trade payables, that may be incurred by these subsidiaries.
Our ability to service our debt and meet our cash requirements depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control.
Our ability to satisfy our obligations and meet our cash requirements for the foreseeable future will depend on our future operating performance and financial results, which will be subject, in part, to factors beyond our control, including interest rates and general economic, financial and business conditions. See Risk FactorsRisks Relating to our Business. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt, we may be required to:
| refinance all or a portion of our debt, including the notes; |
| obtain additional financing; |
| sell some of our assets or operations; |
| reduce or delay capital expenditures and/or acquisitions; or |
| revise or delay our strategic plan. |
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If we are required to take any of these actions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we cannot assure you that we would be able to take any of these actions, that these actions would enable us to continue to satisfy our capital requirements or that these actions would be permitted under the terms of our various debt instruments, including our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures. In addition, our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures restrict our ability to sell assets and to use the proceeds from the sales. We may not be able to sell assets quickly enough or for sufficient amounts to enable us to meet our obligations, including our obligations on the notes. Furthermore, the Equity Sponsors have no obligation to provide us with debt or equity financing. Therefore, it may be difficult for us to make required payments on the notes in the event of an acceleration of the maturity of the notes.
Our ability to make payments on the notes depends on our ability to receive dividends and other distributions from our subsidiaries.
Our principal assets are the equity interests that we hold in our operating subsidiaries. As a result, we are dependent on dividends and other distributions from our subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet our financial obligations, including the payment of principal and interest on our outstanding debt. Our subsidiaries may not generate sufficient cash from operations to enable us to make principal and interest payments on our indebtedness, including the notes. In addition, any payment of dividends, distributions, loans or advances to us by our subsidiaries could be subject to restrictions on dividends or, in the case of foreign subsidiaries, restrictions on repatriation of earnings under applicable local law and monetary transfer restrictions in the jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries operate. In addition, payments to us by our subsidiaries will be contingent upon our subsidiaries earnings. Our subsidiaries are permitted under the terms of our indebtedness, including the Indentures, to incur additional indebtedness that may restrict payments from those subsidiaries to us. We cannot assure you that agreements governing current and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries will permit those subsidiaries to provide us with sufficient cash to fund payments on the notes when due.
Our subsidiaries are legally distinct from us and, except for our existing and future subsidiaries that will be Guarantors of the notes, have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay amounts due on our debt or to make funds available to us for such payment.
If we default on our obligations to pay our indebtedness, we may not be able to make payments on the notes.
Any default under the agreements governing our indebtedness, including a default under our Senior Credit Facilities that is not waived by the required lenders, and the remedies sought by the holders of such indebtedness, could make us unable to pay principal, premium, if any, and interest on the notes and substantially decrease the value of the notes. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow and are otherwise unable to obtain funds necessary to meet required payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness, or if we otherwise fail to comply with the various covenants, including financial and operating covenants, in the instruments governing our indebtedness (including covenants in the Indentures and our Senior Credit Facilities), we could be in default under the terms of the agreements governing such indebtedness, including our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures. In the event of such default, the holders of such indebtedness could elect to declare all the funds borrowed thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest, the lenders under our Senior Credit Facilities could elect to terminate their commitments thereunder and cease making further loans and lenders under our Senior Credit Facilities and holders of our Senior Secured Notes could institute foreclosure proceedings against our assets and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. If our operating performance declines, we may in the future need to obtain waivers from the required lenders under our Senior Credit Facilities to avoid being in default. If we breach our covenants under our Senior Credit Facilities and seek a waiver, we may not be able to obtain a waiver from the required lenders. If this occurs, we would be in default under our Senior Credit Facilities, the lenders could exercise their rights, as described above, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. See Description of Certain Indebtedness and Description of Exchange Notes.
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We may be unable to purchase the notes upon a change of control which would result in a default in the Indentures and would adversely affect our business.
Upon a change of control, as defined in the Indentures, we are required to offer to purchase all of the notes then outstanding for cash at 101% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest. If a change of control occurs under the Indentures, we may not have sufficient funds to pay the change of control purchase price, and we may be required to secure third party financing to do so. We may not be able to obtain this financing on commercially reasonable terms, or on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Further, we may be contractually restricted under the terms of our Senior Credit Facilities from repurchasing all of the notes tendered by holders of the notes upon a change of control. Accordingly, we may not be able to satisfy our obligations to purchase the notes unless we are able to refinance or obtain waivers under our Senior Credit Facilities. Our failure to repurchase the notes upon a change of control would cause a default under the Indentures and a cross-default under the Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures. Our Senior Credit Facilities and the Indentures also provide that a change of control, as defined in such agreements, will be a default that permits lenders to accelerate the maturity of borrowings thereunder and, in the case of our Senior Credit Facilities and our Senior Secured Exchange Notes, if such debt is not paid, to enforce security interests in the collateral securing such debt, thereby limiting our ability to raise cash to purchase the notes.
The change of control provisions in the Indentures may not protect holders of the notes in the event we consummate a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, restructuring, merger or other similar transaction, unless such transaction constitutes a change of control under the Indentures. Such a transaction may not involve a change in voting power or beneficial ownership or, even if it does, may not involve a change in the magnitude required under the definition of change of control in the Indentures to trigger our obligation to repurchase the notes. Except as otherwise described above, the Indentures do not contain provisions that permit the holders of the notes to require us to repurchase or redeem the notes in the event of a takeover, recapitalization or similar transaction. If an event occurs that does not constitute a Change of Control as defined in the Indentures, we will not be required to make an offer to repurchase the notes and holders may be required to continue to hold notes despite the event. See Description of Certain Indebtedness and Description of Exchange NotesRepurchase at the Option of Holders.
Federal and state statutes allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void notes and adversely affect the validity and enforceability of the guarantees and require noteholders to return payments received.
The issuance of, and payments made under, the notes and the guarantees may be subject to review under federal and state fraudulent transfer and conveyance statutes. While the relevant laws may vary from state to state, generally under such laws the incurrence of an obligation (such as under the notes or guarantees) or the making of a payment or other transfer will be a fraudulent conveyance if (1) we or any of our Guarantors, as applicable, incurred such obligation or made such payment with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or (2) we or any of our Guarantors, as applicable, received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for incurring such obligation or making such payment and, in the case of (2) only, one of the following is also true:
| we or the applicable Guarantor were insolvent at the time of or rendered insolvent by reason of the incurrence of the obligation or the making of such payment; or |
| the incurrence of the obligation or the making of such payment of the consideration left us or the applicable Guarantor with an unreasonably small amount of capital to carry on our or its business; or |
| we or the applicable Guarantor intended to, or believed that we or it would, incur debts beyond our or its ability to pay them as they mature. |
If a court were to find that the issuance of the notes or guarantees, or a payment made under the notes or guarantees, was a fraudulent conveyance, the court could void the payment obligations under the notes or such guarantees or subordinate the notes or such guarantees to presently existing and future indebtedness of ours or any such Guarantor, and require the holders of the notes to repay particular amounts or any amounts received with respect to the notes or such guarantees. In the event of a finding that a fraudulent conveyance occurred, you may not receive any repayment on the notes. Further, the voiding of the notes or the guarantees could result in an event of default with respect to our other debt and that of our Guarantors that could result in acceleration of such debt.
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The measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer laws will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer has occurred. In general, however, a court would consider an issuer or a Guarantor insolvent if:
| the sum of its debts, including contingent and unliquidated liabilities, was greater than all of its property, at a fair valuation; |
| the present fair saleable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent unliquidated liabilities, as they become absolute and matured; or |
| it could not pay its debts as they became due. |
We cannot be certain as to the standards a court would use to determine whether or not we or the Guarantors were solvent at the relevant time, or regardless of the standard that a court uses, that the notes and the guarantees would not be subordinated to our or any Guarantors other debt.
If the guarantees were legally challenged, any guarantee could also be subject to the claim that, since the guarantee was incurred for our benefit, and only indirectly for the benefit of the Guarantor, the obligations of the applicable Guarantor were incurred for less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration. A court could thus void the obligations under the guarantees, subordinate them to the applicable Guarantors other debt or take other action detrimental to the holders of the notes.
Each guarantee contains a provision intended to limit the Guarantors liability to the maximum amount that it could incur without causing the incurrence of obligations under its guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect the guarantees from being voided under fraudulent transfer law, or may reduce or eliminate the Guarantors obligation to an amount that effectively makes the guarantee worthless. A recent Florida bankruptcy court decision found that this kind of provision was ineffective to protect the guarantees.
We are controlled by the Equity Sponsors who will be able to make important decisions about our business and capital structure; their interests may differ from the interests of noteholders.
Substantially all of the common stock of Parent is held indirectly by investment funds affiliated with, or co-investment vehicles controlled by, the Equity Sponsors. As a result, the Equity Sponsors control us and have the power to elect all of the members of Parents board of directors and approve any action requiring the approval of the holders of Parents stock, including approving acquisitions or sales of all or substantially all of our assets. The directors appointed by the Equity Sponsors have the ability to control decisions affecting our capital structure, including the issuance of additional debt and capital stock, the declaration of dividends, and to appoint new management. The interests of the Equity Sponsors and our other equity holders may not be aligned with those of the holders of the notes. If we encounter financial difficulties, or we are unable to pay our debts as they mature, the interests of the Equity Sponsors and our other equity holders might conflict with those of the holders of the notes. In that situation, for example, the holders of the notes might want us to raise additional equity from the Equity Sponsors or other investors to reduce our leverage and pay our debts, while the Equity Sponsors might not want to increase their investment in us or have their ownership diluted and instead choose to take other actions, such as selling our assets. The Equity Sponsors may have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures, financings or other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance their equity investments, even though such transactions might involve risks to you as a holder of the notes. Additionally, the Equity Sponsors are in the business of investing in companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. The Equity Sponsors may also separately pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Since our equity securities, which are not registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), are not listed on any U.S. securities exchange, we are not subject to any of the corporate governance requirements of any U.S. securities exchange.
The trading prices for the notes will be directly affected by many factors, including our credit rating.
Credit rating agencies continually revise their ratings for companies they follow or discontinue rating companies, including us. Any ratings downgrade or decisions by a credit rating agency to discontinue rating us could adversely affect the trading price of the notes, or the trading market for the notes, to the extent a trading market for the notes develops. The condition of the financial and credit markets and prevailing interest rates have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future and any fluctuation may impact the trading price of the notes.
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Risks Relating to our Business
General economic conditions could negatively affect technology spending by our customers and put downward pressure on prices, which may have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
Weak economic conditions generally, sustained uncertainty about global economic conditions or a prolonged or further tightening of credit markets could cause our customers and potential customers to postpone or reduce spending on technology products or services or put downward pressure on prices, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows. For example, during the economic downturn at the end of 2008 and in 2009, due to a number of factors, including declines in the availability of credit, weakening consumer and business confidence and increased unemployment, we experienced significantly reduced revenue and gross margins when our customers and potential customers reduced their spending on technology and put downward pressure on prices.
Our financial performance could be adversely affected by decreases in spending on technology products and services by our Public segment customers.
Our sales to our Public segment customers are impacted by government spending policies, budget priorities and revenue levels. Although our sales to the federal government are diversified across multiple agencies and departments, they collectively accounted for approximately 10% of 2011 net sales. An adverse change in government spending policies, budget priorities or revenue levels could cause our Public segment customers to reduce their purchases or to terminate or not renew their contracts with us, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
Our business depends on our vendor partner relationships and the availability of their products.
We purchase products for resale from vendor partners, which include OEMs and software publishers, and wholesale distributors. For the year ended December 31, 2011, we purchased approximately 52% of the products we sold directly from vendor partners and the remaining amount from wholesale distributors. We are authorized by vendor partners to sell all or some of their products via direct marketing activities. Our authorization with each vendor partner is subject to specific terms and conditions regarding such things as sales channel restrictions, product return privileges, price protection policies, purchase discounts and vendor partner programs and funding, including purchase rebates, sales volume rebates, purchasing incentives and cooperative advertising reimbursements. However, we do not have any long-term contracts with our vendor partners and many of these arrangements are terminable upon notice by either party. A reduction in vendor partner programs or funding or our failure to timely react to changes in vendor partner programs or funding could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, a reduction in the amount of credit granted to us by our vendor partners could increase our need for, and the cost of, working capital and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
From time to time, vendor partners may terminate or limit our right to sell some or all of their products or change the terms and conditions or reduce or discontinue the incentives that they offer us. For example, there is no assurance that, as our vendor partners continue to sell directly to end users and through resellers, they will not limit or curtail the availability of their products to resellers like us. Any such termination or limitation or the implementation of such changes could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
Although we purchase from a diverse vendor base, in 2011, products we purchased from distributors Ingram Micro, Tech Data and SYNNEX represented 11%, 10% and 9%, respectively, of our total purchases. In addition, sales of Apple, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Lenovo and Microsoft products comprise a substantial portion of our sales, representing approximately 53% of net sales in 2011. Sales of products manufactured by Hewlett-Packard represented approximately 24% of our 2011 net sales. The loss of, or change in business relationship with, any of these or any other key vendor partners, the diminished availability of their products, or backlogs for their products leading to manufacturer allocation, could reduce the supply and increase the cost of products we sell and negatively impact our competitive position. Additionally, the relocation of key distributors utilized in our purchasing model could increase
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our need for, and the cost of, working capital and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows. Further, the sale, spin-off or combination of any of our vendor partners and/or certain of their business units, including any such sale to or combination with a vendor with whom we do not currently have a commercial relationship or whose products we do not sell, could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
Our sales are dependent on continued innovations in hardware, software and services offerings by our vendor partners and the competitiveness of their offerings.
The technology industry is characterized by rapid innovation and the frequent introduction of new and enhanced hardware, software and services offerings. We have been and will continue to be dependent on innovations in hardware, software and services offerings, as well as the acceptance of those innovations by customers. A decrease in the rate of innovation, or the lack of acceptance of innovations by customers, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
In addition, if we are unable to keep up with changes in technology and new hardware, software and services offerings, for example by providing the appropriate training to our account managers, sales technology specialists and engineers to enable them to effectively sell such new offerings to customers, our business, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.
We also are dependent upon our vendor partners for the development and marketing of hardware, software and services to compete effectively with hardware, software and services of vendors whose products and services we do not currently offer or that we are not authorized to offer in one or more customer channels. To the extent that a vendors offering that is highly in demand is not available to us for resale in one or more customer channels, and there is not a competitive offering from another vendor that we are authorized to sell in such customer channels, our business, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely impacted.
Substantial competition could reduce our market share and significantly harm our financial performance.
Our current competition includes:
| direct marketers such as Insight Enterprises, PC Connection, PC Mall, Softchoice and GTSI; |
| value-added resellers, including larger ones such as Logicalis, Agilysis, Sirius and many regional and local value-added resellers; |
| manufacturers, such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Apple, who sell directly to customers; |
| e-tailers, such as Tiger Direct, Buy.com, Amazon and Newegg; |
| large service providers and system integrators, such as IBM, Accenture, Hewlett-Packard and Dell; and |
| retailers, such as Best Buy, Office Depot, Office Max, Staples, Wal-Mart, Sams Club and Costco. |
We expect the competitive landscape in which we compete to continue to change as new technologies are developed. While innovation can help our business as it creates new offerings for us to sell, it can also disrupt our business model and create new and stronger competitors.
Some of our hardware and software vendor partners sell, and could intensify their efforts to sell, their products directly to our customers. In addition, traditional OEMs are increasing their services capabilities through mergers and acquisitions with service providers, which could potentially increase competition in the market to provide comprehensive technology solutions to customers. Moreover, newer, potentially disruptive technologies exist and are being developed that deliver technology solutions as a service, for example, software as a service (SaaS) and hardware as a service (HaaS). These technologies could increase the amount of sales directly to customers rather than through resellers like us, or could lead to a reduction in our profitability. If any of these trends becomes more prevalent, it could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
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We focus on offering a high level of service to gain new customers and retain existing customers. To the extent we face increased competition to gain and retain customers, we may be required to reduce prices, increase advertising expenditures or take other actions which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows. Additionally, some of our competitors may reduce their prices in an attempt to stimulate sales, which may require us to reduce prices. This would require us to sell a greater number of products to achieve the same level of net sales and gross profit. If such a reduction in prices occurs and we are unable to attract new customers and sell increased quantities of products, our sales growth and profitability could be adversely affected.
The success of our business depends on the continuing development, maintenance and operation of our information technology systems.
Our success is dependent on the accuracy, proper utilization and continuing development of our information technology systems, including our business systems, Web servers and voice and data networks. The quality and our utilization of the information generated by our information technology systems, and our success in implementing new systems and upgrades, affects, among other things, our ability to:
| conduct business with our customers; |
| manage our inventory and accounts receivable; |
| purchase, sell, ship and invoice our hardware and software products and provide and invoice our services efficiently and on a timely basis; and |
| maintain our cost-efficient operating model. |
The integrity of our information technology systems is vulnerable to disruption due to forces beyond our control. While we have taken steps to protect our information technology systems from a variety of threats, including computer viruses and malicious hackers, there can be no guarantee that those steps will be effective. Furthermore, although we have redundant systems at a separate location to back up our primary systems, there can be no assurance that these redundant systems will operate properly if and when required. Any disruption to or infiltration of our information technology systems could significantly harm our business and results of operations.
Breaches of data security could impact our business.
Our business involves the storage and transmission of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of coworkers, customers and others. In addition, we operate three customer data centers which may store and transmit both business-critical data and confidential information of our customers. In connection with our services business, our coworkers also have access to our customers confidential data and other information. We have privacy and data security policies in place that are designed to prevent security breaches; however, breaches in security could expose us, our customers or other individuals to a risk of public disclosure, loss or misuse of this information, resulting in legal claims or proceedings, liability or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, as well as the loss of existing or potential customers and damage to our brand and reputation. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant. Such breaches, costs and consequences could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
The failure to comply with our Public segment contracts or applicable laws and regulations could result in, among other things, fines or other liabilities, and changes in procurement regulations could adversely impact our business, results of operations or cash flows.
Revenues from our Public segment customers are derived from sales to governmental departments and agencies, educational institutions and healthcare customers, through various contracts and open market sales. Sales to Public segment customers are highly regulated. Noncompliance with contract provisions, government procurement regulations or other applicable laws or regulations (including but not limited to the False Claims Act and the Medicare and Medicaid Anti-Kickback Statute) could result in civil, criminal and administrative liability, including substantial monetary fines or damages, termination of government contracts or other Public segment customer contracts, and suspension, debarment or ineligibility from doing business with the government and other customers in the Public
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segment. In addition, generally contracts in the Public segment are terminable at any time for convenience of the contracting agency or group purchasing organization or upon default. The effect of any of these possible actions could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, the adoption of new or modified procurement regulations and other requirements may increase our compliance costs and reduce our gross margins, which could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
If we fail to provide high-quality services to our customers, or if our third-party service providers fail to provide high-quality services to our customers, our reputation, business, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.
Our service offerings include field services, managed services, warranties, configuration services and partner services. Additionally, we deliver and manage mission critical software, systems and network solutions for our customers. Finally, we also offer certain services, such as implementation and installation services and repair services, to our customers through various third-party service providers engaged to perform these services on our behalf. If we or our third-party service providers fail to provide high quality services to our customers or such services result in a disruption of our customers businesses, our reputation with our customers and our business, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.
If we lose any of our key personnel, or are unable to attract and retain the talent required for our business, our business could be disrupted and our financial performance could suffer.
Our success is heavily dependent upon our ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel to manage and grow our business, including our key executive, management, sales, services and technical coworkers.
Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the efforts of Thomas E. Richards, our newly appointed Chief Executive Officer effective October 1, 2011, as well as the continued service and support of John A. Edwardson, our retired Chief Executive Officer who is expected to remain as Chairman of our Board through 2012, and our other executive officers. Our future success also will depend on our ability to retain our customer-facing coworkers, who have been given critical CDW knowledge regarding, and the opportunity to develop strong relationships with, many of our customers. In addition, as we seek to expand our offerings of value-added services and solutions, our success will even more heavily depend on attracting and retaining highly skilled technology specialists and engineers, for whom the market is extremely competitive.
Our inability to attract, develop and retain key personnel could have an adverse effect on our relationships with our vendor partners and customers and adversely affect our ability to expand our offerings of value-added services and solutions. Moreover, our inability to train our sales, services and technical personnel effectively to meet the rapidly changing technology needs of our customers could cause a decrease in the overall quality and efficiency of such personnel. Such consequences could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
The interruption of the flow of products from suppliers could disrupt our supply chain.
A significant portion of the products we sell are manufactured or purchased by our vendor partners outside of the U.S., primarily in Asia. Political, social or economic instability in Asia, or in other regions in which our vendor partners purchase or manufacture the products we sell, could cause disruptions in trade, including exports to the U.S. Other events that could also cause disruptions to our supply chain include:
| the imposition of additional trade law provisions or regulations; |
| the imposition of additional duties, tariffs and other charges on imports and exports; |
| foreign currency fluctuations; |
| natural disasters or other adverse occurrences at any of our suppliers facilities; |
| restrictions on the transfer of funds; |
| the financial instability or bankruptcy of manufacturers; and |
| significant labor disputes, such as strikes. |
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We cannot predict whether the countries in which the products we sell are purchased or manufactured, or may be purchased or manufactured in the future, will be subject to new or additional trade restrictions or sanctions imposed by the U.S. or foreign governments, including the likelihood, type or effect of any such restrictions. Trade restrictions, including new or increased tariffs or quotas, embargos, sanctions, safeguards and customs restrictions against the products we sell, as well as foreign labor strikes and work stoppages or boycotts, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of product available to us and adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
A natural disaster or other adverse occurrence at one of our primary facilities or customer data centers could damage our business.
Substantially all of our corporate, warehouse and distribution functions are located at our Vernon Hills, Illinois facilities and our second distribution center in North Las Vegas, Nevada. If the warehouse and distribution equipment at one of our distribution centers were to be seriously damaged by a natural disaster or other adverse occurrence, we could utilize the other distribution center or third-party distributors to ship products to our customers. However, this may not be sufficient to avoid interruptions in our service and may not enable us to meet all of the needs of our customers and would cause us to incur incremental operating costs. In addition, we operate three customer data centers and numerous sales offices which may contain both business-critical data and confidential information of our customers. A natural disaster or other adverse occurrence at any of the customer data centers or at any of our major sales offices could negatively impact our business, results of operations or cash flows.
We are heavily dependent on commercial delivery services.
We generally ship hardware products to our customers by FedEx, United Parcel Service and other commercial delivery services and invoice customers for delivery charges. If we are unable to pass on to our customers future increases in the cost of commercial delivery services, our profitability could be adversely affected. Additionally, strikes or other service interruptions by such shippers could adversely affect our ability to deliver products on a timely basis.
We are exposed to accounts receivable and inventory risks.
We extend credit to our customers for a significant portion of our net sales, typically on 30-day payment terms. We are subject to the risk that our customers may not pay for the products they have purchased, or may pay at a slower rate than we have historically experienced, the risk of which is heightened during periods of economic downturn or, in the case of Public segment customers, during periods of budget constraints.
We are also exposed to inventory risks as a result of the rapid technological changes that affect the market and pricing for the products we sell. We seek to minimize our inventory exposure through a variety of inventory management procedures and policies, including our rapid-turn inventory model, as well as vendor price protection and product return programs. However, if we were unable to maintain our rapid-turn inventory model, if there were unforeseen product developments that created more rapid obsolescence or if our vendor partners were to change their terms and conditions, our inventory risks could increase. We also periodically take advantage of cost savings associated with certain opportunistic bulk inventory purchases offered by our vendor partners or we may decide to carry high inventory levels of certain products that have limited or no return privileges due to customer demand. These bulk purchases could increase our exposure to inventory obsolescence.
We could be exposed to additional risks if we make acquisitions or enter into alliances.
We may pursue transactions, including acquisitions or alliances, in an effort to extend or complement our existing business. These types of transactions involve numerous risks, including finding suitable transaction partners and negotiating terms that are acceptable to us, the diversion of managements attention from other business concerns, extending our product or service offerings into areas in which we have limited experience, entering into new geographic markets, the potential loss of key coworkers or business relationships and successfully integrating acquired businesses, any of which could adversely affect our operations.
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Our future operating results may fluctuate significantly.
We may experience significant variations in our future quarterly results of operations. These fluctuations may result from many factors, including the condition of the technology industry in general, shifts in demand and pricing for hardware, software and services and the introduction of new products or upgrades.
Our operating results are also highly dependent on our level of gross profit as a percentage of net sales. Our gross profit percentage fluctuates due to numerous factors, some of which may be outside of our control, including pricing pressures; changes in product costs from our vendor partners; the availability of price protection, purchase discounts and incentive programs from our vendor partners; changes in product, order size and customer mix; the risk of some items in our inventory becoming obsolete; increases in delivery costs that we cannot pass on to customers; and general market and competitive conditions.
In addition, our cost structure is based, in part, on anticipated sales and gross margins. Therefore, we may not be able to adjust our cost structure quickly enough to compensate for any unexpected sales or gross margin shortfall, and any such inability could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or cash flows.
We are exposed to risks from legal proceedings and audits.
We are party to various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, which include commercial, employment, tort and other litigation.
We are subject to intellectual property infringement claims against us in the ordinary course of our business, either because of the over 100,000 products we sell or the business systems we use to sell such products, in the form of cease-and-desist letters, licensing inquiries, lawsuits and other communications and demands. In our industry, such intellectual property claims have become more frequent as the complexity of technological products and the intensity of competition in our industry have increased. Increasingly, many of these assertions are brought by non-practicing entities whose principal business model is to secure patent licensing revenue.
Because of our significant sales to governmental entities, we also are subject to audits by federal, state and local authorities. We also are subject to audits by various vendor partners and large customers, including government agencies, relating to purchases and sales under various contracts. In addition, we are subject to indemnification claims under various contracts.
Current and future litigation, infringement claims, governmental proceedings, audits or indemnification claims that we face may result in substantial costs and expenses and significantly divert the attention of our management regardless of the outcome. In addition, current and future litigation, infringement claims, governmental proceedings, audits or indemnification claims could lead to increased costs or interruptions of our normal business operations. Litigation, infringement claims, governmental proceedings, audits or indemnification claims involve uncertainties and the eventual outcome of any litigation, infringement claim, governmental proceeding, audit or indemnification claim could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
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This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. These statements relate to analyses and other information, which are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies.
These forward-looking statements are identified by the use of terms and phrases such as anticipate, believe, could, estimate, expect, intend, may, plan, predict, project, will and similar terms and phrases, including references to assumptions. However, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These statements are contained in many sections of this prospectus, including those entitled Summary, Business and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that we will achieve those plans, intentions or expectations. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, or cautionary statements, are disclosed under the sections entitled Risk Factors and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this prospectus. All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this prospectus under the heading Risk Factors, as well as other cautionary statements that are made from time to time in our other SEC filings and public communications. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this prospectus in the context of these risks and uncertainties.
We caution you that the important factors referenced above may not contain all of the factors that are important to you. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will realize the results or developments we expect or anticipate or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect us or our operations in the way we expect. The forward-looking statements included in this prospectus are made only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.
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Purpose and Effect of the Exchange Offer
We and the Guarantors entered into a registration rights agreement in connection with the issuance of the February 2012 Senior Notes on February 17, 2012 (the Registration Rights Agreement). Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have agreed that we will:
| use our commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC and cause to become effective a registration statement relating to offer to exchange the Outstanding Notes for an issue of SEC-registered notes with terms identical to the Outstanding Notes (except that the Exchange Notes will not be subject to restrictions on transfer or to any increase in annual interest rate as described below); |
| keep the Exchange Offer open for at least 20 business days after the date we mail notice of the Exchange Offer to holders; and |
| file and use our reasonable best efforts to cause to become effective a shelf registration statement for the resale of Outstanding Notes in certain circumstances. |
We will pay additional interest on the Outstanding Notes for the periods described below if the Exchange Offer with respect to such February 2012 Senior Notes is not completed on or before December 13, 2012. Where there is a registration default, the annual interest rate borne by the Outstanding Notes will be increased by 0.25% per annum for the first 90-day period immediately following such date and by a maximum increase of 0.50% per annum thereafter until the Exchange Offer are completed or the shelf registration statement is declared effective.
Terms of the Exchange Offer
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal, we will accept any and all Outstanding Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the Exchange Offer. We will issue $1,000 principal amount of Exchange Notes in exchange for each $1,000 principal amount of Outstanding Notes accepted in the Exchange Offer. Any holder may tender some or all of its Outstanding Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer. However, Outstanding Notes may be tendered only in integral multiples of $1,000.
The form and terms of the Exchange Notes are the same as the form and terms of the Outstanding Notes except that:
| the Exchange Notes bear a Series B designation and a different CUSIP Number from the Outstanding Notes; |
| the Exchange Notes have been registered under the Securities Act and hence will not bear legends restricting the transfer thereof; and |
| the holders of the Exchange Notes will not be entitled to certain rights under the Registration Rights Agreement, including the provisions providing for an increase in the interest rate on the Outstanding Notes in certain circumstances relating to the timing of the Exchange Offer, all of which rights will terminate when the Exchange Offer to which this prospectus relates are terminated. |
The Exchange Notes will evidence the same debt as the Outstanding Notes and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture relating to the Outstanding Notes.
As of the date of this prospectus, $130.0 million in aggregate principal amount of February 2012 Senior Notes are outstanding. This prospectus and the letter of transmittal are being sent to all registered holders of Outstanding Notes. There will be no fixed record date for determining registered holders of Outstanding Notes entitled to participate in the Exchange Offer.
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Holders of Outstanding Notes do not have any appraisal or dissenters rights under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Indentures in connection with the Exchange Offer. We intend to conduct the Exchange Offer in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.
We will be deemed to have accepted validly tendered Outstanding Notes when, as and if we have given oral or written notice thereof to the exchange agent. The exchange agent will act as agent for the tendering holders for the purpose of receiving the Exchange Notes from us.
If any tendered Outstanding Notes are not accepted for exchange because of an invalid tender, the occurrence of specified other events set forth in this prospectus or otherwise, the certificates for any unaccepted Outstanding Notes will be returned, without expense, to the tendering holder thereof promptly following the expiration date of the Exchange Offer.
Holders who tender Outstanding Notes in the Exchange Offer will not be required to pay brokerage commissions or fees or, subject to the instructions in the letter of transmittal, transfer taxes with respect to the exchange of Outstanding Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer. We will pay all charges and expenses, other than transfer taxes in certain circumstances, in connection with the Exchange Offer. See Fees and Expenses.
Expiration Date; Extensions; Amendments
The term expiration date means 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2012, unless we, in our sole discretion, extend the Exchange Offer, in which case the term expiration date will mean the latest date and time to which the Exchange Offer is extended.
In order to extend the Exchange Offer, we will promptly make a press release or other public announcement and notify the exchange agent of any extension by oral or written notice, prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day after the previously scheduled expiration date.
We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, (1) to delay accepting any Outstanding Notes, to extend the Exchange Offer or to terminate the Exchange Offer if any of the conditions set forth below under Conditions have not been satisfied, by giving oral or written notice of any delay, extension or termination to the exchange agent or (2) to amend the terms of the Exchange Offer in any manner. In the event of a material change in the Exchange Offer, including the waiver of a material condition to the Exchange Offer, we will extend the Exchange Offer, if necessary, so that a period of at least five business days remains in the Exchange Offer following notice of a material change. Such decision will also be communicated in a press release or other public announcement prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the next business day following such decision. Any announcement of delay in acceptance, extension, termination or amendment will be followed promptly by oral or written notice thereof to the registered holders.
Interest on the Exchange Notes
The Exchange Notes will bear interest from their date of issuance. Holders of Outstanding Notes that are accepted for exchange will receive accrued interest thereon to, but not including, the date of issuance of the Exchange Notes. Such interest will be paid with the first interest payment on the Exchange Notes on , 2012. Interest on the Outstanding Notes accepted for exchange will cease to accrue upon issuance of the Exchange Notes.
Interest on the Exchange Notes is payable semi-annually on each April 1 and October 1, commencing on , 2012.
Procedures for Tendering
Only a holder of Outstanding Notes may tender Outstanding Notes in the Exchange Offer. To tender in the Exchange Offer, a holder must complete, sign and date the letter of transmittal, or a facsimile thereof, have the signatures thereon guaranteed if required by the letter of transmittal or transmit an agents message in connection with a book-entry transfer, and mail or otherwise deliver the letter of transmittal or the facsimile, together with the Outstanding Notes and any other required documents, to the exchange agent prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time,
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on the expiration date. To be tendered effectively, the Outstanding Notes, letter of transmittal or an agents message and other required documents must be completed and received by the exchange agent at the address set forth below under Exchange Agent prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date. Delivery of the Outstanding Notes may be made by book-entry transfer in accordance with the procedures described below. Confirmation of the book-entry transfer must be received by the exchange agent prior to the expiration date.
The term agents message means a message, transmitted by a book-entry transfer facility to, and received by, the exchange agent forming a part of a confirmation of a book-entry, which states that the book-entry transfer facility has received an express acknowledgment from the participant in the book-entry transfer facility tendering the Outstanding Notes that the participant has received and agrees: (1) to participate in ATOP; (2) to be bound by the terms of the letter of transmittal; and (3) that we may enforce the agreement against the participant.
To participate in the Exchange Offer, each holder will be required to make the following representations to us:
| Any Exchange Notes to be received by the holder will be acquired in the ordinary course of its business. |
| At the time of the commencement of the Exchange Offer, the holder has no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution, within the meaning of Securities Act, of the Exchange Notes in violation of the Securities Act. |
| The holder is not our affiliate as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act. |
| If the holder is not a broker-dealer, it is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, the distribution of Exchange Notes. |
| If the holder is a broker-dealer that will receive Exchange Notes for its own account in exchange for Outstanding Notes that were acquired as a result of market-making or other trading activities, the holder will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of the Exchange Notes. We refer to these broker-dealers as participating broker-dealers. |
| The holder is not a broker-dealer tendering Outstanding Notes directly acquired from us for its own account. |
| The holder is not acting on behalf of any person or entity that could not truthfully make these representations. |
The tender by a holder and our acceptance thereof will constitute an agreement between the holder and us in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this prospectus and in the letter of transmittal or agents message.
The method of delivery of Outstanding Notes and the letter of transmittal or agents message and all other required documents to the exchange agent is at the election and sole risk of the holder. As an alternative to delivery by mail, holders may wish to consider overnight or hand delivery service. In all cases, sufficient time should be allowed to assure delivery to the exchange agent before the expiration date. No letter of transmittal or Outstanding Notes should be sent to us. Holders may request their respective brokers, dealers, commercial banks, trust companies or nominees to effect the above transactions for them.
Any beneficial owner whose Outstanding Notes are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and who wishes to tender should contact the registered holder promptly and instruct the registered holder to tender on the beneficial owners behalf. See Instructions to Registered Holder and/or Book-Entry Transfer Facility Participant from Beneficial Owner included with the letter of transmittal.
Signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, must be guaranteed by a member of the Medallion System unless the Outstanding Notes tendered pursuant to the letter of transmittal are tendered (1) by a registered holder who has not completed the box entitled Special Registration Instructions or Special Delivery Instructions on the letter of transmittal or (2) for the account of a member firm of the Medallion System. In the event that signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, are required to be guaranteed, the guarantee must be by a member firm of the Medallion System.
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If the letter of transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered holder of any Outstanding Notes listed in this prospectus, the Outstanding Notes must be endorsed or accompanied by a properly completed bond power, signed by the registered holder as the registered holders name appears on the Outstanding Notes with the signature thereon guaranteed by a member firm of the Medallion System.
If the letter of transmittal or any Outstanding Notes or bond powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, the person signing should so indicate when signing, and evidence satisfactory to us of its authority to so act must be submitted with the letter of transmittal.
We understand that the exchange agent will make a request promptly after the date of this prospectus to establish accounts with respect to the Outstanding Notes at DTC for the purpose of facilitating the Exchange Offer, and subject to the establishment thereof, any financial institution that is a participant in DTCs system may make book-entry delivery of Outstanding Notes by causing DTC to transfer the Outstanding Notes into the exchange agents account with respect to the Outstanding Notes in accordance with DTCs procedures for the transfer. Although delivery of the Outstanding Notes may be effected through book-entry transfer into the exchange agents account at DTC, unless an agents message is received by the exchange agent in compliance with ATOP, an appropriate letter of transmittal properly completed and duly executed with any required signature guarantee and all other required documents must in each case be transmitted to and received or confirmed by the exchange agent at its address set forth in this prospectus on or prior to the expiration date, or, if the guaranteed delivery procedures described below are complied with, within the time period provided under the procedures. Delivery of documents to DTC does not constitute delivery to the exchange agent.
All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility, including time of receipt, acceptance of tendered Outstanding Notes and withdrawal of tendered Outstanding Notes will be determined by us in our sole discretion, which determination will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any and all Outstanding Notes not properly tendered or any Outstanding Notes our acceptance of which would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the right in our sole discretion to waive any defects, irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular Outstanding Notes, provided however that, to the extent such waiver includes any condition to tender, we will waive such condition as to all tendering holders. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer, including the instructions in the letter of transmittal, will be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of Outstanding Notes must be cured within the time we determine. Although we intend to notify holders of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of Outstanding Notes, neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will incur any liability for failure to give the notification. Tenders of Outstanding Notes will not be deemed to have been made until the defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. Any Outstanding Notes received by the exchange agent that are not properly tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be returned by the exchange agent to the tendering holders, unless otherwise provided in the letter of transmittal, promptly following the expiration date.
Guaranteed Delivery Procedures
Holders who wish to tender their Outstanding Notes and (1) whose Outstanding Notes are not immediately available, (2) who cannot deliver their Outstanding Notes, the letter of transmittal or any other required documents to the exchange agent or (3) who cannot complete the procedures for book-entry transfer, prior to the expiration date, may effect a tender if:
1. | the tender is made through a member firm of the Medallion System; |
2. | prior to the expiration date, the exchange agent receives from a member firm of the Medallion System a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed Delivery by facsimile transmission, mail or hand delivery setting forth the name and address of the holder, the certificate number(s) of the Outstanding Notes and the principal amount of Outstanding Notes tendered, stating that the tender is being made thereby and guaranteeing that, within three New York Stock Exchange trading days after the expiration date, the letter of transmittal or facsimile thereof together with the certificate(s) representing the Outstanding Notes or a confirmation of book-entry transfer of the Outstanding Notes into the exchange agents account at DTC, and any other documents required by the letter of transmittal will be deposited by the member firm of the Medallion System with the exchange agent; and |
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3. | the properly completed and executed letter of transmittal of facsimile thereof, as well as the certificate(s) representing all tendered Outstanding Notes in proper form for transfer or a confirmation of book-entry transfer of the Outstanding Notes into the exchange agents account at DTC, and all other documents required by the letter of transmittal are received by the exchange agent within three New York Stock Exchange trading days after the expiration date. |
Upon request to the exchange agent, a Notice of Guaranteed Delivery will be sent to holders who wish to tender their Outstanding Notes according to the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth above.
Withdrawal of Tenders
Except as otherwise provided in this prospectus, tenders of Outstanding Notes may be withdrawn at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date.
To withdraw a tender of Outstanding Notes in the Exchange Offer, either a notice of withdrawal must be received by the exchange agent at its address set forth in this prospectus or you must comply with the appropriate withdrawal procedures of DTCs ATOP. Any notice of withdrawal must be in writing and:
1. | specify the name of the person having deposited the Outstanding Notes to be withdrawn; |
2. | identify the Outstanding Notes to be withdrawn, including the certificate number(s) and principal amount of the Outstanding Notes, or, in the case of Outstanding Notes transferred by book-entry transfer, the name and number of the account at DTC to be credited; |
3. | be signed by the holder in the same manner as the original signature on the letter of transmittal by which the Outstanding Notes were tendered, including any required signature guarantees, or be accompanied by documents of transfer sufficient to have the trustee with respect to the Outstanding Notes register the transfer of the Outstanding Notes into the name of the person withdrawing the tender; and |
4. | specify the name in which any Outstanding Notes are to be registered, if different from that of the person depositing the Outstanding Notes to be withdrawn. |
All questions as to the validity, form and eligibility, including time of receipt, of the notices will be determined by us, which determination will be final and binding on all parties. Any Outstanding Notes so withdrawn will be deemed not to have been validly tendered for purposes of the Exchange Offer and no Exchange Notes will be issued with respect thereto unless the Outstanding Notes so withdrawn are validly retendered. Any Outstanding Notes which have been tendered but which are not accepted for exchange will be returned to the holder thereof without cost to the holder promptly after withdrawal, rejection of tender or termination of the Exchange Offer. Properly withdrawn Outstanding Notes may be retendered by following one of the procedures described above under Procedures for Tendering at any time prior to the expiration date.
Conditions
Notwithstanding any other term of the Exchange Offer, we will not be required to accept for exchange, or Exchange Notes for, any Outstanding Notes, and may terminate or amend the Exchange Offer as provided in this prospectus prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer, if:
1. | any action or proceeding is instituted or threatened in any court or by or before any governmental agency with respect to the Exchange Offer which might materially impair our ability to proceed with the Exchange Offer; or |
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2. | any material adverse development has occurred with respect to us or any of our subsidiaries which might materially impair our ability to proceed with the Exchange Offer; or |
3. | any law, statute, rule, regulation or interpretation by the staff of the SEC is proposed, adopted or enacted, which might materially impair our ability to proceed with the Exchange Offer or materially impair the contemplated benefits of the Exchange Offer to us; or |
4. | any governmental approval has not been obtained, which approval is necessary for the consummation of the Exchange Offer as contemplated by this prospectus. |
If we determine in our reasonable discretion that any of the conditions are not satisfied, we may (1) refuse to accept any Outstanding Notes and return all tendered Outstanding Notes to the tendering holders, (2) extend the Exchange Offer and retain all Outstanding Notes tendered prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer, subject, however, to the rights of holders to withdraw the Outstanding Notes (see Withdrawal of Tenders) or (3) waive the unsatisfied conditions with respect to the Exchange Offer and accept all properly tendered Outstanding Notes which have not been withdrawn. All conditions to the Exchange Offer, other than those dependent upon receipt of necessary governmental approvals, must be satisfied or waived by us at or prior to the expiration of the Exchange Offer.
Exchange Agent
U.S. Bank National Association has been appointed as exchange agent for the Exchange Offer. Questions and requests for assistance, requests for additional copies of this prospectus or of the letter of transmittal and requests for Notice of Guaranteed Delivery should be directed to the exchange agent addressed as follows:
By Overnight Courier or Registered/Certified Mail: |
Facsimile Transmission: | |
U.S. Bank National Association |
(651) 495-8145 | |
Corporate Trust Services |
||
60 Livingston Avenue |
For information or to confirm receipt of facsimile by | |
St. Paul, MN 55107 |
telephone (call toll-free): | |
Attention: Specialized Finance Department |
(800) 934-6802 |
Delivery to an address other than set forth above will not constitute a valid delivery.
Fees and Expenses
We will bear the expenses of soliciting tenders. The principal solicitation is being made by mail; however, additional solicitation may be made by telephone, in person or by other means by our and our affiliates officers and regular employees.
We have not retained any dealer-manager in connection with the Exchange Offer and will not make any payments to brokers, dealers or others soliciting acceptances of the Exchange Offer. We will, however, pay the exchange agent reasonable and customary fees for its services and will reimburse it for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with these services.
We will pay the cash expenses to be incurred by us in connection with the Exchange Offer. Such expenses include fees and expenses of the exchange agent and trustee, accounting and legal fees and printing costs, among others.
Accounting Treatment
The Exchange Notes will be recorded at the same carrying value as the Outstanding Notes, which is face value, as reflected in our accounting records on the date of exchange. Accordingly, we will not recognize any gain or loss for accounting purposes as a result of the Exchange Offer.
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Consequences of Failure to Exchange
The Outstanding Notes that are not exchanged for Exchange Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer will remain restricted securities. Accordingly, the Outstanding Notes may be resold only:
1. | to us upon redemption thereof or otherwise; |
2. | so long as the Outstanding Notes are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A, to a person inside the United States whom the seller reasonably believes is a qualified institutional buyer within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A, in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or pursuant to another exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, which other exemption is based upon an opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to us; |
3. | outside the United States to a foreign person in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 904 under the Securities Act; or |
4. | pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, |
in each case in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any state of the United States.
After completion of the Exchange Offer, we will have no further obligation to provide for the registration under the Securities Act of any Outstanding Notes except in limited circumstances with respect to specific types of holders of Outstanding Notes and we do not intend to register any remaining Outstanding Notes under the Securities Act.
Resale of the Exchange Notes
With respect to resales of Exchange Notes, based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC set forth in no-action letters issued to third parties, we believe that a holder or other person who receives Exchange Notes, other than a person that is our affiliate within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act, in exchange for Outstanding Notes in the ordinary course of business and who is not participating, does not intend to participate, and has no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate, in the distribution of the Exchange Notes, will be allowed to resell the Exchange Notes to the public without further registration under the Securities Act and without delivering to the purchasers of the Exchange Notes a prospectus that satisfies the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act. However, if any holder of Outstanding Notes acquires Exchange Notes in the Exchange Offer for the purpose of distributing or participating in a distribution of the Exchange Notes, the holder cannot rely on the position of the staff of the SEC expressed in the no-action letters or any similar interpretive letters, and must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale transaction, unless an exemption from registration is otherwise available. Further, each broker-dealer that receives Exchange Notes for its own account in exchange for Outstanding Notes, where the Outstanding Notes were acquired by the broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of the Exchange Notes.
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This Exchange Offer is intended to satisfy certain of our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the Exchange Notes. In consideration for issuing the Exchange Notes contemplated by this prospectus, we will receive Outstanding Notes in like principal amount, the form and terms of which are the same as the form and terms of the Exchange Notes, except as otherwise described in this prospectus.
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The following table sets forth our consolidated cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2011 on an actual basis and as adjusted to give effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions. This information should be read in conjunction with Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
As of December 31, 2011 |
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(in millions) | Actual | As Adjusted | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 99.9 | $ | 91.8 | ||||
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Total debt (including current portion): |
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ABL Facility (1) |
$ | | $ | | ||||
Term Loan Facility |
1,540.5 | 1,540.5 | ||||||
Senior Secured Notes |
500.0 | 500.0 | ||||||
Senior Notes (2) |
1,175.0 | 1,305.0 | ||||||
Existing Senior Notes (3) |
129.0 | | ||||||
Existing Senior Subordinated Notes |
721.5 | 721.5 | ||||||
Capital Leases |
| | ||||||
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Total debt (including current portion) (4) |
4,066.0 | 4,067.0 | ||||||
Shareholders deficit |
(7.3 | ) | (7.3 | ) | ||||
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Total capitalization |
$ | 4,058.7 | $ | 4,059.7 | ||||
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(1) | In connection with the Acquisition, we entered into the ABL Facility, which originally consisted of a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility maturing on October 12, 2012 providing for borrowings and issuances of letters of credit of up to $800.0 million, subject to borrowing base limitations. On June 24, 2011, we refinanced the ABL Facility to provide for borrowings and issuances of letters of credit of up to $900.0 million, subject to borrowing base limitations. As of December 31, 2011, after giving effect to the 2012 Refinancing Transactions, we would have had approximately $679.3 million available for additional borrowing under our ABL Facility after taking into account borrowing base limitations (net of $1.7 million of issued and undrawn letters of credit and $219.0 million of reserves related to our floorplan subfacility). |
(2) | As adjusted figure gives effect to the issuance of $130.0 million of additional Senior Notes on February 17, 2012. |
(3) | As adjusted figure gives effect to the repurchase and redemption of $129.0 million of Existing Senior Notes in February and March 2012 pursuant to a tender offer and consent solicitation and subsequent redemption. |
(4) | This amount does not include any of the $278.7 million in obligations outstanding under our inventory financing agreements as of December 31, 2011. We include these obligations in current liabilities and not in total debt because we have not in the past incurred, and in the future do not expect to incur, any interest expense or late fees under these agreements. For more information, see Description of Certain Indebtedness. |
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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
The following table sets forth our selected historical consolidated financial and operating data for the periods ended and as of the dates indicated below. The application of purchase accounting in connection with the Acquisition resulted in a new entity for financial reporting purposes. We refer to Target and its subsidiaries prior to the Acquisition as the Predecessor. We refer to Parent and its subsidiaries (including Target) following the Acquisition as the Successor. We have derived the selected historical consolidated financial and operating data presented below as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial and operating data as of December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009 and for the year ended December 31, 2008 and the period October 12, 2007 through December 31, 2007 have been derived from Successors audited consolidated financial statements as of and for those periods, which are not included in this prospectus. The selected historical consolidated financial and operating data as of October 11, 2007 and for the period January 1, 2007 through October 11, 2007 have been derived from Predecessors audited consolidated financial statements as of and for those periods, which are not included in this prospectus. As part of the Acquisition on October 12, 2007, we entered into various financing arrangements and, as a result, we now have a different capital structure than we had prior to the Acquisition. Accordingly, the results of operations for periods subsequent to the Acquisition will not necessarily be comparable to prior periods.
The selected historical consolidated financial and operating data set forth below are not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Risk Factors, Use of Proceeds, Capitalization and our historical financial statements and the related notes and other information included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following are some of the items affecting comparability of the selected historical consolidated financial and operating data for the periods presented:
| In connection with the Acquisition, the purchase price of Predecessor was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair market values on October 12, 2007. This purchase price allocation resulted in significant changes to certain balance sheet items, including deferred income tax assets and liabilities, property and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill. |
| In connection with the Acquisition, we entered into various financing arrangements on October 12, 2007, of which $4,640.0 million was funded at closing of the Acquisition. This resulted in significantly increased interest expense for all periods subsequent to the Acquisition. See SummaryThe Acquisition Transactions and Related Financing Events. |
| In connection with the Acquisition, we recorded customer relationships, trade names, internally developed software and other intangible assets with an estimated fair value of $2,323.8 million. These assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives which range from five to twenty years. This resulted in significantly increased amortization expense for all periods subsequent to the Acquisition. |
| In connection with the Acquisition, we incurred certain Acquisition-related costs. This included investment banking, legal and other third-party costs, along with non-cash equity-based compensation expense resulting from the accelerated vesting of stock options and restricted stock units in connection with the Acquisition. During the periods January 1, 2007 to October 11, 2007, and October 12, 2007 to December 31, 2007 we incurred $144.4 million and $26.7 million, respectively, of these Acquisition-related costs. |
| During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009, we recorded goodwill impairment charges of $1,712.0 million and $241.8 million, respectively. These impairments were primarily attributable to deterioration in macroeconomic conditions and overall declines in net sales. |
| During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded a net loss on extinguishments of long-term debt of $118.9 million. The loss represented the difference between the amount paid upon extinguishment, including call premiums and expenses paid to the debt holders and agents, and the net carrying amount of the extinguished debt, adjusted for a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs. |
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Predecessor | Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Period from January 1, 2007 to |
Period from October 12, 2007 |
Year
Ended December 31, |
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(in millions) | October 11, 2007 | December 31, 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
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Net sales |
$ | 6,344.3 | $ | 1,800.2 | $ | 8,071.2 | $ | 7,162.6 | $ | 8,801.2 | $ | 9,602.4 | ||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
5,320.8 | 1,505.8 | 6,710.2 | 6,029.7 | 7,410.4 | 8,015.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
1,023.5 | 294.4 | 1,361.0 | 1,132.9 | 1,390.8 | 1,587.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
656.0 | 221.8 | 894.8 | 821.1 | 932.1 | 994.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Advertising expense |
97.3 | 27.0 | 141.3 | 101.9 | 106.0 | 122.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| | 1,712.0 | 241.8 | | | ||||||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) from operations |
270.2 | 45.6 | (1,387.1 | ) | (31.9 | ) | 352.7 | 470.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income (expense), net |
16.8 | (104.6 | ) | (390.3 | ) | (431.7 | ) | (391.9 | ) | (324.2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net gain (loss) on extinguishments of long-term debt |
| | | | 2.0 | (118.9 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income, net |
(0.6 | ) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
286.4 | (58.8 | ) | (1,777.2 | ) | (461.2 | ) | (37.0 | ) | 28.3 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(112.1 | ) | 18.5 | 12.1 | 87.8 | 7.8 | (11.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | 174.3 | $ | (40.3 | ) | $ | (1,765.1 | ) | $ | (373.4 | ) | $ | (29.2 | ) | $ | 17.1 | ||||||||
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Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
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Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 664.3 | $ | 15.6 | $ | 94.4 | $ | 88.0 | $ | 36.6 | $ | 99.9 | ||||||||||||
Working capital |
1,418.3 | 836.0 | 877.6 | 923.2 | 675.4 | 538.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
2,615.2 | 8,296.4 | 6,276.3 | 5,976.0 | 5,943.8 | 5,949.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total debt and capitalized lease obligations (1) |
0.3 | 4,617.7 | 4,633.5 | 4,621.9 | 4,290.0 | 4,066.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total shareholders equity (deficit) |
1,737.4 | 2,068.9 | 262.2 | (44.7 | ) | (43.5 | ) | (7.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Other Financial Data: |
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Capital expenditures |
$ | 38.7 | $ | 8.0 | $ | 41.1 | $ | 15.6 | $ | 41.5 | $ | 45.7 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
33.7 | 46.3 | 218.4 | 218.2 | 209.4 | 204.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales |
16.1 | % | 16.4 | % | 16.9 | % | 15.8 | % | 15.8 | % | 16.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (2) |
63:1 | (a | ) | (a | ) | (a | ) | (a | ) | 1:1 | ||||||||||||||
EBITDA (3) |
303.3 | 92.1 | (1,168.5 | ) | 188.7 | 564.3 | 557.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (3) |
456.9 | 125.0 | 570.6 | 465.4 | 601.8 | 717.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Cash Flows Data: |
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Net cash provided by (used in): |
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Operating activities (4) |
$ | 198.8 | $ | (123.7 | ) | $ | 215.4 | $ | 107.6 | $ | 423.7 | $ | 214.7 | |||||||||||
Investing activities |
200.0 | (6,399.6 | ) | (60.3 | ) | (82.6 | ) | (125.4 | ) | (56.0 | ) | |||||||||||||
Financing activities (4) |
115.9 | 6,539.0 | (75.8 | ) | (31.9 | ) | (350.1 | ) | (95.4 | ) |
(1) | Excludes borrowings of $122.8 million, $75.3 million, $34.1 million, $25.0 million, $28.2 million and $278.7 million, as of October 11, 2007, December 31, 2007, December 31, 2008, December 31, 2009, December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011, respectively, under our inventory financing agreements. We do not include these borrowings in total debt because we have not in the past incurred, and in the future do not expect to incur, any interest expense or late fees under these agreements. For more information, see Description of Certain Indebtedness. |
(2) | For purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of earnings before income taxes minus income from equity investees plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expensed and the portion of rental expense we believe is representative of the interest component of rental expense. |
(a) | For the period October 12, 2007 to December 31, 2007 and the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, earnings available for fixed charges were inadequate to cover fixed charges by $58.8 million, $1,777.2 million, $461.2 million and $37.0 million, respectively. |
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(3) | EBITDA is defined as consolidated net income (loss) before interest income (expense), income tax benefit (expense), depreciation, and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA, which is a measure defined in our Senior Credit Facilities, is calculated by adjusting EBITDA for certain items of income and expense including (but not limited to) the following: (a) non-cash equity-based compensation; (b) goodwill impairment charges; (c) sponsor fees; (d) certain consulting fees; (e) debt-related legal and accounting costs; (f) equity investment income and losses; (g) certain severance and retention costs; (h) gains and losses from the early extinguishment of debt; (i) gains and losses from asset dispositions outside the ordinary course of business; (j) Acquisition-related costs; (k) equity compensation payroll taxes; and (l) non-recurring, extraordinary or unusual gains or losses or expenses. |
We have included a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in the table below. Both EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a companys performance, financial position, or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide helpful information with respect to our operating performance and cash flows including our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures, and working capital requirements. Adjusted EBITDA also provides helpful information as it is the primary measure used in certain financial covenants contained in our Senior Credit Facilities.
The following unaudited table sets forth reconciliations of GAAP net income (loss) to EBITDA and EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:
Predecessor | Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Period from January 1, |
Period October 12, |
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2007 | 31, 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 174.3 | $ | (40.3 | ) | $ | (1,765.1 | ) | $ | (373.4 | ) | $ | (29.2 | ) | $ | 17.1 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
33.7 | 46.3 | 218.4 | 218.2 | 209.4 | 204.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) |
112.1 | (18.5 | ) | (12.1 | ) | (87.8 | ) | (7.8 | ) | 11.2 | ||||||||||||||
Interest (income) expense, net |
(16.8 | ) | 104.6 | 390.3 | 431.7 | 391.9 | 324.2 | |||||||||||||||||
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EBITDA |
303.3 | 92.1 | (1,168.5 | ) | 188.7 | 564.3 | 557.4 | |||||||||||||||||
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Non-cash equity-based compensation |
7.5 | 4.2 | 17.8 | 15.9 | 11.5 | 19.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related costs (i) |
144.4 | 26.7 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Sponsor fees |
| 2.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| | 1,712.0 | 241.8 | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Consulting and debt-related professional fees |
| | 4.3 | 14.1 | 15.1 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net (gain) loss on extinguishments of long-term debt |
| | | | (2.0 | ) | 118.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Other adjustments (ii) |
1.7 | | | (0.1 | ) | 7.9 | 11.4 | |||||||||||||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 456.9 | $ | 125.0 | $ | 570.6 | $ | 465.4 | $ | 601.8 | $ | 717.3 | ||||||||||||
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(i) | Non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $25.3 million related to the Acquisition is included in Acquisition-related costs in the Predecessor period from January 1, 2007 to October 11, 2007. |
(ii) | Includes certain severance and retention costs, equity investment income and the gain related to the sale of the Informacast software and equipment for periods subsequent to the Acquisition. Includes equity compensation payroll taxes for the period prior to the Acquisition. |
The following unaudited table sets forth a reconciliation of EBITDA to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities for the periods presented:
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Predecessor | Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Period from January 1, 2007 to October 11, |
Period from October 12, 2007 to December |
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2007 | 31, 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA |
$ | 303.3 | $ | 92.1 | $ | (1,168.5 | ) | $ | 188.7 | $ | 564.3 | $ | 557.4 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(33.7 | ) | (46.3 | ) | (218.4 | ) | (218.2 | ) | (209.4 | ) | (204.9 | ) | ||||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
(112.1 | ) | 18.5 | 12.1 | 87.8 | 7.8 | (11.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income (expense), net |
16.8 | (104.6 | ) | (390.3 | ) | (431.7 | ) | (391.9 | ) | (324.2 | ) | |||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
174.3 | (40.3 | ) | (1,765.1 | ) | (373.4 | ) | (29.2 | ) | 17.1 | ||||||||||||||
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Depreciation and amortization |
33.7 | 46.3 | 218.4 | 218.2 | 209.4 | 204.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| | 1,712.0 | 241.8 | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation expense |
32.8 | 4.2 | 17.8 | 15.9 | 11.5 | 19.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs |
| 13.4 | 38.6 | 16.2 | 18.0 | 15.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(24.1 | ) | (12.6 | ) | (39.9 | ) | (94.4 | ) | (4.3 | ) | (10.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(3.9 | ) | | 0.4 | (0.2 | ) | (1.3 | ) | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||
Realized loss on interest rate swap agreements |
| | 18.6 | 103.2 | 51.5 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mark to market loss on interest rate derivatives |
| | | | 4.7 | 4.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net (gain) loss on extinguishments of long-term debt |
| | | | (2.0 | ) | 118.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Gross excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation |
(73.6 | ) | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss (gain) on sale and disposals of assets |
0.6 | | 0.5 | (1.7 | ) | 0.7 | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities |
59.0 | (134.8 | ) | 14.1 | (18.0 | ) | 165.3 | (158.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Other non-cash items |
| 0.1 | | | (0.6 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (4) |
$ | 198.8 | $ | (123.7 | ) | $ | 215.4 | $ | 107.6 | $ | 423.7 | $ | 214.7 | |||||||||||
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(4) | Amounts have been revised. For further information and a summary of the revisions for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, see Note 1 to the Audited Financial Statements included in this prospectus. The revision for the period from January 1, 2007 to October 11, 2007 resulted in a decrease to cash flows from operating activities of $14.7 million with an equal and offsetting increase to cash flows from financing activities. The revision for the period from October 12, 2007 to December 31, 2007 resulted in an increase to cash flows from operating activities of $47.5 million with an equal and offsetting decrease to cash flows from financing activities. The revision for the year ended December 31, 2008 resulted in an increase to cash flows from operating activities of $41.2 million with an equal and offsetting decrease to cash flows from financing activities. |
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MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the section entitled Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data and our historical audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in the section entitled Risk Factors. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are a leading multi-brand technology solutions provider to business, government, education and healthcare customers in the U.S. and Canada. We provide comprehensive and integrated solutions for our customers technology needs through our extensive hardware, software and value-added service offerings. Our breadth of offerings allows our customers to streamline their procurement processes by partnering with us as a complete technology solutions provider. Our hardware offerings include products with leading brands across multiple categories such as network communications, notebooks/mobile devices (including tablets), data storage, video monitors, printers, desktops and servers, among others. Our software offerings include licensing, licensing management and software solutions and services that help our customers to optimize their software investments. We offer a full suite of value-added services, which typically are delivered as part of a technology solution, to help our customers meet their specific needs. Our solutions range from configuration services for computer devices to fully integrated solutions such as virtualization, collaboration, security, mobility, data center optimization and cloud computing. We also offer complementary services including installations, sales of warranties and managed services such as remote network and data center monitoring. We believe both software and service offerings will be important growth areas for us in the future.
We have two reportable segments: Corporate, which is comprised primarily of business customers, and Public, which is comprised of government entities and education and healthcare institutions. Our Corporate segment is divided into a medium-large business customer channel, primarily serving customers with more than 100 employees, and a small business customer channel, primarily serving customers with up to 100 employees. We also have two other operating segments, CDW Advanced Services and Canada, which do not meet the reportable segment quantitative thresholds and, accordingly, are combined together as Other. The CDW Advanced Services business consists primarily of customized engineering services delivered by CDW professional engineers and managed services, including hosting and data center services. Revenues from the sale of hardware, software, custom configuration and third-party provided services are recorded within our Corporate and Public segments.
Our business is well-diversified across customers, product and service offerings and vendors from whom we purchase products and software for resale. We have aligned our sales and marketing functions around customer channels to retain and increase our sales to existing customers and to acquire new customers. We have an experienced and dedicated direct selling organization consisting of account managers who provide inside sales coverage, and field account executives who work within an assigned territory and interact with customers in person. Our direct selling organization is supported by a team of technology specialists who design solutions and provide recommendations in the selection and procurement processes. We purchase products for resale from OEMs and distributors. We believe that effective purchasing from a diverse vendor base is a key element of our business strategy. We are authorized by OEMs to sell via direct marketing all or selected products offered by the manufacturer. We also operate as a reseller for major software publishers that allows the end-user customer to acquire packaged software or licensed products and services. Our authorization with each OEM or software publisher may include one or more of the following: product return privileges, price protection policies, purchase discounts and vendor incentive programs, such as volume rebates and cooperative advertising reimbursements.
We market the CDW brand on a national basis through a variety of public and community relations and corporate communications efforts, and through brand advertising that includes the use of print, broadcast, online, social and other media. We also market to current and prospective customers through integrated marketing programs that include print and online media, events and sponsorships. As a result of our relationships with our vendors, a substantial portion of our advertising and marketing expenses are reimbursed through cooperative advertising reimbursement programs. Such programs are at the discretion of our vendors and are typically tied to sales or purchasing volumes or other commitments to be met by us within a specified period of time.
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An important factor affecting our ability to generate sales and achieve our targeted operating results is the impact of general economic conditions on our customers willingness to spend on information technology. During the economic downturn beginning in late 2008 and into 2009, we experienced significantly lower net sales and gross profit as our customers generally reduced spending on information technology products and services. Net sales and gross profit declined 11.3% and 16.8%, respectively, in 2009 compared to 2008. During 2010, we experienced significant increases in net sales, gross profit and operating income compared to 2009, partially driven by general growth and higher demand in the information technology industry overall. Net sales, gross profit and operating income increased 22.9%, 22.8% and 1,205.3%, respectively, in 2010 compared to 2009. During 2011, we continued to experience year-over-year increases in net sales, gross profit and operating income at a more moderate level compared to the higher growth rates we experienced in 2010. Net sales, gross profit and operating income increased 9.1%, 14.1% and 33.5%, respectively, in 2011 compared to 2010. While the U.S. economy did not grow as rapidly in 2011 as it did in 2010, our results benefited from higher demand in the information technology industry overall, as well as our focus on growing market share. Our Corporate segment grew net sales by 10.4% driven by hardware unit volume growth, and our Public segment grew net sales by 5.5% driven by 22.7% growth in the healthcare customer channel. Government and education net sales declined 1.8% and 0.2%, respectively, primarily due to budget pressures in these customer channels. Gross profit increased 70 basis points as a percentage of net sales to 16.5%, driven by favorable price/mix changes within product margin and a higher mix of commission and net service contract revenue. Operating income increased by 33.5% driven by sales growth, gross margin expansion and our continued focus on cost management.
While general economic conditions and our recent operating results have generally improved, competitive pricing pressures continue in the market. Downturns in the global economy, declines in the availability of credit, weakening consumer and business confidence or increased unemployment could result in reduced spending by our customers on information technology products and services and increased competitive pricing pressures. Our Public segment sales are impacted by government spending policies, budget priorities and revenue levels. Although our sales to the federal government are diversified across multiple agencies and departments, they collectively accounted for approximately 10% of our net sales in 2011. Further, our sales to state and local governments accounted for approximately 4% of our net sales in 2011. An adverse change in any of these factors could cause our Public segment customers to reduce their purchases or to terminate or not renew contracts with us, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or cash flows. See Risk FactorsRisks Relating to our Business for further discussion.
Our management monitors a number of financial and non-financial measures and ratios on a regular basis in order to track the progress of our business and make adjustments as necessary. We believe that the most important of these measures and ratios include average daily sales, gross margin, operating margin, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, cash and cash equivalents, net working capital, cash conversion cycle (defined to be days of sales outstanding in accounts receivable plus days of supply in inventory minus days of purchases outstanding in accounts payable), debt levels including available credit and leverage ratios, sales per coworker and coworker turnover. These measures and ratios are compared to standards or objectives set by management, so that actions can be taken, as necessary, in order to achieve the standards and objectives. Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, also provides helpful information as it is the primary measure used in certain financial covenants contained in our Senior Credit Facilities. In addition to net sales, gross profit and operating income discussed above, the following key measures improved in 2011 compared to 2010:
| Average daily sales increased 8.7% to $37.7 million; |
| Adjusted EBITDA increased 19.2% to $717.3 million; |
| The cash conversion cycle decreased from 32 days to 27 days; |
| Availability under the ABL Facility at the end of the year increased from $548 million to $679 million; and |
| The senior secured leverage ratio decreased from 3.9 to 2.7. |
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Background and Basis of Presentation
Corporate and Capital Structure
On October 12, 2007, Parent completed the Acquisition pursuant to which it acquired Target. For financial reporting purposes, we refer to Target and its subsidiaries prior to the Acquisition as the Predecessor and we refer to Parent and its subsidiaries (including Target) following the Acquisition as the Successor.
Upon completion of the Acquisition, the outstanding common stock of Target was converted into the right to receive cash, the common stock was delisted and deregistered and Target became a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. Parent is owned directly by CDW Holdings. CDW Holdings is controlled by investment funds affiliated with the Equity Sponsors, certain other co-investors and the Management Investors. On December 31, 2009, Target merged into CDWC LLC, a limited liability company wholly owned by Parent with CDWC LLC as the surviving company in the merger. This change had no impact on operations or management. On December 31, 2009, CDWC LLC was renamed CDW LLC. On August 17, 2010, Parent was renamed CDW Corporation.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, the terms we, us, the Company, our, CDW and similar terms refer to Parent and its wholly owned subsidiaries.
Accompanying Financial Statements
Throughout Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, data for all periods are derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which include the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 (the Audited Financial Statements).
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
The following table presents our results of operations, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:
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Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
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Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
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Net sales |
$ | 9,602.4 | 100.0 | % | $ | 8,801.2 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales |
8,015.0 | 83.5 | 7,410.4 | 84.2 | ||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
1,587.4 | 16.5 | 1,390.8 | 15.8 | ||||||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
994.0 | 10.3 | 932.1 | 10.6 | ||||||||||||
Advertising expense |
122.7 | 1.3 | 106.0 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||
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Income from operations |
470.7 | 4.9 | 352.7 | 4.0 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(324.2 | ) | (3.4 | ) | (391.9 | ) | (4.4 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) gain on extinguishments of long-term debt |
(118.9 | ) | (1.2 | ) | 2.0 | | ||||||||||
Other income, net |
0.7 | | 0.2 | | ||||||||||||
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Income (loss) before income taxes |
28.3 | 0.3 | (37.0 | ) | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(11.2 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 7.8 | 0.1 | ||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | 17.1 | 0.2 | % | $ | (29.2 | ) | (0.3 | )% | |||||||
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Net sales
The following table presents our net sales by segment, in dollars and as a percentage of total net sales, and the year-over-year dollar and percentage change in net sales for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:
Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
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Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
Dollar Change |
Percent Change (1) |
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Corporate |
$ | 5,334.4 | 55.6 | % | $ | 4,833.6 | 54.9 | % | $ | 500.8 | 10.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Public |
3,757.2 | 39.1 | 3,560.6 | 40.5 | 196.6 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other |
510.8 | 5.3 | 407.0 | 4.6 | 103.8 | 25.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total net sales |
$ | 9,602.4 | 100.0 | % | $ | 8,801.2 | 100.0 | % | $ | 801.2 | 9.1 | % | ||||||||||||
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(1) | There were 255 and 254 selling days in the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. On an average daily basis, total net sales increased 8.7%. |
The following table presents our net sales by customer channel for our Corporate and Public segments and the year-over-year dollar and percentage change in net sales for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:
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Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | Dollar Change | Percent Change | ||||||||||||
Corporate: |
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Medium / Large |
$ | 4,287.1 | $ | 3,867.3 | $ | 419.8 | 10.9 | % | ||||||||
Small Business |
1,047.3 | 966.3 | 81.0 | 8.4 | ||||||||||||
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Total Corporate |
$ | 5,334.4 | $ | 4,833.6 | $ | 500.8 | 10.4 | % | ||||||||
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Public: |
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Government |
$ | 1,343.5 | $ | 1,368.6 | $ | (25.1 | ) | (1.8 | )% | |||||||
Education |
1,197.7 | 1,200.6 | (2.9 | ) | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||||
Healthcare |
1,216.0 | 991.4 | 224.6 | 22.7 | ||||||||||||
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Total Public |
$ | 3,757.2 | $ | 3,560.6 | $ | 196.6 | 5.5 | % | ||||||||
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Total net sales in 2011 increased $801.2 million, or 9.1%, to $9,602.4 million, compared to $8,801.2 million in 2010. There were 255 and 254 selling days in the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. On an average daily basis, total net sales increased 8.7%. The increase in total net sales was the result of general volume growth and increased demand in the information technology industry overall, in addition to our focus on growing market share. The most significant drivers of sales growth in 2011 were hardware unit volume growth in notebook/mobile devices, desktop computers and netcomm products, along with growth in software products.
Corporate segment net sales in 2011 increased $500.8 million, or 10.4%, compared to 2010. Within our Corporate segment, net sales to medium / large customers increased 10.9% between years, and net sales to small business customers increased 8.4% between years. These increases were primarily a result of hardware unit volume growth, most notably in notebook/mobile devices and netcomm products, and growth in software products as we continued to benefit from increased demand from our Corporate customers. Public segment net sales in 2011 increased $196.6 million, or 5.5%, between years as growth in the healthcare customer channel more than offset slight declines in the government and education customer channels. Net sales to healthcare customers increased $224.6 million, or 22.7%, between years, primarily driven by hardware unit volume increases in desktop computers, notebook/mobile devices and netcomm products, growth in software products and additional sales from an expanded relationship with a group purchasing organization. Net sales to government customers decreased $25.1 million, or 1.8%, in 2011 compared to 2010 driven by a 10.2% decline between years for the first nine months of 2011, partially offset by net sales growth of 22.8% between years for the fourth quarter of 2011. Although government spending was impacted negatively throughout 2011 as a result of budget constraints and uncertainty, net sales to federal government customers drove the fourth quarter increase of 22.8% in the government customer channel. The fourth quarter of 2011 benefited from increased orders placed late in the third quarter, the end of the federal governments fiscal year, that shipped during the fourth quarter, compared to the same period of the prior year. Net sales to education customers decreased $2.9 million, or 0.2%, between years, due to continuing budget pressures.
Gross profit
Gross profit increased $196.5 million, or 14.1%, to $1,587.4 million in 2011, compared to $1,390.8 million in 2010. As a percentage of total net sales, gross profit was 16.5% in 2011, up from 15.8% in 2010. Gross profit margin increased 70 basis points between years, primarily due to favorable price/mix changes within product margin across most product categories of 30 basis points, and a higher mix of commission and net service contract revenue of 20 basis points. Commission revenue, including agency fees earned on sales of software licenses and software assurance under enterprise agreements, has a positive impact on our gross profit margin as we record the fee or commission as a component of net sales when earned and there is no corresponding cost of sales amount. Net service contract revenue, including items such as third-party services and warranties, also has a positive impact on gross profit margin as our cost paid to the vendor or third-party service provider is recorded as a reduction to sales, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction.
The gross profit margin may fluctuate based on various factors, including vendor incentive and inventory price protection programs, cooperative advertising funds classified as a reduction of cost of sales, product mix, net service contract revenue, commission revenue, pricing strategies, market conditions, and other factors, any of which could result in changes in gross profit margins.
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Selling and administrative expenses
Selling and administrative expenses increased $61.9 million, or 6.6%, to $994.0 million in 2011, compared to $932.1 million in 2010. The increase was primarily due to higher payroll costs of $62.1 million driven by increased sales commissions and other variable compensation costs consistent with higher sales and gross profit and an increase in the number of coworkers in 2011. Our sales force increased to 3,636 coworkers at December 31, 2011, compared to 3,405 coworkers at December 31, 2010, while total coworker count increased to 6,745 coworkers at December 31, 2011, compared to 6,268 coworkers at December 31, 2010. We also had increases in profit sharing/401(k) expense of $4.9 million, travel and entertainment expense of $3.7 million and bad debt expense of $2.7 million. These increases were partially offset by lower consulting and debt-related professional fees of $10.0 million, lower depreciation and amortization expense of $4.2 million, lower healthcare benefits expense of $3.6 million and lower sales and use tax expense of $3.3 million.
Advertising expense
Advertising expense increased $16.7 million, or 15.7%, to $122.7 million in 2011, compared to $106.0 million in 2010. Higher expenses were due to increased spending on web-based advertising, TV advertising and customer-focused marketing events. As a percentage of net sales, advertising expense was 1.3% in 2011, compared to 1.2% in 2010.
Income (loss) from operations
The following table presents income (loss) from operations by segment, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, and the year-over-year percentage change in income (loss) from operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:
Year Ended December 31, 2011 |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
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Dollars in Millions |
Operating Margin Percentage |
Dollars in Millions |
Operating Margin Percentage |
Percent Change in Income (Loss) from Operations |
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Segments: (1) |
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Corporate |
$ | 331.6 | 6.2 | % | $ | 256.2 | 5.3 | % | 29.4 | % | ||||||||||
Public |
233.3 | 6.2 | 193.0 | 5.4 | 20.9 | |||||||||||||||
Other |
17.5 | 3.4 | 14.3 | 3.5 | 22.3 | |||||||||||||||
Headquarters (2) |
(111.7 | ) | nm | (110.8 | ) | nm | (0.8 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Total income (loss) from operations |
$ | 470.7 | 4.9 | % | $ | 352.7 | 4.0 | % | 33.5 | % | ||||||||||
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(1) | Segment income (loss) from operations includes the segments direct operating income (loss) and allocations for Headquarters costs, allocations for logistics services, certain inventory adjustments, and volume rebates and cooperative advertising from vendors. |
(2) | Includes Headquarters function costs that are not allocated to the segments. |
Income from operations was $470.7 million in 2011, an increase of $118.0 million, or 33.5%, compared to $352.7 million in 2010. This increase was driven by higher net sales and gross profit, partially offset by higher advertising expense and selling and administrative expenses.
Corporate segment income from operations was $331.6 million in 2011, an increase of $75.4 million, or 29.4%, compared to $256.2 million in 2010. The increase in Corporate segment income from operations was primarily driven by higher net sales and gross profit margin, partially offset by higher selling and administrative costs, resulting in a net increase before allocations of $49.6 million in 2011 compared to 2010. In addition, Corporate segment income from operations benefited from an increase of $28.3 million in income allocations from our logistics operations in 2011 compared to 2010. The improved profitability of our logistics operations was driven by stronger operating leverage given higher purchase volumes while support structure costs remained flat. Partially offsetting the above items was an increase in Headquarters expense allocations to the Corporate segment of $2.5 million.
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Public segment income from operations was $233.3 million in 2011, an increase of $40.3 million, or 20.9%, compared to $193.0 million in 2010. The increase reflected higher operating income before allocations of $25.9 million as a result of higher net sales and gross profit margin, partially offset by higher selling and administrative costs. In addition, Public segment income from operations benefited from an increase of $15.1 million in income allocations from our logistics operations in 2011 compared to 2010.
The loss from operations for our Headquarters function of $111.7 million in 2011 was flat compared to the loss from operations of $110.8 million in 2010.
Interest expense, net
At December 31, 2011, our outstanding long-term debt, excluding capital leases, totaled $4,066.0 million. Net interest expense in 2011 was $324.2 million, a decrease of $67.7 million compared to $391.9 million in 2010. Interest expense was reduced by $19.4 million in 2011 due to a decrease in the long-term accrued interest liability associated with the extinguishment of $1,078.0 million of Existing Senior Notes. The long-term accrued interest liability represents the difference between interest expense previously recognized under the effective interest method and actual interest paid. The remaining decrease of $48.3 million was primarily due to lower effective interest rates in 2011 resulting from the termination of our interest rate swaps in January 2011 and the debt refinancing activities completed during the first half of 2011, partially offset by non-cash gains on hedge ineffectiveness recorded to interest expense in the prior year.
Net (loss) gain on extinguishments of long-term debt
During 2011, we recorded a net loss on extinguishments of long-term debt of $118.9 million in 2011 compared to a net gain on extinguishments of long-term debt of $2.0 million in 2010.
In March 2011, we amended our Term Loan Facility and recorded a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of $3.2 million, representing a write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs on this facility.
In April and May 2011, we purchased $1,078.0 million of Existing Senior Notes, funded with the issuance of $1,175.0 million of Senior Notes. As a result, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of $114.1 million, representing the difference between the purchase price of the Existing Senior Notes at 109% of par value and the net carrying amount of the purchased debt, adjusted for a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs.
In June 2011, we entered into a new $900.0 million ABL Facility, replacing the existing $800.0 million ABL Facility. As a result, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of $1.6 million representing a write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs related to the previous facility.
During 2010, we recorded a net gain of $2.0 million on the extinguishments of long-term debt resulting from two transactions. In March 2010, we repurchased $28.5 million of principal amount of Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans for a purchase price of $18.6 million. We recorded a gain of $9.2 million representing the difference between the purchase price, including expenses paid to the debt holders and agent, and the net carrying amount of the purchased debt, adjusted for a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs. The $28.5 million in principal amount of Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans that was repurchased was exchanged for increasing rate notes and subsequently surrendered to the indenture trustee for cancellation. In December 2010, we extinguished $500.0 million of the outstanding principal balance of our Term Loan Facility funded by proceeds from the issuance of Senior Secured Notes. We recorded a loss of $7.2 million on the extinguishment of the Term Loan Facility, representing a write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs. There was no additional gain or loss resulting from the paydown of the debt balance, as the cash paid equaled the principal amount of the debt extinguished.
Income tax (expense) benefit
Income tax expense was $11.2 million in 2011, compared to an income tax benefit of $7.8 million in 2010. The effective income tax rate, expressed as a percentage of income before income taxes, was 39.7% in 2011. An effective tax rate of 21.1% was recognized in 2010, reflecting the impact of permanent items in relation to a relatively small pre-tax loss.
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Net income (loss)
Net income was $17.1 million in 2011, compared to a net loss of $29.2 million in 2010.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA was $717.3 million in 2011, an increase of $115.4 million, or 19.2%, compared to $601.8 million in 2010. As a percentage of net sales, Adjusted EBITDA was 7.5% and 6.8% in 2011 and 2010, respectively.
We have included a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for 2011 and 2010 in the table below. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA, which is a measure defined in our Senior Credit Facilities, means EBITDA adjusted for certain items which are described in the table below. Both EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a companys performance, financial position, or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide helpful information with respect to our operating performance and cash flows including our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures, and working capital requirements. Adjusted EBITDA also provides helpful information as it is the primary measure used in certain financial covenants contained in our Senior Credit Facilities. See Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data for a reconciliation of EBITDA to cash flows from operating activities.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 17.1 | $ | (29.2 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization |
204.9 | 209.4 | ||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) |
11.2 | (7.8 | ) | |||||
Interest expense, net |
324.2 | 391.9 | ||||||
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EBITDA |
557.4 | 564.3 | ||||||
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Adjustments: |
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Non-cash equity-based compensation |
19.5 | 11.5 | ||||||
Sponsor fee |
5.0 | 5.0 | ||||||
Consulting and debt-related professional fees |
5.1 | 15.1 | ||||||
Net loss (gain) on extinguishments of long-term debt |
118.9 | (2.0 | ) | |||||
Other adjustments (1) |
11.4 | 7.9 | ||||||
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Total adjustments |
159.9 | 37.5 | ||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 717.3 | $ | 601.8 | ||||
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(1) | Other adjustments include certain retention costs and equity investment income. |
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Year Ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
The following table presents our results of operations, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
Year Ended December 31, 2009 |
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Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
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Net sales |
$ | 8,801.2 | 100.0 | % | $ | 7,162.6 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales |
7,410.4 | 84.2 | 6,029.7 | 84.2 | ||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
1,390.8 | 15.8 | 1,132.9 | 15.8 | ||||||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
932.1 | 10.6 | 821.1 | 11.4 | ||||||||||||
Advertising expense |
106.0 | 1.2 | 101.9 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment |
| | 241.8 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||
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Income (loss) from operations |
352.7 | 4.0 | (31.9 | ) | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(391.9 | ) | (4.4 | ) | (431.7 | ) | (6.0 | ) | ||||||||
Net gain on extinguishments of long-term debt |
2.0 | | | | ||||||||||||
Other income, net |
0.2 | | 2.4 | | ||||||||||||
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Loss before income taxes |
(37.0 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (461.2 | ) | (6.4 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax benefit |
7.8 | 0.1 | 87.8 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||
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Net loss |
$ | (29.2 | ) | (0.3 | )% | $ | (373.4 | ) | (5.2 | )% | ||||||
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Net sales
The following table presents our net sales by segment, in dollars and as a percentage of total net sales, and the year-over-year dollar and percentage change in net sales for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
Year Ended December 31, 2009 |
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Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
Dollars in Millions |
Percentage of Net Sales |
Dollar Change |
Percent Change (1) |
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Corporate |
$ | 4,833.6 | 54.9 | % | $ | 3,818.2 | 53.3 | % | $ | 1,015.4 | 26.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Public |
3,560.6 | 40.5 | 3,035.5 | 42.4 | 525.1 | 17.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other |
407.0 | 4.6 | 308.9 | 4.3 | 98.0 | 31.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total net sales |
$ | 8,801.2 | 100.0 | % | $ | 7,162.6 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,638.5 | 22.9 | % | ||||||||||||
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(1) | There were 254 selling days in both the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. |
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The following table presents our net sales by customer channel for our Corporate and Public segments and the dollar and percentage change between periods in net sales for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2010 | 2009 | Dollar Change | Percent Change | ||||||||||||
Corporate: |
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Medium / Large |
$ | 3,867.3 | $ | 3,014.8 | $ | 852.5 | 28.3 | % | ||||||||
Small Business |
966.3 | 803.4 | 162.9 | 20.3 | ||||||||||||
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Total Corporate |
$ | 4,833.6 | $ | 3,818.2 | $ | 1,015.4 | 26.6 | % | ||||||||
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Public: |
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Government |
$ | 1,368.6 | $ | 1,270.7 | $ | 97.9 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||
Education |
1,200.6 | 1,040.5 | 160.1 | 15.4 | ||||||||||||
Healthcare |
991.4 | 724.3 | 267.1 | 36.9 | ||||||||||||
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Total Public |
$ | 3,560.6 | $ | 3,035.5 | $ | 525.1 | 17.3 | % | ||||||||
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Total net sales in 2010 increased $1,638.5 million, or 22.9%, to $8,801.2 million, compared to $7,162.6 million in 2009. There were 254 selling days in both 2010 and 2009. The increase in total net sales was the result of general growth and increased demand in the information technology industry overall, in addition to our focus on growing our market share. The most significant driver of sales growth in 2010 was the rebound by our Corporate segment, which was significantly impacted by the economic downturn in the U.S. that began in late 2008 and continued through 2009.
Corporate segment net sales in 2010 increased $1,015.4 million, or 26.6%, compared to 2009. Within our Corporate segment, net sales to medium / large customers increased 28.3% between years, while net sales to small business customers increased 20.3%. These increases were driven by hardware unit volume growth, most notably in notebook/mobile devices and desktop computers, as we benefited from increased demand during 2010 from our Corporate segment customers who had generally postponed spending on information technology in 2009 as a result of the economic downturn. Public segment net sales in 2010 increased $525.1 million, or 17.3%, between years driven by growth across all customer channels. Within our Public segment, sales to government customers increased 7.7% between years, but at a lesser rate than other channels, as Federal sales in 2009 included a relatively high volume of large one-time orders. Net sales to healthcare customers increased $267.1 million, or 36.9%, between years driven by volume increases and additional sales resulting from an expanded relationship with a group purchasing organization beginning in the fourth quarter of 2009.
Gross profit
Gross profit increased $258.0 million, or 22.8%, to $1,390.8 million in 2010, compared to $1,132.9 million in 2009, which reflected increased sales across our hardware, software and services categories. The increase in gross profit dollars was driven primarily by unit growth and favorable price/mix within the hardware sales category. Consolidated product margin remained relatively flat between years, as sustained competitive pressures in the marketplace continued to impact average selling prices. As a percentage of total net sales, gross profit was 15.8% in both 2010 and 2009. Vendor funding, including purchase discounts, volume rebates and cooperative advertising, increased in 2010, but was relatively flat as a percentage of net sales between years. Gross margin was favorably impacted by higher volume rebates both in terms of dollars and as a percentage of sales, largely offset by the impact of lower cooperative advertising income as a percentage of sales. Following the first quarter of 2010, gross profit margin by quarter improved on a year-over-year basis, as general economic conditions improved.
The gross profit margin may fluctuate based on various factors, including vendor incentive and inventory price protection programs, cooperative advertising funds classified as a reduction of cost of sales, product mix, net service contract revenue, commission revenue, pricing strategies, market conditions and other factors, any of which could result in changes in gross profit margins.
Selling and administrative expenses
Selling and administrative expenses increased $111.0 million, or 13.5%, to $932.1 million in 2010, compared to $821.1 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to higher payroll costs of $100.6 million as a result of higher sales compensation and increases in other variable compensation costs such as incentive bonuses consistent with higher sales and gross profit. In addition, coworker-related costs increased $15.5 million in 2010 compared to 2009,
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primarily due to an increase of $11.9 million in profit sharing/401(k) costs, while travel and entertainment expense increased $2.5 million and sales and use tax expense increased $2.1 million. These increases were partially offset by lower depreciation expense of $8.2 million and lower bad debt expense of $3.0 million in 2010 compared to 2009. Throughout 2010, we continued to cautiously make selective investments in our coworkers as our outlook improved. Our sales force increased to 3,405 coworkers at December 31, 2010, compared to 3,307 coworkers at December 31, 2009, and total coworker count also increased to 6,268 coworkers at December 31, 2010, compared to 6,173 coworkers at December 31, 2009.
Advertising expense
Advertising expense increased $4.0 million, or 4.0%, to $106.0 million in 2010, compared to $101.9 million in 2009. Increased expenses related to the production of a new advertising campaign, e-commerce support and customer-focused marketing events were partially offset by decreased spending in catalog production and circulation. As a percentage of net sales, advertising expense was 1.2% in 2010, compared to 1.4% in 2009.
Goodwill impairment
We did not record any goodwill impairment charges in 2010, as we performed and passed the annual evaluation of goodwill as of December 1, 2010. The goodwill balances at December 31, 2010 for our Corporate, Public and Other segments were $1,223.0 million, $907.3 million and $78.8 million, respectively.
We recorded goodwill impairment charges of $241.8 million in 2009. Continued deterioration in macroeconomic conditions and the overall decline in our net sales during the first half of 2009 indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value of certain of our reporting units was reduced to below the respective carrying amount. We considered this a triggering event under GAAP and performed an interim evaluation of goodwill as of June 1, 2009. As a result of that goodwill impairment evaluation, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $235.0 million in the second quarter of 2009. This charge was comprised of $207.0 million for our Corporate segment, or 14% of the total goodwill for that segment, and $28.0 million for the CDW Advanced Services business, or 38% of the total goodwill for that operating segment. In addition to the goodwill evaluation noted above, we recorded $6.8 million of goodwill in the fourth quarter of 2009 for certain trade credits for periods prior to the Acquisition which was immediately impaired upon recognition.
Income (loss) from operations
The following table presents income (loss) from operations by segment, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, and the year-over-year percentage change in income (loss) from operations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
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Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
Year Ended December 31, 2009 |
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Dollars in Millions |
Operating Margin Percentage |
Dollars in Millions |
Operating Margin Percentage |
Percent Change in Income (Loss) from Operations |
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Segments: (1) |
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Corporate |
$ | 256.2 | 5.3 | % | $ | (56.7 | ) | (1.5 | )% | 551.8 | % | |||||||||
Public |
193.0 | 5.4 | 150.7 | 5.0 | 28.0 | |||||||||||||||
Other |
14.3 | 3.5 | (23.2 | ) | (7.5 | ) | 161.6 | |||||||||||||
Headquarters (2) |
(110.8 | ) | nm | (102.7 | ) | nm | (7.8 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Total income (loss) from operations |
$ | 352.7 | 4.0 | % | $ | (31.9 | ) | (0.4 | )% | 1,205.3 | % | |||||||||
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Goodwill impairment included in loss from operations: |
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Corporate |
$ | | | % | $ | (212.4 | ) | (5.6 | )% | nm | ||||||||||
Public |
| | (1.1 | ) | | nm | ||||||||||||||
Other |
| | (28.3 | ) | (9.2 | ) | nm | |||||||||||||
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Total goodwill impairment |
$ | | | % | $ | (241.8 | ) | (3.4 | )% | nm | ||||||||||
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(1) | Segment income (loss) from operations includes the segments direct operating income (loss) and allocations for Headquarters costs, allocations for logistics services, certain inventory adjustments and volume rebates and cooperative advertising from vendors. |
(2) | Includes Headquarters function costs that are not allocated to the segments. |
Income from operations was $352.7 million in 2010, an increase of $384.6 million compared to a loss from operations of $31.9 million in 2009. This increase was primarily due to the prior period containing the previously discussed goodwill impairment charge of $241.8 million. Excluding the goodwill impairment charge, operating income increased $142.9 million, or 68.1% in 2010, compared to 2009. This increase was driven by higher net sales and gross profit dollars, partially offset by higher selling and administrative expenses, although we continued to contain our selling and administrative expenses through tight cost control.
Corporate segment income from operations was $256.2 million in 2010, an increase of $313.0 million compared to a loss from operations of $56.7 million in 2009. The operating loss in 2009 was due to the goodwill impairment charge of $212.4 million. Excluding the goodwill impairment charge, Corporate segment income from operations increased $100.6 million, or 64.6%, between years. The most significant driver of our Corporate segments increase in operating income between years was the rebound in net sales, which increased 26.6% in 2010 compared to 2009 following the economic downturn. The combination of the increased net sales and the associated gross profit dollars along with continued control of selling and administrative costs increased operating income by $60.8 million. Selling and administrative expenses were lower as a percentage of net sales in 2010 compared to 2009 despite the increased investment in coworkers discussed above. In addition, our Corporate segment income from operations benefited in 2010 from an increase of $46.0 million in income allocations from our logistics operations compared to 2009. The improved profitability of our logistics operations was driven by increased operating leverage given higher purchase volumes in 2010 while support structure costs decreased between years. Partially offsetting the above items was an increase in Headquarters allocations of $6.2 million.
Public segment income from operations was $193.0 million in 2010, an increase of $42.3 million, or 28.0%, compared to $150.7 million in 2009. This increase reflected higher operating income of $20.4 million as a result of higher net sales and gross profit dollars, while continuing to control selling and administrative costs. Selling and administrative expenses were lower as a percentage of net sales in 2010 compared to 2009 despite the increased investment in coworkers discussed above. In addition, our Public segment income from operations benefited in 2010 from an increase of $28.9 million in income allocations from our logistics operations compared to 2009. Partially offsetting the above items was an increase in Headquarters allocations of $7.0 million.
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The income from operations within our Other segment was $14.3 million in 2010, compared to a loss from operations of $23.2 million in 2009. The operating loss for 2009 was a result of the goodwill impairment charge of $28.3 million for the CDW Advanced Services business.
The loss from operations for our Headquarters function of $110.8 million was $8.1 million higher than the loss of $102.7 million in 2009. The incremental loss of $8.1 million in 2010 reflected an increase in costs of $23.0 million, partially offset by higher intercompany allocations to the operating segments of $14.9 million. The $23.0 million cost increase in 2010 was driven by additional investments in coworkers primarily related to incentive compensation and profit sharing/401(k).
Interest expense, net
At December 31, 2010, our outstanding long-term debt, excluding capital leases, totaled $4,289.1 million. Net interest expense was $391.9 million in 2010, compared to $431.7 million in 2009. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the year-over-year change in the net non-cash impact of hedge ineffectiveness recorded in interest expense on the interest rate swap agreements which resulted in a gain of $25.8 million in 2010, compared to a loss of $28.7 million in 2009. Also contributing to the decrease were lower average outstanding debt balances during 2010 compared to 2009. Partially offsetting these items was a higher interest rate on the Term Loan Facility as a result of the November 2009 amendment to this facility and increased expense due to changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements.
Net gain on extinguishments of long-term debt
We recorded a net gain of $2.0 million on the extinguishment of long-term debt resulting from two transactions during 2010.
In March 2010, we repurchased $28.5 million of principal amount of Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans for a purchase price of $18.6 million. We recorded a gain of $9.2 million on the extinguishment of this debt in our consolidated statement of operations during the first quarter of 2010. The gain represents the difference between the purchase price, including expenses paid to the debt holders and agent, and the net carrying amount of the purchased debt, adjusted for a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs. The $28.5 million in principal amount of loans was exchanged for increasing rate notes and subsequently surrendered to the indenture trustee for cancellation.
In December 2010, we extinguished $500.0 million of the outstanding principal balance of our Term Loan Facility funded by proceeds from the issuance of Senior Secured Notes. We recorded a loss of $7.2 million on the extinguishment of this debt in our consolidated statement of operations during the fourth quarter of 2010. This loss represents a write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs on the Term Loan Facility. There was no additional gain or loss resulting from the paydown of the debt balance, as the cash paid equaled the principal amount of the debt extinguished.
Income tax benefit
The income tax benefit was $7.8 million in 2010, compared to $87.8 million in 2009. The effective income tax rate, expressed by calculating the income tax benefit as a percentage of loss before income taxes, was 21.1% in 2010, compared to 19.0% in 2009. The change in the effective rate from 2009 to 2010 was due to the nondeductible goodwill charge in 2009 and a relatively higher impact on the effective tax rate of permanent items in 2010 due to the relatively small pre-tax loss. In addition, state taxes in 2010 were higher due to changes in state rates and apportionment.
Net loss
The net loss was $29.2 million in 2010, compared to a net loss of $373.4 million in 2009. The year-over-year change was primarily due to the impairment charges discussed above.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA was $601.8 million in 2010, an increase of $136.5 million, or 29.3%, compared to $465.4 million in 2009. As a percentage of net sales, Adjusted EBITDA was 6.8% in 2010, compared to 6.5% in 2009.
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We have included a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for 2010 and 2009 in the table below. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA, which is a measure defined in our Senior Credit Facilities, means EBITDA adjusted for certain items which are described in the table below. Both EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a companys performance, financial position or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide helpful information with respect to our operating performance and cash flows including our ability to meet our future debt service, capital expenditures and working capital requirements. Adjusted EBITDA also provides helpful information as it is the primary measure used in certain financial covenants contained in our Senior Credit Facilities. See Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data for a reconciliation of EBITDA to cash flows from operating activities.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
(in millions) | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
Net loss |
$ | (29.2 | ) | $ | (373.4 | ) | ||
Depreciation and amortization |
209.4 | 218.2 | ||||||
Income tax benefit |
(7.8 | ) | (87.8 | ) | ||||
Interest expense, net |
391.9 | 431.7 | ||||||
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EBITDA |
564.3 | 188.7 | ||||||
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Adjustments: |
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Goodwill impairment |
| 241.8 | ||||||
Non-cash equity-based compensation |
11.5 | 15.9 | ||||||
Sponsor fee |
5.0 | 5.0 | ||||||
Consulting and debt-related professional fees |
15.1 | 14.1 | ||||||
Net gain on extinguishments of long-term debt |
(2.0 | ) | | |||||
Other adjustments (1) |
7.9 | (0.1 | ) | |||||
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Total adjustments |
37.5 | 276.7 | ||||||
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Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 601.8 | $ | 465.4 | ||||
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(1) | Other adjustments include certain severance and retention costs, equity investment income and the gain related to the sale of Informacast software and equipment in 2009. |
Seasonality
While we have not historically experienced significant seasonality throughout the year, sales in our Corporate segment, which primarily serves business customers, are typically higher in the fourth quarter than in other quarters due to customers spending their remaining technology budget dollars at the end of the year. Additionally, sales in our Public segment have historically been higher in the third quarter than in other quarters primarily due to the buying patterns of the federal government.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We finance our operations and capital expenditures through a combination of internally generated cash from operations and from borrowings under our ABL Facility. We believe that our current sources of funds will be sufficient to fund our cash operating requirements for the next year. In addition, we believe that, in spite of the uncertainty of future macroeconomic conditions, we have adequate sources of liquidity and funding available to meet our longer-term needs. However, there are a number of factors that may negatively impact our available sources of funds. The amount of cash generated from operations will be dependent upon factors such as the successful execution of our business plan and general economic conditions.
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Cash Flows
We have revised our consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. See Notes 1 and 20 to the Audited Financial Statements included in this prospectus for further information.
Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities were as follows:
Years
Ended December 31, |
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(in millions) | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in): |
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Operating activities |
$ | 214.7 | $ | 423.7 | $ | 107.6 | ||||||
Investing activities |
(56.0 | ) | (125.4 | ) | (82.6 | ) | ||||||
Financing activities |
(95.4 | ) | (350.1 | ) | (31.9 | ) | ||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
| 0.4 | 0.5 | |||||||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 63.3 | $ | (51.4 | ) | $ | (6.4 | ) | ||||
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Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2011 decreased $209.0 million compared to 2010. The decrease was primarily driven by the changes in assets and liabilities, resulting in a $323.6 million reduction in cash between years. For 2011, the changes in assets and liabilities, excluding cash and cash equivalents, reduced cash by $158.3 million compared to a cash contribution of $165.3 million in 2010. The most significant driver of the cash contribution in 2010 was an increase in accounts payable-trade of $269.3 million as we reduced the amount of accelerated payments we made in exchange for early pay discounts at December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year. Accounts payable-trade decreased $19.8 million in 2011 compared to 2010, resulting in a relatively small reduction in cash. Cash flow from operating activities was further reduced by $83.7 million in 2011 compared to 2010 following an increase in accounts receivable between years driven by higher fourth quarter net sales in 2011. During 2011, we collected $53.3 million in cash tax refunds which reduced other assets between years, resulting in an increase in cash flow from operating activities. Net income, including the impact of non-cash items such as gains and losses on extinguishment of long-term debt, increased $114.6 million between years reflecting our improved operating results in 2011.
Net cash provided by operating activities for 2010 increased $316.1 million compared to 2009. This increase was primarily driven by the changes in assets and liabilities between years. For 2010, the changes in assets and liabilities, excluding cash and cash equivalents, contributed $165.3 million to cash compared to changes in assets and liabilities for 2009 that decreased cash by $18.0 million. The changes in assets and liabilities were primarily due to an increase in accounts payable-trade as we reduced the amount of accelerated payments we made in exchange for early pay discounts at December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year. Accounts payable-trade also increased more significantly in 2010 compared to the prior year to support the growth of the business and increased inventory levels. Net income, including the impact of non-cash items, also increased $132.8 million between years given the improved operating performance in 2010.
In order to manage our working capital and operating cash needs, we monitor our cash conversion cycle, defined as days of sales outstanding in accounts receivable plus days of supply in inventory, less days of purchases outstanding in accounts payable. The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle:
December 31, | ||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||
Days of sales outstanding (DSO) (1) |
44 | 43 | 46 | |||||||||
Days of supply in inventory (DIO) (2) |
15 | 15 | 15 | |||||||||
Days of purchases outstanding (DPO) (3) |
(32 | ) | (26 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||||
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Cash conversion cycle |
27 | 32 | 41 | |||||||||
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(1) | Represents the rolling three month average of the balance of trade accounts receivable, net at the end of the period divided by average daily net sales. Also incorporates components of other miscellaneous receivables. |
(2) | Represents the rolling three month average of the balance of inventory at the end of the period divided by average daily cost of goods sold. |
(3) | Represents the rolling three month average of the combined balance of accounts payable-trade, excluding cash overdrafts, and accounts payable-inventory financing at the end of the period divided by average daily cost of goods sold. |
The cash conversion cycle decreased to 27 days at December 31, 2011 compared to 32 days at December 31, 2010, driven by a six-day increase in DPO. The increase in DPO reflects a higher combined balance of accounts payable-trade and accounts payable-inventory financing at December 31, 2011 compared to December 31, 2010 as purchase volumes increased to support higher net sales and we received more favorable payment terms for payables related to certain vendors. The one-day increase in DSO primarily reflects our overall sales growth and a higher proportion of government sales in the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to the same period in 2010.
The cash conversion cycle decreased to 32 days at December 31, 2010 compared to 41 days at December 31, 2009. This decrease was primarily due to a six-day increase in DPO reflecting a higher accounts payable balance as we reduced the amount of accelerated payments we made in exchange for early pay discounts at December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year end. A three-day decrease in DSO, due primarily to lower federal government sales within the Public segment, also contributed to the decrease in the cash conversion cycle.
For tax purposes, we were deemed to have paid a redemption premium in connection with the amendment to the Term Loan Facility in December 2010 that, in addition to certain expenses, we deducted in determining taxable income. As a result, we incurred a net operating loss for tax purposes that resulted in a receivable of $53.3 million for refunds of previously paid income taxes. As of December 31, 2011, we had received the full amount of the refunds.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in 2011 decreased $69.4 million compared to 2010. This decline was primarily due to a reduction in cash payments between years of $71.5 million under our interest rate swap agreements, as the $6.6 million paid in 2011 reflected the final payment upon termination of the swap agreements on January 14, 2011. Capital expenditures were $45.7 million for 2011 and $41.5 million for 2010, primarily for improvements to our information technology systems during both years. During 2011 and 2010, we paid $3.7 million and $5.9 million, respectively, for new interest rate cap agreements.
Net cash used in investing activities in 2010 increased $42.8 million compared to 2009. This was primarily due to an increase of $25.9 million in capital expenditures in 2010 compared to 2009. Capital expenditures in 2010 consisted mainly of improvements to our information technology systems. In addition, cash payments under our interest rate swap agreements in 2010 increased $6.0 million, as a result of increases in the spread between the variable rate of the underlying debt and the fixed rate of the swap agreements. We made premium payments totaling $5.9 million during 2010 for four forward-starting interest rate cap agreements. During 2009, we received cash proceeds of $5.2 million from the sale of the Informacast assets.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $254.7 million in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily driven by higher cash contributions of $247.3 million from accounts payable-inventory financing. As discussed below under the caption Inventory Financing Arrangements, in June 2011 we entered into a new inventory financing agreement with a financial intermediary to facilitate the purchase of inventory from a certain vendor. Inventory purchases from this vendor under the new agreement are included in accounts payable-inventory financing and reported as cash flows from financing activities. A combination of the increase in overall purchase volume under inventory financing agreements to support higher net sales in 2011 along with more favorable payment terms under the new inventory financing agreement drove the majority of the increase in cash flows from financing activities during 2011 compared to 2010. The net impact of our debt transactions resulted in cash outflows of $346.4 million during 2011 compared to cash outflows of $352.7 million during 2010.
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Net cash used in financing activities increased $318.2 million for 2010 compared to 2009. This change was primarily due to net repayments of $303.3 million that reduced our outstanding balance under our ABL Facility. We did not make any repayments under that facility in 2009.
Long-Term Debt and Financing Arrangements
Long-term debt, excluding capital leases, was as follows:
(in millions) | December 31, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
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ABL Facility |
$ | | $ | 188.1 | ||||
Term Loan Facility |
1,540.5 | 1,672.5 | ||||||
Senior Secured Notes |
500.0 | 500.0 | ||||||
Senior Notes |
1,175.0 | | ||||||
Senior Bridge Loans and Existing Senior Notes |
129.0 | 1,207.0 | ||||||
Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans and Existing Senior Subordinated Notes |
721.5 | 721.5 | ||||||
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Total long-term debt |
4,066.0 | 4,289.1 | ||||||
Less current maturities of long-term debt |
(201.0 | ) | (132.0 | ) | ||||
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Long-term debt, excluding current maturities |
$ | 3,865.0 | $ | 4,157.1 | ||||
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As of December 31, 2011, we were in compliance with the covenants under our various credit facilities, which are described below.
ABL Facility
At December 31, 2011, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility, $1.7 million of undrawn letters of credit and $219.0 million reserved related to the floorplan sub-facility.
On June 24, 2011, we entered into the ABL Facility, a new five-year $900.0 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility, with the facility being available to us for borrowings, issuance of letters of credit and floorplan financing for certain vendor products. The ABL Facility matures on June 24, 2016, subject to an acceleration provision discussed below. The ABL Facility replaced our previous revolving loan credit facility that was to mature on October 12, 2012. The ABL Facility (i) increased the overall revolving credit facility capacity available to us from $800.0 million to $900.0 million, (ii) increased the maximum aggregate amount of increases that may be made to the ABL Facility from $100.0 million to $200.0 million, (iii) added a maturity acceleration provision based upon excess cash availability whereby the ABL Facility may mature 45 days prior to both the maturity of the non-extended portion of our Term Loan Facility and the maturity of our Existing Senior Notes, if excess cash availability does not exceed the outstanding borrowings of the subject maturing debt at the time of the test plus $150 million, (iv) increased the fee on the unused portion of the ABL Facility from 25 basis points to either 37.5 or 50 basis points, depending on the amount of utilization, (v) increased the applicable interest rate margin, and (vi) incorporated a $300.0 million floorplan sub-facility, which was increased to $400.0 million on August 2, 2011. In connection with the termination of the previous facility, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of $1.6 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011, representing a write-off of a portion of unamortized deferred financing costs. Fees of $7.2 million related to the ABL Facility were capitalized as deferred financing costs and are being amortized over the term of the facility on a straight-line basis.
As described in Note 5 to the Audited Financial Statements, in connection with the floorplan sub-facility, we entered into an inventory financing agreement on an unsecured basis with a financial intermediary to facilitate the purchase of inventory from this vendor (the ABL Facility financing agreement). Amounts outstanding under the
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ABL Facility financing agreement are unsecured and non-interest bearing. We will either pay the outstanding ABL Facility financing agreement amounts when they become due, or the ABL Facilitys administrative agent will automatically initiate an advance on the ABL Facility and use the proceeds to pay the balance on the due date. As of December 31, 2011, we owed the financial intermediary $212.2 million under the ABL Facility financing agreement, which excludes $6.8 million in reserves for open orders that reduce the availability under the ABL Facility. The total amount reported on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable inventory financing related to the ABL Facility financing agreement includes $212.2 million owed to the financial intermediary and $28.5 million accrued for product in transit. Changes in cash flows from the ABL Facility financing agreement are reported in financing activities on our consolidated statement of cash flows.
Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at a variable interest rate plus an applicable margin. The variable interest rate is based on one of two indices, either (i) LIBOR, or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (ABR) with the ABR being the greatest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points or (c) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.00%. The applicable margin varies (2.00% to 2.50% for LIBOR borrowings and 1.00% to 1.50% for ABR borrowings) depending upon our average daily excess cash availability under the agreement and after September 30, 2011 is subject to a reduction of 0.25% if, and for as long as, the senior secured leverage ratio is less than 3.0. The senior secured leverage ratio is defined as the ratio of senior secured debt (including amounts owed under certain inventory floorplan arrangements and capital leases) less cash and cash equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, for the four most recently ended fiscal quarters. The margins on the previous revolving loan credit facility varied from 1.00% to 1.75% for LIBOR borrowings and 0.00% to 0.75% for ABR borrowings.
Availability under the ABL Facility is limited to (a) the lesser of the revolving commitment of $900.0 million and the amount of the borrowing base less (b) outstanding borrowings, letters of credit, and amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility financing agreement plus a reserve of 15% of open orders. The borrowing base is (a) the sum of the products of the applicable advance rates on eligible accounts receivable and on eligible inventory as defined in the agreement less (b) any reserves. At December 31, 2011, the borrowing base was $1,072.1 million as supported by eligible inventory and accounts receivable balances as of November 30, 2011. We could have borrowed up to an additional $679.3 million under the ABL Facility at December 31, 2011.
CDW LLC is the borrower under the ABL Facility. All obligations under the ABL Facility are guaranteed by Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries. Borrowings under the ABL Facility are collateralized by a first priority interest in inventory (excluding inventory collateralized under the inventory floorplan arrangements as described in Note 5 to the Audited Financial Statements), deposits, and accounts receivable, and a second priority interest in substantially all other assets. The ABL Facility contains negative covenants that, among other things, place restrictions and limitations on the ability of Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make distributions or other restricted payments, create liens, make equity or debt investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. The ABL Facility also includes maintenance of a minimum average daily excess cash availability requirement. Should we fall below the minimum average daily excess cash availability requirement for five consecutive business days, we become subject to a fixed charge coverage ratio until such time as the daily excess cash availability requirement is met for 30 consecutive business days.
Term Loan Facility
At December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal amount of our Term Loan Facility was $1,540.5 million, with $484.5 million of non-extended loans and $1,056.0 million of Extended Loans. The effective weighted-average interest rate on Term Loan Facility principal amounts outstanding on December 31, 2011 was 3.98% per annum. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the effective weighted-average interest rate without giving effect to the interest rate swap agreements (see Note 8 to the Audited Financial Statements) was 4.34% per annum, and the effective weighted-average interest rate including the effect of the interest rate swap agreements was 4.51% per annum. The interest rate swap agreements terminated on January 14, 2011.
Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at either (a) the ABR plus a margin; or (b) LIBOR plus a margin. The margin is based on our senior secured leverage ratio, as defined in the amended agreement evidencing the Term Loan Facility. Effective with the March 2011 amendment discussed below, the margins were
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reduced on Extended Loans. For ABR borrowings, the applicable margin varies within a range of 2.50% to 3.00% for non-extended loans and 1.75% to 2.25% for Extended Loans. For LIBOR borrowings, the applicable margin varies within a range of 3.50% to 4.00% for non-extended loans and 2.75% to 3.25% for Extended Loans. The non-extended loans under the Term Loan Facility mature on October 10, 2014. The Extended Loans mature on July 15, 2017. The maturity of the Extended Loans was subject to acceleration to July 15, 2015 if, as of July 14, 2015, (i) the senior secured leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00 and (ii) the outstanding principal amount of Existing Senior Notes with a maturity date of October 12, 2015 is greater than or equal to $500.0 million. We completed a cash tender offer and follow-on cash tender offer in 2011 (described below) and, as a result of the reduction in the outstanding balances of the Existing Senior Notes, the maturity of the Extended Loans will not be accelerated by reason of this provision.
On March 11, 2011, we entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Facility, which became effective on March 14, 2011. This amendment, among other things: (i) reduced the margins with respect to Extended Loans, (ii) established a LIBOR floor of 1.25% and an ABR floor of 2.25% with respect to Extended Loans, (iii) reset the start date for accumulating restricted payments that count against the general limit of $25.0 million and (iv) provided a 1% prepayment premium for certain repayments or repricings of any Extended Loans for the six-month period following the effective date of the amendment. In connection with this amendment, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of $3.2 million in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011. This loss represents a write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Term Loan Facility.
The Term Loan Facility requires us to make certain mandatory prepayments of principal amounts under certain circumstances, including (i) a prepayment in an amount equal to 50% of our excess cash flow for a fiscal year (the percentage rate of which can decrease based upon the total net leverage ratio as defined in the governing agreement), and (ii) the net cash proceeds from the incurrence of certain additional indebtedness by us or our subsidiaries. Excess cash flow is defined as Adjusted EBITDA, plus items such as reductions in working capital, less items such as increases in working capital, certain taxes paid in cash, interest that will be paid in cash, capital expenditures and repayment of long-term indebtedness. On March 16, 2011, we made a mandatory prepayment of $132.0 million with respect to the year ended December 31, 2010 under the excess cash flow provision, and on March 14, 2012, we made another mandatory prepayment of $21.0 million with respect to the year ended December 31, 2011 under the excess cash flow provision. On February 2, 2012, we made an optional prepayment of $120.0 million aggregate principal amount, and on February 14, 2012, we made an additional optional prepayment of $60.0 million aggregate principal amount. The prepayments were allocated on a pro rata basis between the Extended Loans and non-extended loans. The optional prepayments reduced the amount of the required excess cash flow payment on a dollar-for-dollar basis.
CDW LLC is the borrower under the Term Loan Facility. All obligations under the Term Loan Facility are guaranteed by Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries. The Term Loan Facility is collateralized by a second priority interest in substantially all inventory (excluding inventory collateralized under the inventory floorplan arrangements as described in Note 5 to the Audited Financial Statements), deposits, and accounts receivable, and by a first priority interest in substantially all other assets. The Term Loan Facility contains negative covenants that, among other things, place restrictions and limitations on the ability of Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make distributions or other restricted payments, create liens, make equity or debt investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates.
The Term Loan Facility also includes a senior secured leverage ratio requirement. The senior secured leverage ratio is required to be maintained on a quarterly basis and is defined as the ratio of senior secured debt (including amounts owed under certain inventory floorplan arrangements and capital leases) less cash and cash equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, for the most recently ended four fiscal quarters. Compliance may be determined after giving effect to a designated equity contribution to the Company to be included in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. The senior secured leverage ratio for the four quarters ended December 31, 2011 was required to be at or below 7.25. For the four quarters ended December 31, 2011, the senior secured leverage ratio was 2.7. The senior secured leverage ratio is a material component of the Term Loan Facility. Non-compliance with the senior secured leverage ratio requirement would result in a default under the credit agreement governing the Term Loan Facility and could prevent us from borrowing under our ABL Facility. If there were an event of default
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under the credit agreement governing the Term Loan Facility that was not cured or waived, the lenders under the Term Loan Facility could cause all amounts outstanding under the Term Loan Facility to be due and payable immediately, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position and cash flows. For a discussion of net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities, see Liquidity and Capital ResourcesCash Flows. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, see Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data.
We are required to maintain an interest rate hedge to fix or cap the interest rate on at least 50% of the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan Facility through maturity, subject to certain limitations currently in effect. With the interest rate cap agreements in effect at December 31, 2011 as described in Note 8 to the Audited Financial Statements, we expect to be in compliance with this requirement through January 14, 2013.
Senior Secured Notes
The Senior Secured Notes were issued on December 17, 2010 and will mature on December 15, 2018. At December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes was $500.0 million.
CDW LLC and CDW Finance are the co-issuers of the Senior Secured Notes and the obligations under the notes are guaranteed by Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries. The Senior Secured Notes are secured on a pari passu basis with the Term Loan Facility by a second priority interest in substantially all inventory (excluding inventory collateralized under the inventory floorplan arrangements as described in Note 5 to the Audited Financial Statements), deposits, and accounts receivable, and by a first priority interest in substantially all other assets. The indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes contains negative covenants that, among other things, place restrictions and limitations on the ability of Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make distributions or other restricted payments, create liens, make equity or debt investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. The indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes does not contain any financial covenants.
Existing Senior Notes
At December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal amount of our Existing Senior Notes was $129.0 million. The Existing Senior Notes have a maturity date of October 12, 2015. The Existing Senior Notes are comprised of $49.3 million of Existing Senior Cash Pay Notes and $79.7 million of Existing Senior PIK Election Notes. We are required to pay cash interest on the outstanding principal of the Existing Senior Cash Pay Notes. For Existing Senior PIK Election Notes, we paid cash interest for the interest period April 15, 2011 through October 15, 2011 and are required to pay cash interest on the outstanding principal of the Existing Senior PIK Election Notes for the remaining interest periods through maturity.
On April 13, 2011, we completed a cash tender offer (the Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer) and purchased $665.1 million aggregate principal amount of the Existing Senior Notes comprised of $519.2 million of the Existing Senior Cash Pay Notes and $145.9 million of the Existing Senior PIK Election Notes. We concurrently issued $725.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes. The proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand and borrowings under the then-outstanding ABL Facility, were used to fund the purchase of the tendered Existing Senior Notes, including $665.1 million aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes, $59.9 million in tender offer premium and $36.5 million of accrued and unpaid interest, along with transaction fees and expenses.
On May 20, 2011, we completed a follow-on cash tender offer (the Follow-on Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer, and together with the Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer, the Existing Senior Notes Tender Offers) and purchased an additional $412.8 million aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes comprised of $321.4 million of the Existing Senior Cash Pay Notes and $91.4 million of the Existing Senior PIK Election Notes. We concurrently issued $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of additional Senior Notes. The proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand and borrowings under the then-outstanding ABL Facility, were used to fund the purchase of the tendered Existing Senior Notes, including $412.8 million aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes, $37.2 million in tender offer premium and $4.5 million of accrued and unpaid interest, along with transaction fees and expenses. The aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes outstanding following the Existing Senior Notes Tender Offers is $129.0 million. As a result, the maturity of Extended Loans under the Term Loan Facility will not be subject to acceleration on July 15, 2015 as described above.
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In connection with the Existing Senior Notes Tender Offers, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of $114.1 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2011. This loss represents $97.0 million in tender offer premiums and $17.1 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Existing Senior Notes. In connection with the issuance of Senior Notes, fees of $19.1 million were capitalized as deferred financing costs and are being amortized over the term of the notes using the effective interest method.
CDW LLC and CDW Finance are the co-issuers of the Existing Senior Notes. Obligations under the Existing Senior Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries that is a Guarantor under the Senior Credit Facilities. The indenture governing the Existing Senior Notes contains negative covenants that, among other things, place restrictions and limitations on the ability of Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make distributions or other restricted payments, create liens, make equity or debt investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. The indentures governing the Existing Senior Notes do not contain any financial covenants.
On February 2, 2012, we commenced a tender offer to purchase any and all of the remaining $129.0 million aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes. On February 17, 2012, we accepted for purchase $120.6 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Existing Senior Notes that were tendered. On March 5, 2012, we accepted for purchase an additional $0.1 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Existing Senior Notes that were tendered prior to the expiration of the tender offer on March 2, 2012. We also called for redemption and, on March 19, 2012, redeemed the remaining $8.3 million aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes that were not tendered. As of the date of this prospectus, there are no Existing Senior Notes outstanding. These transactions are described in further detail in Subsequent Events below.
Senior Notes
As discussed above, on April 13, 2011, we issued $725.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes and on May 20, 2011, we issued an additional $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes. The proceeds from these issuances together with cash on hand and borrowings under the then-outstanding ABL Facility were used to fund the Existing Senior Notes Tender Offers described above. The Senior Notes will mature on April 1, 2019. At December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Notes was $1,175.0 million.
CDW LLC and CDW Finance are the co-issuers of the Senior Notes. Obligations under the Senior Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries. The indenture governing our Senior Notes contains negative covenants that, among other things, place restrictions and limitations on the ability of Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make distributions or other restricted payments, create liens, make equity or debt investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. The indenture governing our Senior Notes does not contain any financial covenants.
On February 17, 2012, we issued an additional $130.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes at an issue price of 104.375% of par, as described in Subsequent Events below.
Existing Senior Subordinated Notes
At December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal amount of our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes was $721.5 million. The Existing Senior Subordinated Notes have a maturity date of October 12, 2017. On March 10, 2010, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries purchased $28.5 million of principal amount of Senior Subordinated Bridge Loans for a purchase price of $18.6 million. We recorded a gain on the extinguishment of long-term debt of $9.2 million on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 related to this repurchase. In May 2010, the $28.5 million in principal amount of loans that were repurchased were exchanged for increasing rate notes and subsequently surrendered to the indenture trustee for cancellation.
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CDW LLC and CDW Finance are the co-issuers of the Existing Senior Subordinated Notes. Obligations under the Existing Senior Subordinated Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured senior basis by Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries. The indenture governing our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes contains negative covenants that, among other things, place restrictions and limitations on the ability of Parent and each of CDW LLCs direct and indirect, wholly owned, domestic subsidiaries to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make distributions or other restricted payments, create liens, make equity or debt investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. The indenture governing our Existing Senior Subordinated Notes does not contain any financial covenants.
Inventory Financing Agreements
We have entered into agreements with certain financial intermediaries to facilitate the purchase of inventory from various suppliers under certain terms and conditions, as described below. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we owed a total of $278.7 million and $28.2 million, respectively, under these agreements. These amounts are classified separately as accounts payableinventory financing on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In June 2011, we entered into the new ABL Facility, which incorporates a $400.0 million floorplan sub-facility to facilitate the purchase of inventory from a certain vendor. In connection with the floorplan sub-facility, we entered the ABL Facility financing agreement. Amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility financing agreement are unsecured and non-interest bearing. At December 31, 2011, we owed $240.7 million under this agreement, including $28.5 million accrued for product in transit.
From time to time, we may enter into an agreement with a financial intermediary relating to the purchase of inventory from a supplier who has factored its receivables to the financial intermediary. Our obligations under these agreements are not collateralized. We do not incur any interest expense associated with these agreements as balances are paid when they are due. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we owed a financial intermediary $30.3 million and $18.6 million, respectively, under such an agreement.
At December 31, 2011, we had inventory floorplan arrangements in place allowing for a maximum credit line of $11.0 million collateralized by the inventory purchases under these floorplan arrangements financed by the financial intermediaries and a second lien on the related accounts receivable. We do not incur any interest expense associated with these agreements as balances are paid when they are due. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we owed the financial intermediaries $7.7 million and $9.6 million, respectively, under these inventory floorplan arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
We have future obligations under various contracts relating to debt and interest payments, operating leases and asset retirement obligations. The following table presents our estimated future payments under contractual obligations that existed as of December 31, 2011, based on undiscounted amounts.
(in millions) | Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | < 1 year | 1-3 years | 4-5 years | > 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
ABL Facility (1) |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Term Loan Facility (2) |
1,795.1 | 255.4 | 525.2 | 74.6 | 939.9 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Secured Notes (3) |
780.0 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 580.0 | |||||||||||||||
Existing Senior Notes (3) |
187.2 | 14.6 | 29.2 | 143.4 | | |||||||||||||||
Senior Notes (3) |
1,924.1 | 99.9 | 199.8 | 199.8 | 1,424.6 | |||||||||||||||
Existing Senior Subordinated Notes (3) |
1,263.4 | 90.4 | 180.9 | 180.9 | 811.2 | |||||||||||||||
Operating leases (4) |
118.5 | 17.5 | 35.1 | 29.2 | 36.7 | |||||||||||||||
Asset retirement obligations (5) |
0.5 | | | 0.5 | | |||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 6,068.8 | $ | 517.8 | $ | 1,050.2 | $ | 708.4 | $ | 3,792.4 | ||||||||||
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(1) | Includes only principal payments. Excludes interest payments and fees related to the ABL Facility because of variability with respect to the timing of advances and repayments. |
(2) | Includes future principal and cash interest payments on long-term borrowings through scheduled maturity dates. Interest payments for the variable rate debt were calculated using interest rates as of December 31, 2011. Excluded from these amounts are the amortization of debt issuance and other costs related to indebtedness. |
(3) | Includes future principal and cash interest payments on long-term borrowings through scheduled maturity dates. Interest on our Senior Secured Notes, Existing Senior Notes, Senior Notes and Existing Senior Subordinated Notes is calculated using the stated interest rate. Excluded from these amounts are the amortization of debt issuance and other costs related to indebtedness. See Subsequent Events for a description of refinancing transactions entered into in 2012. |
(4) | Includes the minimum lease payments for non-cancelable leases for properties and equipment used in our operations. |
(5) | Represent commitments to return property subject to operating leases to original condition upon lease termination. |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Commitments and Contingencies
We are party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including various pending litigation matters. We are also subject to audit by federal, state and local authorities, by various customers, including government agencies, relating to sales under certain contracts and by vendors. In addition, from time to time, certain of our customers file voluntary petitions for reorganization or liquidation under the U.S. bankruptcy laws. In such cases, certain pre-petition payments received by us could be considered preference items and subject to return to the bankruptcy administrator.
As of December 31, 2011, we do not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that any material loss exceeding the amounts already recognized for these proceedings and matters, if any, has been incurred. However, the ultimate resolutions of these proceedings and matters are inherently unpredictable. As such, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings or matters.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make use of certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
In Note 1 to the Audited Financial Statements, we include a discussion of the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We believe the following are the most critical accounting policies and estimates that include significant judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements. We consider an accounting policy or estimate to be critical if it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time they were made, and if changes in these assumptions could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
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Revenue Recognition
We are a primary distribution channel for a large group of vendors and suppliers, including OEMs, software publishers and wholesale distributors. We record revenue from sales transactions when title and risk of loss are passed to our customer, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement for sale, delivery has occurred and/or services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Our shipping terms typically specify F.O.B. destination, at which time title and risk of loss have passed to the customer.
Revenues from the sales of hardware products or software products and licenses are generally recognized on a gross basis with the selling price to the customer recorded as sales and the acquisition cost of the product recorded as cost of sales. These items can be delivered to customers in a variety of ways, including (i) as physical product shipped from our warehouse, (ii) via drop-shipment by the vendor, or (iii) via electronic delivery for software licenses. At the time of sale, we record an estimate for sales returns and allowances based on historical experience. Our vendor OEMs warrant most of the products we sell.
We leverage drop-ship arrangements with many of our vendors and suppliers to deliver products to our customers without having to physically hold the inventory at our warehouses, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing costs. We recognize revenue for drop-ship arrangements on a gross basis upon delivery to the customer with contract terms that typically specify F.O.B. destination. We recognize revenue on a gross basis as the principal in the transaction because we are the primary obligor in the arrangement, we assume inventory risk if the product is returned by the customer, we set the price of the product charged to the customer, we assume credit risk for the amounts invoiced, and we work closely with our customers to determine their hardware and software specifications. These arrangements generally represent approximately 20% to 30% of total net sales.
Revenue from professional services is either recognized as incurred for services billed at an hourly rate or recognized using the percentage of completion method for services provided at a fixed fee. Revenue for data center services, including internet connectivity, web hosting, server co-location and managed services, is recognized over the period service is provided.
We also sell certain products for which we act as an agent. Products in this category include the sale of third-party services, warranties or software assurance (SA). SA is an insurance or maintenance product that allows customers to upgrade, at no additional cost, to the latest technology if new applications are introduced during the period that the SA is in effect. These sales do not meet the criteria for gross sales recognition, and thus are recognized on a net basis at the time of sale. Under net sales recognition, the cost paid to the vendor or third-party service provider is recorded as a reduction to sales, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction.
Our larger customers are offered the opportunity by certain of our vendors to purchase software licenses and SA under enterprise agreements (EAs). Under EAs, customers are considered to be compliant with applicable license requirements for the ensuing year, regardless of changes to their employee base. Customers are charged an annual true-up fee for changes in the number of users over the year. With most EAs, our vendors will transfer the license and bill the customer directly, paying resellers such as us an agency fee or commission on these sales. We record these fees as a component of net sales as earned and there is no corresponding cost of sales amount. In certain instances, we bill the customer directly under an EA and account for the individual items sold based on the nature of the item. Our vendors typically dictate how the EA will be sold to the customer.
From time to time, we sell some of our products and services as part of bundled contract arrangements containing multiple deliverables, which may include a combination of the products and services. For each deliverable that represents a separate unit of accounting, revenue is allocated based upon the relative selling prices of each element as determined by our selling price for the deliverable when it is sold on a stand-alone basis.
We record freight billed to our customers as net sales and the related freight costs as a cost of sales. Vendor rebates are recorded over the period earned as a reduction of cost of sales. Price protection is recorded when earned as a reduction to cost of sales or merchandise inventory, as applicable.
Deferred revenue includes (1) payments received from customers in advance of providing the product or performing services, and (2) amounts deferred if other conditions of revenue recognition have not been met.
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We perform an analysis of the estimated number of days of sales in-transit to customers at the end of each period based on a weighted-average analysis of commercial delivery terms that includes drop-ship arrangements. This analysis is the basis upon which we estimate the amount of sales in-transit at the end of the period and adjust revenue and the related costs to reflect only what has been received by the customer. Changes in delivery patterns may result in a different number of business days used in making this adjustment and could have a material impact on our revenue recognition for the period.
Inventory Valuation
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using a weighted-average cost method. We decrease the value of inventory for estimated obsolescence equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value, based upon an aging analysis of the inventory on hand, specifically known inventory-related risks, and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If future demand or actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.
Vendor Programs
We receive incentives from certain of our vendors related to cooperative advertising allowances, volume rebates, bid programs, price protection and other programs. These incentives generally relate to written agreements with specified performance requirements with the vendors and are recorded as adjustments to cost of sales or advertising expense, as appropriate. Vendors may change the terms of some or all of these programs, which could have an impact on our results of operations.
We record receivables from vendors related to these programs when the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. Some programs are based on the achievement of specific targets, and we base our estimates on information provided by our vendors and internal information to assess our progress toward achieving those targets. If actual performance does not match our estimates, we may be required to adjust our receivables. We record reserves for vendor receivables for estimated losses due to vendors inability to pay or rejections by vendors of claims; however, if actual collections differ from our estimates, we may incur additional losses that could have a material impact on gross margin and operating income.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to periodic testing for impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units used to assess potential goodwill impairment are the same as our operating segments. We are required to perform an evaluation of goodwill on an annual basis or more frequently if circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The annual test for impairment is conducted as of December 1. Testing for impairment of goodwill is a two-step process. The first step compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill to determine the amount of impairment loss. Fair value of a reporting unit is determined by using a weighted combination of an income approach and a market approach, as this combination is considered the most indicative of the reporting units fair value in an orderly transaction between market participants. Under the income approach, we determine fair value based on estimated future cash flows of a reporting unit, discounted by an estimated weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk of a reporting unit and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn. Under the market approach, we utilize valuation multiples derived from publicly available information for peer group companies to provide an indication of how much a knowledgeable investor in the marketplace would be willing to pay for a company. We have weighted the income approach and the market approach at 75% and 25%, respectively.
Determining the fair value of a reporting unit (and the allocation of that fair value to individual assets and liabilities within the reporting unit to determine the implied fair value of goodwill in the event a step two analysis is required) is judgmental in nature and requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include primarily, but are not limited to, discount rate, terminal growth rate, selection of appropriate peer group companies and control premium applied, and forecasts of revenue growth rates, gross margins, operating margins, and working capital requirements. The allocation requires analysis to determine the fair value of assets and liabilities including, among others, customer relationships, trade names, and property and equipment. Any changes in the judgments, estimates, or assumptions used could produce significantly different results. Although we believe our assumptions are reasonable, actual results may vary significantly and may expose us to material impairment charges in the future.
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Intangible assets include customer relationships, trade names, internally developed software and other intangibles. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of software developed or obtained for internal use is capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software. These intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded for the excess of the assets carrying amount over its fair value.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We record an allowance for doubtful accounts related to trade accounts receivable for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We take into consideration historical loss experience, the overall quality of the receivable portfolio and specifically identified customer risks. If actual collections of customer receivables differ from our estimates, additional allowances may be required which could have an impact on our results of operations.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect the differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We perform an evaluation of the realizability of our deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. This evaluation requires us to use estimates and make assumptions and considers all positive and negative evidence and factors, such as the scheduled reversal of temporary differences, the mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
We account for unrecognized tax benefits based upon our assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. We report a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from unrecognized tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Testing Goodwill for Impairment
In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-08 which is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual goodwill impairment test by providing entities an option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If an entity concludes that it is more likely than not that a reporting units fair value is equal to or greater than its carrying amount using the qualitative assessment, the entity would not be required to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test for that reporting unit. This update is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011 with early adoption permitted. We plan to adopt the guidance on January 1, 2012 and do not expect the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Presentation of Comprehensive Income
In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05 which amends current guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income. The new guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of shareholders equity. It requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The guidance does not change the items which must be reported in other comprehensive income, how such items are measured or when they must be reclassified to net income.
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In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12 which defers certain provisions of ASU 2011-05, including the requirement within ASU 2011-05 to present reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income on the face of the financial statements.
The amendments in ASU 2011-05 and ASU 2011-12 are to be applied retrospectively and are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. As this guidance impacts presentation only, we do not expect the adoption of this guidance will have an impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Fair Value Measurements
In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04. The new guidance results in common principles and requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements in accordance with GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The new guidance does not extend the use of fair value accounting, but provides guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within GAAP or IFRS. This update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption prohibited for public entities. As this guidance only requires additional disclosure, we do not expect the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-06 to amend and expand the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The guidance requires new disclosures about transfers in and transfers out of Levels 1 and 2 fair value measurements and presentation of the activities within Level 3 fair value measurements (presented gross in a roll forward of activity). The guidance also clarifies existing disclosures about the level of disaggregation of fair value for each class of assets and liabilities and about inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Except for the disclosures in the roll forward of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, ASU 2010-06 was effective for us as of January 1, 2010. The disclosures in the roll forward of activity in Level 3 fair value measurements became effective for us as of January 1, 2011. As this guidance only required additional disclosure and we did not have any Level 3 fair value measurements, the adoption of ASU 2010-06 did not have an impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Revenue Arrangements
In October 2009, the FASB issued two ASUs to authoritative guidance on revenue arrangements. ASU 2009-13 modifies the criteria for separating consideration in multiple-deliverable arrangements, establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the relative selling price of a deliverable, eliminates the residual method of allocation and expands the disclosures related to multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. From time to time, we sell some of our products and services as part of bundled contract arrangements containing multiple deliverables, which may include a combination of products and services. For each deliverable that represents a separate unit of accounting, revenue is allocated based upon the relative selling prices of each element as determined by our selling price for the deliverable when it is sold on a stand-alone basis. We adopted the amended guidance in ASU 2009-13 on a prospective basis as of January 1, 2011. This adoption did not significantly change our units of accounting or the method we use to allocate revenue to separate units of accounting and consequently did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
ASU 2009-14 modifies the scope of authoritative guidance for revenue arrangements that include both tangible products and software elements to exclude from its requirements (1) non-software components of tangible products, and (2) software components of tangible products that are sold, licensed or leased with tangible products when the software components and non-software components of the tangible product function together to deliver the tangible products essential functionality. We adopted the amended guidance in ASU 2009-14 on a prospective basis as of January 1, 2011. The adoption of ASU 2009-14 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Subsequent Events
On February 2, 2012 we announced that we had commenced a tender offer (the Third Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer) to purchase any and all of the outstanding $129.0 million aggregate principal amount of Existing Senior Notes, which expired on March 2, 2012. Concurrently, we announced that we had priced an offering of $130.0 million aggregate principal amount of additional Senior Notes at an issue price of 104.375% of par, which closed on February 17, 2012.
On February 17, 2012, we announced that we had accepted for purchase $120.6 million principal amount of the outstanding Existing Senior Notes, representing approximately 93.5% of the outstanding Existing Senior Notes, that were tendered by February 16, 2012. On March 5, 2012, we accepted for purchase an additional $0.1 million principal amount of the outstanding Existing Senior Notes that were tendered prior to the expiration of the Third Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer on March 2, 2012. We called for redemption and, on March 19, 2012, redeemed the remaining $8.3 million principal amount of Existing Senior Notes that were not tendered. As of the date of this prospectus, there are no Existing Senior Notes outstanding.
The proceeds from the issuance of the additional Senior Notes, together with cash on hand and borrowings under the ABL Facility, were used to fund the purchase of the Existing Senior Notes tendered pursuant to the Third Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer, including the payment of tender and consent consideration, accrued and unpaid interest and transaction fees and expenses, and the payment of the redemption price and accrued and unpaid interest of the Existing Senior Notes called for redemption.
In connection with the purchase of the Existing Senior Notes under the Third Existing Senior Notes Tender Offer and the call for redemption, we expect to record a loss on extinguishment of long-term debt of approximately $9 million in our consolidated statement of operations in the first quarter of 2012. The loss represents tender offer consideration, redemption price payments and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the Existing Senior Notes.
On February 2, 2012, we made an optional prepayment of $120.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan Facility. On February 14, 2012, we made an additional optional prepayment of $60.0 million. The prepayments were allocated on a pro rata basis between the Extended Loans and non-extended loans. The optional prepayments reduced the amount of the required mandatory prepayment due in 2012 under the excess cash flow provision of the Term Loan Facility on a dollar-for-dollar basis with respect to the year ended December 31, 2011. On March 14, 2012, we paid the balance of the mandatory prepayment of $21.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan Facility with respect to the year ended December 31, 2011 under the excess cash flow provision.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risks
Our market risks relate primarily to changes in interest rates. The interest rates on borrowings under our ABL Facility and our Term Loan Facility are floating and, therefore, are subject to fluctuations. In order to manage the risk associated with changes in interest rates on borrowings under our Term Loan Facility, we have entered into interest rate derivative agreements to hedge a portion of the cash flows associated with the facility. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations.
We utilize interest rate caps for the purpose of limiting current and future exposure to interest rate risk on our floating-rate debt under the Term Loan Facility.
In April 2010, we entered into four interest rate cap agreements with a combined $1,100.0 million notional amount. Under these agreements, we made premium payments totaling $5.9 million to the counterparties in exchange for the right to receive payments from them of the amount, if any, by which three-month LIBOR exceeds 3.5% during the agreement period. These cap agreements are effective from January 14, 2011 through January 14, 2013.
During 2011, we entered into four interest rate cap agreements with a combined $500.0 million notional amount. Under the agreements, we made premium payments totaling $3.7 million to the counterparties in exchange for the right to receive payments from them of the amount, if any, by which three-month LIBOR exceeds 3.5% during the agreement period. The cap agreements are effective from January 14, 2013 through January 14, 2015.
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The interest rate cap agreements have not been designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk for accounting purposes. Instead, these agreements are recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet, with changes in fair value recorded directly to interest expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations each period.
See Liquidity and Capital ResourcesContractual Obligations for information on cash flows, interest rates and maturity dates of our debt obligations.
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Overview
CDW is a leading multi-brand technology solutions provider to business, government, education and healthcare customers in the U.S. and Canada. We provide comprehensive and integrated solutions for our customers technology needs through our extensive hardware, software and value-added service offerings. We serve over 250,000 customers through our experienced and dedicated sales force of more than 3,600 coworkers. We offer over 100,000 products from over 1,000 brands and a multitude of advanced technology solutions. Our broad range of technology products includes leading brands such as Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Cisco, Lenovo, EMC, IBM, Apple and VMware. Our offerings range from discrete hardware and software products to complex technology solutions such as virtualization, collaboration, security, mobility, data center optimization and cloud computing. Our sales and operating results have been driven by the combination of our large and knowledgeable selling organization, highly skilled technology specialists and engineers, extensive range of product offerings, strong vendor partner relationships, and fulfillment and logistics capabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2011, our net sales, net income and Adjusted EBITDA were $9,602.4 million, $17.1 million and $717.3 million, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. See SummarySummary Historical Financial Data for the definition of Adjusted EBITDA, the reasons for its inclusion and a reconciliation to net income.
We have two reportable segments:
Corporate. Our Corporate segment customers are primarily in the small and medium business category, which we define as customers with up to 1,000 employees at a single location. We also serve larger customers, including FORTUNE 1000 companies, that value our broad offerings, brand selection and flexible delivery model. We have over 200,000 active accounts, well diversified across numerous industries. Our Corporate segment is divided into a small business customer channel, primarily serving customers with up to 100 employees, and a medium-large business customer channel, primarily serving customers with more than 100 employees. Our Corporate segment sales team is primarily organized by geography and customer size. We believe this enables us to better understand and serve customer needs, optimize sales resource coverage, and strengthen relationships with vendor partners to create more sales opportunities. Our Corporate segment generated net sales of $5,334.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Public. Our Public segment is divided into government, education and healthcare customer channels. The government channel serves federal as well as state and local governments. The education channel serves higher education and K-12 customers. The healthcare channel serves customers across the healthcare provider industry. We have built sizable businesses in each of our three Public customer channels as annual net sales for the year ended December 31, 2011 exceeded $1 billion for each customer channel. Our Public segment sales teams are organized by customer channel, and within each customer channel, they are generally organized by geography, except our federal government sales teams, which are organized by agency. We believe this enables our sales teams to address the specific needs of their customer channel while promoting strong customer relationships. Our Public segment generated net sales of $3,757.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Other. We also have two other operating segments, CDW Advanced Services and Canada, which do not meet the reportable segment quantitative thresholds and, accordingly, are combined together as Other. The CDW Advanced Services business is comprised of customized engineering services delivered by CDW professional engineers, as well as managed services, including hosting and data center services. Certain other services, such as custom configuration and third-party services, are included in our Corporate and Public segment net sales and not in Other. Advanced services provided by CDW professional engineers are recorded in CDW Advanced Services. Our CDW Advanced Services and Canada business segments generated net sales of $510.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.
For further information on our segments, including financial results, see Note 18 to our Audited Financial Statements.
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History
CDW was founded in 1984. In 2003, we purchased selected U.S. assets and the Canadian operations of Micro Warehouse, which extended our growth platform into Canada. In 2006, we acquired Berbee Information Networks Corporation, a provider of technology products, solutions and customized engineering services in advanced technologies primarily across Cisco, IBM and Microsoft portfolios. This acquisition increased our capabilities in customized engineering services and managed services. In 2007, we were acquired by Parent. For a description of the acquisition, see SummaryThe Acquisition Transactions and Related Financing Events.
Industry Overview
According to IDC, the overall U.S. technology market generated approximately $601 billion in sales in 2011, including $216 billion in hardware sales, $158 billion in software sales and $227 billion in services sales. The channels through which these products and services are delivered are highly fragmented and served by a multitude of participants. These participants include OEMs, software publishers, wholesale distributors and resellers. Wholesale distributors, such as Ingram Micro Inc., Tech Data Corporation and SYNNEX Corporation, act as intermediaries between OEMs and software publishers, on the one hand, and resellers, on the other hand, providing logistics management and supply-chain services. Resellers, which include direct marketers, value-added resellers, e-tailers and retailers, sell products and/or services directly to the end-user customer, sourcing products sold to their customers directly from OEMs and software publishers or from wholesale distributors. CDW is a technology solutions provider with both direct marketer and value-added reseller capabilities.
Two key customer groups within our addressable market are the small and medium business market and the public sector market. The small and medium business market is highly fragmented and is generally characterized by companies that employ fewer than 1,000 employees. The public sector market is also fragmented and is generally divided into market verticals, each with specialized needs that require an adaptive and flexible sales, services and logistics model to meet customer needs. We believe that many vendors rely heavily on channel partners like CDW to efficiently serve small and medium business and public sector customers.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe the following strengths have contributed to our success and enabled us to become an important strategic partner for both our customers and our vendor partners: Significant Scale and Scope
We are a leading multi-brand technology solutions provider in the U.S. and Canada. Based upon publicly available information, we believe that our net sales are significantly larger than any other multi-brand direct marketer or value-added reseller in the U.S. Our significant scale and scope create competitive advantages through:
| Breadth of solutions for our customers. The breadth and depth of knowledge that our direct selling organization, specialists and engineers have across multiple industries and technologies position us well to anticipate and meet our customers needs. Our size allows us to provide our customers with a broad selection of over 100,000 technology products from over 1,000 brands and a multitude of advanced technology solutions at competitive prices. We have leveraged our scale to provide a high level of customer service and a breadth of technology options, making it easy for customers to do business with us. |
| Broad market access for our vendor partners. We believe we are an attractive route to market for our vendor partners in part because we provide them with access to a cost-effective and highly knowledgeable sales and marketing organization that reaches over 250,000 customers. Our vendor partners recognize that, in addition to providing broad customer reach, our scale and scope enables us to sell, deliver and implement their products and services to customers with a high level of knowledge and consistency. |
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| Operational cost efficiencies and productivity. Our large scale provides us with operational cost efficiencies across our organization, including purchasing, operations, IT, sales, marketing and other support functions. We leverage these advantages through our two modern distribution centers, our efficient business processes and constant focus on productivity improvements, and our proprietary information systems, which has enabled us to provide cost-efficient service to our customers. |
Coworker Culture
Our steadfast focus on serving customers and investing in coworkers has fostered a strong, get it done culture at CDW. Since our founding, we have adhered to a core philosophy known as the Circle of Service, which places the customer at the center of all of our actions. We have consistently and cost effectively invested in our coworkers by providing broad and deep coworker training, supplying resources that contribute to their success and offering them broad career development opportunities. This constant focus on customers and coworkers has created a customer-centric, highly engaged coworker base, which ultimately benefits our customers and fosters customer loyalty.
Large and Knowledgeable Direct Selling Organization
We have a large and experienced sales force, consisting of more than 3,600 coworkers, including almost 2,900 account managers and field account executives. We believe our success is due, in part, to the strength of our account managers dedicated relationships with customers that are developed by calling on existing and new customers, providing advice on products, responding to customer inquiries and developing solutions to our customers complex technology needs. The deep industry knowledge of our dedicated sales, marketing and support resources within each of our customer channels allows us to understand and solve the unique challenges and evolving technology needs of our customers. Multiple customer surveys administered by independent parties consistently show that customers view CDW as a leader in customer service compared to other multi-brand resellers and solution providers.
Highly Skilled Technology Specialists and Engineers
Our direct selling organization is supported by a team of almost 800 technology specialists and almost 600 service delivery engineers with more than 3,400 industry-recognized certifications who bring deep product and solution knowledge and experience to the technology challenges of our customers. We believe our technology specialists, who work with customers and our direct selling organization to design solutions and provide recommendations in the selection and procurement process, are an important resource and differentiator for us as we seek to expand our offerings of value-added services and solutions.
Large and Established Customer Channels
We have grown our customer channels within the Corporate and Public segments to sizeable businesses. Our government, education, healthcare and small business channels each has net sales that exceed $1 billion. Our scale allows us to create specialized sales resources across multiple customer markets, which enables us to better understand and meet our customers evolving IT requirements. Our scale also provides us diversification benefits. For instance, our Public segment, which is comprised of our government, education and healthcare channels, has historically been less correlated to economic cycles, as evidenced by its 5% net sales growth in 2009 while overall technology spending declined in the U.S. market, according to IDC.
Strong, Established Vendor Partner Relationships
We believe that our strong vendor partner relationships differentiate us from other multi-brand technology solutions providers. In addition to providing a cost-effective route to market for vendor partners, we believe that many of our competitive strengths enhance our value proposition to our vendor partners. We believe we are an important extension of our vendor partners sales and marketing capabilities as we are the largest U.S. reseller for many of our vendor partners, including Hewlett-Packard. We have three vendor partners with whom we have annual $1 billion-plus relationships, and we have 14 vendor partners with whom we have relationships exceeding $100 million a year. As such, we are able to provide technology resources and insights to our customers that might otherwise be difficult for them to access independently or through other technology providers. Our direct selling organization, technology specialists and large customer channels allow us to develop intimate knowledge of our customers environments and their specific needs. Frequently, vendor partners will select CDW as a partner to develop and grow new customer solutions. We are regularly recognized with top awards from our vendor partners. In 2011, we were named Microsofts Volume Licensing Partner of the Year and received eight Cisco Partner of the Year awards.
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Our Business Strategies
Our goal is to continue to strengthen our position as a leading multi-brand national provider of technology products and solutions by growing our revenues and driving profitability. We plan to achieve this objective by capitalizing on our competitive strengths and pursuing the following strategies:
Focus on Customer Requirements and Market Segmentation
We have grown our revenues faster than the market, which we attribute in large part to our focus on customer requirements and market segmentation. We believe our customer intimacy enables us to better understand our customers needs and to better identify profitable growth opportunities. We intend to maintain this focus with a goal of continuing to outpace our competitors in revenue growth in the markets we serve through increased share of wallet from existing customers, sales to new customers and expanded IT services offerings to both new and existing customers. We believe our efforts in these areas will be augmented as we improve our sales coverage and further segment our customer base, further leverage our knowledge of our customers environments and continue to help our customers adopt proven technologies that meet their needs and make the most of their IT investments.
Leverage our Superior Sales and Marketing Model
We intend to continue to leverage our large, highly productive sales and marketing organization to serve existing customer requirements, effectively target new customer prospects, improve our product and solutions offerings, maximize sales resource coverage, strategically deploy internal sales teams, technology specialists and field sales account executives, and strengthen vendor partner relationships, all with the end goal of creating profitable sales opportunities. Some of the initiatives we have implemented within the last few years, including our realignment of our medium and large corporate account managers into geographic regions, our addition of selling resources to our healthcare customer channel and our addition of more technology specialists to facilitate sales of newer and more complex technology solutions, have contributed to an increase in our annualized net sales per coworker from $1.364 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2007 to $1.476 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2011. We plan to continue to identify and pursue opportunities that further enhance productivity. Recently, we have added sales operations supervisors to handle administrative tasks for our direct sales force coworkers, which we believe will further enhance their productivity, and we have continued to align our compensation programs to drive profitable revenue growth.
Meet our Customers Changing Needs through Expanded Service Offerings and Solutions
We intend to continue to expand the range of technology solutions we offer to continue to keep pace with the technology marketplace. As customers increasingly demand more elaborate services and solutions in addition to traditional hardware and software products, we believe that expanding the range of technology solutions that we offer will enhance our value proposition to our customers and help us to maximize our revenue and profit growth potential. We have added almost 600 technology specialists since mid-2004 and almost 500 services delivery engineers since mid-2006. CDW currently has almost 800 technology specialists, organized around core solutions and aligned with our selling organization. CDW is growing its presence in geographic markets across the U.S. with coworkers focused on delivering customized engineering solutions. We plan to continue to invest in resources and training for our technology specialists and services delivery coworkers to provide our customers with the expert advice and experience they need to make the most of their technology expenditures.
Leverage Relationships with Leading Vendor Partners
We intend to continue to leverage our long-standing relationships with major vendor partners to support the growth and profitability of our business. We plan to use our vendor partner relationships to ensure that our sales organization remains well-positioned and well-trained to market new and emerging technologies to end users. As one example, we are currently working with several large vendor partners to assist them in the sales of cloud computing solutions to the small and medium business marketplace. We believe our strong vendor partner relationships will also provide collaborative opportunities for our sales organization and vendor field sales representatives to identify and fulfill additional customer requirements, creating increased sales to both new and existing customers. In addition, we plan to leverage our significant scale to maximize the benefits from volume discounts, purchase or sales rebates, vendor incentive programs and marketing development funds.
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Risk Factors
Our business is subject to a number of risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
| General economic conditions could negatively affect technology spending by our customers and put downward pressure on prices, which may have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations or cash flows. |