Freeseas, Inc.
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
August 7, 2007
File
No. 333-
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form F-1
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
FREESEAS
INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as
specified in its charter)
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Republic of the
Marshall Islands
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4412
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Not Applicable
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(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
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89 Akti
Miaouli & 4 Mavrokordatou Street, 185 38, Piraeus,
Greece
011-30-210-452-8770
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of Registrants principal executive
offices)
Broad and
Cassel
Attention: A. Jeffry Robinson, P.A.
2 S. Biscayne Boulevard,
21st
Floor
Miami, Florida 33131
Telephone:
(305) 373-9400
Facsimile:
(305) 995-6402
(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of agent for service)
Copies
to:
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A. Jeffry Robinson,
P.A.
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Stephen P.
Farrell, Esq.
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Broad and Cassel
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Morgan, Lewis & Bockius
LLP
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2 S. Biscayne
Boulevard,
21st
Floor
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101 Park Avenue
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Miami, Florida 33131
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New York, New York
10178
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Telephone:
(305) 373-9400
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Telephone: (212)
309-6000
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Facsimile:
(305) 995-6402
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Facsimile: (212)
309-6001
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this
Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following
box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act,
check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Proposed Maximum
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Title of Each Class
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Aggregate Offering
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Amount of
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of Securities to Be Registered
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Price(1)
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Registration Fee
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Common Stock, par value US $.001
per share
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$
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60,000,000
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$
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1,842
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(1) |
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Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration
fee in accordance with Rule 457 under the Securities Act. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities
and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be
changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these
securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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SUBJECT TO
COMPLETION DATED AUGUST 7, 2007
PROSPECTUS
FREESEAS
INC.
Shares
of Common Stock
We are
offering shares
of our common stock. Our common stock is currently quoted on the
NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol FREE. On,
August 6, 2007, the closing price of our common stock was
$8.30 per share.
We are applying to
have our common stock and warrants listed on the NASDAQ Global
Market upon completion of this offering.
Investing in our
common stock involves a high degree of risk. See Risk
Factors beginning on page 12 to read about the risks
you should consider before buying shares of our common
stock.
Neither the
Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Per
Share
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Total
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Public offering price
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$
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$
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Underwriting discounts and
commissions
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$
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$
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Proceeds to us, before expenses
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$
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$
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The underwriters
have a
30-day
option to purchase up
to additional shares
of our common stock from us to cover any over-allotments, if
any, at the offering price, less underwriting discounts and
commissions.
The underwriters
expect to deliver the shares to purchasers on or
about ,
2007.
The date of this
prospectus
is ,
2007
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
We have not authorized anyone to give any information or to
make any representations other than those contained in this
prospectus. Do not rely upon any information or representations
made outside of this prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer
to sell, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy (1) any
securities other than shares of our common stock or
(2) shares of our common stock in any circumstances in
which our offer or solicitation is unlawful. The information
contained in this prospectus may change after the date of this
prospectus. Do not assume after the date of this prospectus that
the information contained in this prospectus is still
correct.
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ENFORCEABILITY
OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are a Marshall Islands company and our executive offices are
located outside of the United States of America in Piraeus,
Greece. All except one of our directors, all of our officers and
some of the experts named herein reside outside the United
States of America. In addition, a substantial portion of our
assets and the assets of our directors, officers and experts are
located outside of the United States of America. As a result,
you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United
States of America upon us or any of these persons. You may also
have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside the United States
of America, judgments you may obtain in United States of America
courts against us or these persons in any action, including
actions based upon the civil liability provisions of United
States of America federal or state securities laws. Furthermore,
there is substantial doubt that the courts of the Republic of
the Marshall Islands or Greece would enter judgments in original
actions brought in those courts predicated on United States of
America federal or state securities laws.
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PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This section summarizes some of the information and
consolidated financial statements that appear later in this
prospectus. As an investor or prospective investor, you should
review carefully the risk factors and the more detailed
information and financial statements that appear later in this
prospectus. In this prospectus, references to
FreeSeas, Company, we,
our, ours and us refer to
FreeSeas Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated or
the context requires.
We use the term deadweight tons, or dwt, in
describing the capacity of our drybulk carriers. Dwt, expressed
in metric tons, each of which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms,
refers to the maximum weight of cargo and supplies that a vessel
can carry. For the definition of certain shipping terms used in
this prospectus, see the Glossary of Shipping Terms
on page 117 of this prospectus. Drybulk carriers are
categorized as Handysize, Handymax, Panamax and Capesize. The
carrying capacity of a Handysize drybulk carrier ranges from
10,000 to 39,999 dwt and that of a Handymax drybulk carrier
ranges from 40,000 to 59,999 dwt. By comparison, the carrying
capacity of a Panamax drybulk carrier ranges from 60,000 to
79,999 dwt and the carrying capacity of a Capesize drybulk
carrier is 80,000 dwt and above.
Unless otherwise indicated, information presented in this
prospectus assumes that the underwriters will not exercise their
option to purchase additional shares. All references to
$ and dollars in this prospectus refer
to U.S. dollars.
Our
Company
We are an international drybulk shipping company incorporated on
April 23, 2004 under the laws of the Republic of the
Marshall Islands with headquarters in Piraeus, Greece. We are
currently focusing on the Handysize and Handymax sectors, which
we believe will enable us to transport a wider variety of
cargoes and pursue a greater number of chartering opportunities
than if we owned larger vessels. We may, however, acquire larger
drybulk vessels if market conditions warrant.
Our existing fleet consists of three Handysize vessels that
carry a variety of drybulk commodities, including coal, grains,
and iron ore which are referred to as major bulks,
as well as bauxite, phosphate, fertilizers, steel products,
sugar and rice, or minor bulks. In order to expand
and renew our fleet, on May 1, 2007, we entered into
memoranda of agreement to purchase the M/V Free Hero, a
secondhand Handysize vessel that was delivered on July 3,
2007, and the M/V Free Jupiter, a 2002 built Handymax
vessel, which we expect to be delivered in August or September
2007, from non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price of
$72.25 million. We refer to these two vessels together with
our existing vessels, the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V
Free Envoy, as our fleet. As a result of the acquisition
of the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter, we
will increase the aggregate dwt of our fleet to approximately
123,000 dwt from 51,000 dwt, increase the book value of our
fleet to $82.6 million from $10.3 million, and reduce
the average age of our fleet to 16 years from
24 years. In accordance with standard shipping industry
practice, we did not obtain from the sellers historical
operating data for the vessels that we acquired, as that data
was not material to our decision to purchase the vessels.
Accordingly, we have not included any historical financial data
relating to the results of operations of our vessels for any
period before we acquired them in this prospectus.
We contract the management of our fleet to Free Bulkers, S.A.,
or Free Bulkers, a company owned by Ion G. Varouxakis, our
chairman, chief executive officer and president. Free Bulkers
will provide technical management of our fleet, accounting
services and office space and has subcontracted the charter and
post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk Pty Ltd., or
Safbulk, a company controlled by the Restis family. We believe
that Safbulk has achieved a strong reputation in the
international shipping industry for efficiency and reliability
that should create new employment opportunities for us with a
variety of well known charterers. While Safbulk is responsible
for finding and arranging charters for our vessels, the final
decision to charter our vessels remains with us.
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Our
Fleet
The following table details our fleet:
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Year
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Vessel
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Purchase
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Delivery
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Vessel Name
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dwt
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Built
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Type
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Employment
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Price
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Date
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Free Envoy
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26,318
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1984
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Handysize
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1-year time charter through April
2008 at $17,000 per day
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$9.50 million
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September 2004
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Free Destiny
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25,240
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1982
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Handysize
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Spot currently at
$16,500 per day
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$7.60 million
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August 2004
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Free Hero
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24,318
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1995
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Handysize
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Balance of time charter through
December 2008/February 2009 at $14,500 per day
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$25.25 million(1)
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July 2007
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(1) |
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The purchase price for the M/V Free Hero was
specifically negotiated based on its particular attributes
(i.e., based on factors including the vessels age,
builder, configuration and condition). |
We have agreed to purchase a 47,777-dwt Handymax vessel built in
2002, the M/V Free Jupiter, for $47.0 million. We
currently expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter
in August or September 2007. Upon delivery, the M/V Free
Jupiter will be chartered on a three-year time charter
through September 2010, at a rate of $32,000 per day for the
first year of the charter, $28,000 per day for the second year,
and $24,000 per day for the third year.
Please see Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a
discussion of how we intend to account for the purchase of the
M/V Free Hero and M/V Free Jupiter.
Our
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we possess the following competitive strengths:
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Experienced Management Team. Our management
team has significant experience in commercial, technical,
operational and financial areas of our business and has
developed relationships with leading charterers, ship brokers
and financial institutions. Since 1997, Ion G. Varouxakis, our
chairman, chief executive officer and president has served in
various management roles for shipping companies in the drybulk
sector. Dimitris Papadopoulos, who became our chief financial
officer in May 2007, served from 1975 to 1991 as financial and
administrative vice president in charge of, among other things,
the shipping interests of the owners of Archirodon Group, Inc.
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Affiliation with Leading Shipping Group. FS
Holdings Limited, an entity controlled by the Restis family,
recently acquired a 40.2% interest (including shares underlying
warrants) in our company. The Restis family has been engaged in
the international shipping industry for more than 40 years
and their interests include ownership and operation of more than
60 vessels in several segments of the shipping industry, as
well as cargo and chartering interests. The Restis family group
is regarded as one of the largest independent ship-owning and
management groups in the shipping industry. Our management
believes that affiliation with and access to the resources of
companies controlled by the Restis family commercially enhances
the operations of our fleet, our ability to obtain employment
for our vessels and obtain more favorable financing.
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Strong Customer Relationships. Through Free
Bulkers, our ship management company, and Safbulk, a Restis
family controlled management company, we have established
customer relationships with leading charterers around the world,
such as major international industrial companies, commodity
producers and traders and a number of chartering brokerage
houses. Free Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and
post-charter management of our fleet to Safbulk. We believe that
the established customer base and
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the reputation of our fleet managers will enable us to secure
favorable employment for our vessels with well known charterers.
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Efficient Operations. Through Free Bulkers, we
believe that we have established a strong track record in the
technical management of drybulk carriers, which has enabled us
to maintain cost-efficient operations. We actively monitor and
control vessel operating expenses while maintaining the high
quality of our fleet through regular inspections, proactive
maintenance programs, high standards of operations, and
retaining and training qualified crew members.
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Our
Business Strategy
The following are highlights of our business strategy:
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Handysize and Handymax Focus. Our fleet of
drybulk carriers will consist of Handysize and Handymax vessels.
Based on the relatively low number of drybulk newbuildings on
order in these categories, we believe there will be continued
high demand for such vessels. Handysize and Handymax vessels are
typically shallow-drafted and equipped with onboard cranes. This
makes Handysize and Handymax vessels more versatile and able to
access a wider range of loading and discharging ports than
larger ships, which are unable to service many ports due to
their size or the local port infrastructure. Many countries in
the Asia Pacific region, including China, as well as countries
in Africa and South America, have shallow ports. We believe that
our vessels, and any Handysize or Handymax vessels that we
acquire, will enable us to transport a wider variety of cargoes
and to pursue a greater number of chartering opportunities than
if we owned larger drybulk vessels. Handysize and Handymax
vessels have also historically achieved greater charter rate
stability than larger drybulk vessels.
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Renew and Expand our Fleet. We intend to
continue growing our fleet in a disciplined manner through
acquisition of well-maintained, secondhand vessels, preferably
up to 15 years old. We perform technical review and
financial analysis of each potential acquisition and only
purchase vessels as market conditions and opportunities warrant.
We are focused on purchasing such vessels, because we believe
that secondhand vessels, when operated in a cost-efficient
manner, should provide significant value given the prevailing
charter rate environment and currently provide better returns as
compared to newbuildings. Furthermore, as part of our fleet
renewal, we will continue to sell vessels when we believe it is
in the best interests of FreeSeas and our shareholders.
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Maintain Adequate Period Employment. We intend
to strategically deploy a substantial portion of our fleet under
time charter employment and our remaining vessels under spot
charter. We actively pursue time charter coverage to provide
steady cash flow to cover a substantial portion of our
fleets fixed costs. We intend to deploy part of our fleet
through spot charters depending on our view of the direction of
the markets and other tactical or strategic considerations. We
believe this balanced employment strategy will provide us with
more predictable operating cash flows and sufficient downside
protection, while allowing us to participate in the potential
upside of the spot charter market during periods of rising
charter rates.
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Use of Flexible Financial Strategy. We will
use a combination of bank debt, cash flow and proceeds from
equity offerings to fund our vessel acquisitions. We assess the
level of debt we will incur in light of our ability to repay
that debt based on the level of cash flow we expect to generate
pursuant to our chartering strategy and our operating cost
structure. Following this offering, we intend to reduce our
ratio of debt to equity to 83.9%. We expect that the maintenance
of a reasonable ratio of debt to equity will increase our
ability to borrow funds to make additional vessel acquisitions
while maintaining our ability to pay dividends to our
shareholders.
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Drybulk
Shipping Industry Trends
The maritime shipping industry is fundamental to international
trade with ocean-going vessels representing the most efficient
and often the only method of transporting large volumes of many
essential drybulk commodities,
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finished goods as well as crude oil and refined petroleum
products between the continents and across the seas. It is a
global industry whose performance is closely tied to the level
of economic activity in the world.
Drybulk cargoes are used in many basic industries and in
construction, and can be divided into major bulk commodities and
minor bulk commodities. Major bulk commodities include iron ore,
coal and grains. Minor bulk commodities include a wide variety
of commodities, such as forest products, iron and steel
products, fertilizers, agricultural products, non-ferrous ores,
minerals and petcoke, cement, other construction materials and
salt. Grains include wheat, coarse grains and soybeans.
According to Maritime Strategies International Ltd., or MSI,
since the fourth quarter of 2002, the drybulk shipping industry
has experienced the highest charter rates and vessel values in
its modern history due to the favorable imbalance between the
supply of drybulk carriers and demand for drybulk seaborne
transportation. After reaching a peak in mid-2005, however,
vessel values decreased during 2005 and the first half of 2006;
since July 2006, the value of secondhand vessels has risen
sharply approaching new historical record high levels in July
2007 as ship owners seek to increase the size of their fleets to
benefit from the rise in trade.
With respect to drybulk shipping, factors that affect the supply
of drybulk carriers and demand for transportation of drybulk
cargo include:
Supply:
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The average delivery lag for a new vessel is about three years,
limiting the number of new drybulk carriers that will enter the
market in coming years. As of June 2007, newbuilding orders had
been placed for an aggregate of more than 34% of the current
global drybulk fleet, with deliveries expected during the next
three to four years; and
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Port congestion worldwide as a result of increased shipping
activity has increased the number of days vessels are waiting to
load or discharge their cargo, effectively reducing the number
of drybulk carriers that are available for hire at any
particular time.
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Demand:
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In general, the effects of the expansion of world trade and
increasing global production and consumption have driven the
strong demand for ships; and
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China has helped drive demand for drybulk carriers as its
economy continues to grow at a remarkable level. This has
resulted in growing iron ore imports and steel production.
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We cannot offer assurances as to charter rates or vessel values
in any period or that the industry trends described above will
continue following the completion of this offering.
Our Fleet
Manager
We contract the technical and commercial management of our
vessels to Free Bulkers, S.A., a Marshall Islands corporation
owned by Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive
officer and president. Free Bulkers has a separate management
contract with each of our ship-owning subsidiaries and provides
a wide range of services at a fixed fee per vessel basis. These
services include vessel operations, maintenance, regulatory
compliance, crewing, supervising dry docking and repairs,
arranging insurance for vessels, vessel supplying, advising on
the purchase and sale of vessels, and performing certain
accounting and other administrative services, including
financial reporting and internal controls requirements. Free
Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and post-charter
management of our fleet to Safbulk. Safbulk is an entity
affiliated with one of our principal shareholders, FS Holdings
Limited, which is controlled by the Restis family. Safbulk has
been chartering bulk carriers, ranging in size from 25,000 to
175,000 dwt, both owned by it (as many as 20 vessels) and
owned by third parties (as many as 70 vessels), since 1965.
We believe that the experience and reputation of Safbulk, and
its long-standing relationships with charterers and charter
brokers in all parts of the world should enhance the commercial
operation of our fleet and our ability to obtain employment for
our
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fleet. We believe that using Free Bulkers and Safbulk to perform
these functions should provide us experienced technical and
commercial management for our fleet and enable us to better
manage our costs.
Our
Dividend Policy
Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the
discretion of our board of directors. The timing and amount of
any dividend payments will be dependent upon our earnings,
financial position, cash requirements and availability, fleet
renewal and expansion, restrictions in our loan agreements and
the provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of
distributions to shareholders and other factors.
We may not have sufficient funds with which to pay dividends at
all. Alternatively, even if we have sufficient funds available,
our board of directors may determine to devote those funds to
internal uses rather than to the payment of dividends. We refer
you to the sections under the headings Dividend
Policy and Tax Considerations included
elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, see Risk
Factors for a discussion of the risks related to our
ability to pay dividends.
Recent
Developments
On April 27, 2007, we sold the M/V Free Fighter for
$11,075,000 and repaid $2,330,000 on Advance A and $2,470,000 on
Advance B of the loans with First Business Bank, using proceeds
from the sale of that vessel to make these payments.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase four secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero, M/V Free Jupiter, M/V
Free Iris and M/V Free Gentleman, from
non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price of
$114.0 million. In accordance with the memoranda of
agreement, we provided deposits totaling $11.4 million to
the respective sellers of the above four vessels. We obtained
the funds for the deposits from a $5.5 million draw on the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan described below
and $5.9 million from our cash on hand, primarily resulting
from the sale of the M/V Free Fighter in April 2007. We
anticipated financing the remaining $102.6 million of the
purchase prices of the above vessels, due upon their respective
deliveries, by utilizing the following: (i) up to
$68.0 million in a senior secured loan from HSH Nordbank
AG; (ii) up to $21.5 million in a junior loan from
BTMU Capital Corporation, an affiliate of the Bank of Tokyo
Mitsubishi; (iii) the remaining $8.5 million of the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan (which was drawn
down on June 22, 2007 as discussed further below) (we refer
to these three borrowing arrangements as our Acquisition
Debt Facilities); (iv) cash on hand from operations
and (v) an overdraft credit facility of $4 million
available from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we paid the $22.7 million remaining balance, net
of the deposit paid, of the $25.25 million purchase price
using $20.4 million from the above described senior and
junior financing sources and $2.3 million from cash on
hand. The vessel is currently subject to a $14,500 per day time
charter expiring in December 2008, with a charterers
option for extension until February 2009. We expect to take
delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter in August or September
2007. The purchase price for the M/V Free Jupiter is
$47.0 million and we expect to utilize the above-described
financing sources to pay the remaining $42.3 million
balance of the purchase price due upon delivery.
Due to a dispute between third parties unrelated to us and the
sellers of the M/V Free Gentleman and
M/V Free
Iris, which would have resulted in the vessels not being
delivered as per the terms of their respective memoranda of
agreement, we decided, in agreement with the sellers, to
terminate those agreements on July 27, 2007, with immediate
return of the full deposits for such vessels totaling
$4.25 million. We intend to seek to replace the two
undelivered vessels with alternative tonnage of similar profile
and return characteristics in an effort to expand our fleet in
the Handysize and/or Handymax segments. We intend to utilize our
available cash and the remainder of our existing credit
facilities as described above for any future near term
acquisitions.
The $14.0 million loan from one of our principal
shareholders was signed on May 7, 2007 and accrues interest
on the outstanding principal balance at the annual rate of
12.0%, payable upon maturity of the loan. The loan is due at the
earlier of (i) May 7, 2009, (ii) the date of a
Capital Event, which is defined as any event in
which we raise gross proceeds of not less than $40 million
in an offering of our common stock or
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other equity securities or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for our equity securities, or (iii) the date
of acceleration of the amounts due under the note. Additionally,
we agreed to issue to that shareholder, for every
$1.0 million drawn under the loan, 50,000 warrants to
purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of
$5.00 per share. On May 8, 2007, we drew down
$5.5 million from the shareholder loan in connection with
the deposits to be posted under the memoranda of agreement for
the acquisition of the vessels. On June 22, 2007, we drew
down the remaining $8.5 million from the shareholder loan
in anticipation of taking delivery of the M/V Free
Gentleman, which delivery, however, was never completed as
discussed above. We have issued the shareholder 700,000 warrants
to purchase shares of our common stock at an exercise price of
$5.00 per share in connection with the two draw downs described
above.
New
Credit Facility
Consistent with our strategy of making efficient use of
leverage, we have negotiated an offer letter for a senior
secured credit facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter
of this offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to refinance our
Acquisition Debt Facilities and a $38.3 million facility
for the purchase of additional vessels. The availability of this
senior secured credit facility is contingent upon, among other
things, execution of formal loan documents and credit committee
approval. We intend to enter into this senior credit facility
only if we successfully complete this offering.
We currently intend to use the proceeds of this offering in
conjunction with the $48.7 million loan from Credit Suisse
to refinance the Acquisition Debt Facilities. We also anticipate
using the proceeds of this offering to repay any amount that may
be outstanding at the time of completion of this offering under
the $4.0 million overdraft facility from Hollandsche
Bank Unie N.V. and the $1.9 million outstanding
balance under pre-existing shareholder loans used to finance the
acquisition of our original three vessels. We currently intend
to use any remaining proceeds from this offering for general
corporate purposes, including additional vessel acquisitions.
Our
Corporate History
We were incorporated on April 23, 2004 by Ion G.
Varouxakis, our chairman, chief executive officer and president,
and two other co-founding shareholders under the name
Adventure Holdings S.A. pursuant to the laws of the
Republic of the Marshall Islands to serve as the parent holding
company of our ship-owning entities. On April 27, 2005, we
changed our name to FreeSeas Inc.
On December 15, 2005, we completed a merger with Trinity
Partners Acquisition Company Inc., a blank check company formed
to serve as a vehicle to complete a business combination with an
operating business. At the time of the merger we owned three
drybulk carriers, the M/V Free Destiny, the M/V Free
Envoy and the M/V Free Fighter. Under the terms of
the merger, we were the surviving corporation. Each outstanding
share of Trinitys common stock and Class B common
stock was converted into the right to receive an equal number of
shares of our common stock, and each Trinity Class W
warrant and Class Z warrant was converted into the right to
receive an equal number of our Class W warrants and
Class Z warrants.
Our common stock, Class W warrants and Class Z
warrants began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on
December 16, 2005 under the trading symbols FREE, FREEW and
FREEZ, respectively. As a result of the merger, Trinitys
former securities, including the Trinity Class A Units and
the Class B Units, ceased trading on the OTC
Bulletin Board.
In January 2007, Mr. Varouxakis, through a Marshall Islands
corporation wholly owned by him, purchased all of the shares of
common stock owned by the two other co-founding shareholders. He
simultaneously sold shares of common stock owned by him to FS
Holdings Limited, an entity controlled by the Restis family, and
to certain other entities. As a result of these transactions,
Mr. Varouxakis now beneficially owns (including shares
underlying options and warrants beneficially owned by him)
approximately 34.5% of our outstanding common stock and FS
Holdings Limited beneficially owns (including shares underlying
warrants) approximately 40.2% of our outstanding common stock.
Immediately following these transactions, our board of directors
appointed Mr. Varouxakis chairman of the board and
president, the two other co-founding shareholders and two other
directors resigned from the board, and two new directors were
appointed to fill the vacancies. See Management and
Related Party Transactions.
Our executive offices are located at 89 Akti Miaouli &
4 Mavrokordatou Street, 185 38, Piraeus, Greece and our
telephone number is
011-30-210-452-8770.
6
The
Offering
|
|
|
Common stock offered by us |
|
shares. |
|
Underwriters over-allotment option |
|
Up
to shares. |
|
Common stock outstanding after this offering(1)
|
|
shares. |
|
Use of proceeds |
|
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately
$ million from this offering
assuming an offering price of $ per
share of common stock, the last reported closing price of our
common stock
on ,
2007, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions,
and offering expenses, and assuming the underwriters
over-allotment option is not exercised. Each $1.00 increase
(decrease) in the assumed public offering price of
$ per share would increase
(decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by
$ million, assuming that the
number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page
of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the
estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the
estimated expenses payable by us. We intend to use the proceeds
of this offering in conjunction with a $48.7 million loan
from Credit Suisse to refinance Acquisition Debt Facilities that
were used to acquire the M/V Free Hero, and will be used
to acquire the M/V Free Jupiter and any additional
vessels that we may acquire. Any amounts not so used will be
applied to repay other existing indebtedness and for general
corporate purposes, including the purchase of other vessels. See
Use of Proceeds. |
|
Dividend policy |
|
The declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the
discretion of our board of directors. See Dividend
Policy. |
|
NASDAQ Capital Market symbols |
|
Common stock FREE |
|
|
Class W warrants FREEW |
|
|
Class Z warrants FREEZ |
|
|
|
We are applying to have our common stock and warrants listed on
the NASDAQ Global Market under the same symbols upon completion
of this offering. |
|
Risk factors |
|
Investing in our common stock involves substantial risk. You
should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus
prior to investing in our common stock. In particular, we urge
you to consider carefully the factors set forth in the section
of this prospectus entitled Risk Factors beginning
on page 12. Some of these risk factors relate principally
to the industry in which we operate and our business in general.
Other risks relate to the securities market for and ownership of
our common stock. Any of these risk factors could significantly
and negatively affect our business, financial condition,
operating results and common stock price. |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The number of shares of common stock outstanding after this
offering excludes the following: |
|
|
|
|
A.
|
up to 250,000 shares reserved for issuance upon the
exercise of stock options currently outstanding (of which, as of
March 31, 2007, options to purchase 166,667 shares had
vested), which have an exercise price of $5.00 per share and
expire on December 16, 2010, and up to
1,250,000 shares
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
issuable upon exercise of stock options that may be granted in
the future under our stock incentive plan;
|
|
|
|
|
B.
|
4,572,500 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon
the exercise of outstanding warrants, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 Class A warrants held by our founding shareholders
exercisable at $5.00 per share and expiring July 29, 2011;
|
|
|
|
700,000 Class B warrants held by FS Holdings Limited
exercisable at $5.00 per share of which 275,000 expire on
May 8, 2012 and 425,000 expire on June 22, 2012;
|
|
|
|
1,828,750 Class W warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share
and expiring July 29, 2009; and
|
|
|
|
1,843,750 Class Z warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share
and expiring July 29, 2011.
|
|
|
|
|
C.
|
410,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon
the exercise of the unit purchase option sold to the lead
underwriter in the initial public offering of our predecessor,
which unit purchase option expires July 29, 2009, as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,000 shares of common stock included in the 12,500
Series A units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $17.325 per
Series A unit;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
62,500 Class W warrants included in the 12,500
Series A units;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
62,500 Class Z warrants included in the 12,500
Series A units;
|
|
|
|
130,000 shares of common stock included in the 65,000
Series B units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $16.665 per
Series B unit;
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
65,000 Class W warrants included in the 65,000
Series B units; and
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
65,000 Class Z warrants included in the 65,000
Series B units.
|
|
|
|
|
D.
|
shares that may be issued pursuant to the underwriters
over-allotment option.
|
Assuming all outstanding stock options, all outstanding warrants
and the unit purchase option sold to the lead underwriter in the
initial public offering of our predecessor (and all warrants
subject to such unit purchase option) were exercised for cash,
we would receive proceeds (net of all fees, underwriting
discounts and commissions) of $26,687,288.
8
Summary
Financial Information and Data
The following summary financial information and data were
derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for
the period from April 23, 2004 (date of inception) to
December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31,
2005 and 2006, and our unaudited consolidated financial
statements for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and
2007, included elsewhere in this prospectus. The information is
only a summary and should be read in conjunction with our
historical consolidated financial statements and related notes
included in this prospectus and the section of this prospectus
titled Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The
historical data included below and elsewhere in this prospectus
are not necessarily indicative of our future performance.
All amounts in the tables below are in thousands of
U.S. dollars, except for share data, fleet data and average
daily results.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Statement of Operations
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
2,444
|
|
|
$
|
4,268
|
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
|
|
(799
|
)
|
|
|
(165
|
)
|
|
|
(257
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
(689
|
)
|
|
|
(637
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Vessel operating expenses
(exclusive of depreciation and amortization expenses shown
separately below)
|
|
|
(786
|
)
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
|
|
(4,483
|
)
|
|
|
(1,032
|
)
|
|
|
(1,414
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(872
|
)
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
|
|
(4,479
|
)
|
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
|
(812
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry
docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(442
|
)
|
|
|
(110
|
)
|
|
|
(195
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
|
|
(540
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
Compensation costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
(651
|
)
|
|
|
(163
|
)
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
(1,925
|
)
|
|
|
(432
|
)
|
|
|
(342
|
)
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
|
(1,004
|
)
|
|
|
(245
|
)
|
|
|
(219
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
(51
|
)
|
|
|
46
|
|
Net income (loss) for period
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
|
(1,655
|
)
|
|
|
913
|
|
Earnings Per Share
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.26
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.26
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
Weighted average number of shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
$
|
1,443
|
|
|
$
|
5,286
|
|
|
$
|
1,417
|
|
|
$
|
2,398
|
|
Fixed assets, net
|
|
|
16,188
|
|
|
|
23,848
|
|
|
|
19,369
|
|
|
|
18,557
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
18,335
|
|
|
|
29,840
|
|
|
|
23,086
|
|
|
|
23,043
|
|
Total current liabilities,
including current portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
4,971
|
|
|
|
10,231
|
|
|
|
10,260
|
|
|
|
8,564
|
|
Long-term debt, including
shareholders loans net of current portion
|
|
|
9,978
|
|
|
|
9,750
|
|
|
|
5,819
|
|
|
|
6,540
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
14,949
|
|
|
|
20,135
|
|
|
|
16,079
|
|
|
|
15,104
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
3,386
|
|
|
|
9,705
|
|
|
|
7,007
|
|
|
|
7,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
EBITDA (1)
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
(171
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,139
|
|
Fleet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average number of vessels (2)
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
|
|
2.55
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
Ownership days (3)
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Available days (4)
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
1,005
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Operating days (5)
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
Fleet utilization (6)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
96
|
%
|
|
|
86
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
96
|
%
|
Average Daily
Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average TCE rate (7)
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
6,081
|
|
|
$
|
15,539
|
|
Vessel operating expenses (8)
|
|
|
3,221
|
|
|
|
3,863
|
|
|
|
4,094
|
|
|
|
3,822
|
|
|
|
5,237
|
|
Management fees (9)
|
|
|
738
|
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
500
|
|
General and administrative
expenses (10)
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
2,046
|
|
|
|
1,600
|
|
|
|
1,326
|
|
Total vessel operating
expenses (11)
|
|
$
|
3,959
|
|
|
$
|
4,387
|
|
|
$
|
4,587
|
|
|
$
|
4,322
|
|
|
$
|
5,737
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
We consider EBITDA to represent net earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA does not represent
and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or
cash flow from operations, as determined by United States
generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and our
calculation of EBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by
other companies. EBITDA is included herein because it is an
alternative measure of our liquidity, performance and
indebtedness. |
|
|
|
EBITDA reconciliation to net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
$
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,655
|
)
|
|
$
|
913
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
|
3,908
|
|
|
|
4,921
|
|
|
|
1,250
|
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
Interest and finance cost
|
|
$
|
236
|
|
|
$
|
1,068
|
|
|
$
|
985
|
|
|
$
|
234
|
|
|
$
|
219
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
(171
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,139
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Average number of vessels is the number of vessels that
constituted our fleet for the relevant period, as measured by
the sum of the number of days each vessel was a part of our
fleet during the period divided by the number of calendar days
in the period. |
10
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Ownership days are the total number of days in a period during
which the vessels in our fleet have been owned by us. Ownership
days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and
affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses
that we record during a period. |
|
(4) |
|
Available days are the number of ownership days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
major repairs, dry dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
The shipping industry uses available days to measure the number
of ownership days in a period during which vessels should be
capable of generating revenues. |
|
(5) |
|
Operating days are the number of available days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
any reason, including unforeseen circumstances. The shipping
industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of
days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues. |
|
(6) |
|
We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our
fleets operating days during a period by the number of
ownership days during the period. The shipping industry uses
fleet utilization to measure a companys efficiency in
finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the
amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons such as
scheduled repairs, vessel upgrades, or dry dockings or other
surveys. |
|
(7) |
|
Time charter equivalent, or TCE, is a measure of the average
daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Our
method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards
and is determined by dividing operating revenues (net of voyage
expenses) by operating days for the relevant time period. Voyage
expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that
are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid
by the charterer under a time charter contract. TCE is a
standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to
compare period-to-period changes in a shipping companys
performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e.,
spot charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which
the vessels may be employed between the periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
2,444
|
|
|
$
|
4,268
|
|
Voyage expenses and commissions
|
|
|
(143
|
)
|
|
|
(608
|
)
|
|
|
(1,488
|
)
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
Net operating revenues
|
|
$
|
2,687
|
|
|
$
|
9,718
|
|
|
$
|
10,239
|
|
|
$
|
1,642
|
|
|
$
|
4,009
|
|
Available days
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
Time charter equivalent rates
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
6,081
|
|
|
$
|
15,539
|
|
|
|
|
(8) |
|
Average daily vessel operating expenses, which includes crew
costs, provisions, deck and engine stores, lubricating oil,
insurance, maintenance and repairs, is calculated by dividing
vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the relevant
time periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
$
|
786
|
|
|
$
|
3,596
|
|
|
$
|
4,483
|
|
|
$
|
1,032
|
|
|
$
|
1,414
|
|
Ownership days
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Daily vessel operating expense
|
|
$
|
3,221
|
|
|
$
|
3,863
|
|
|
$
|
4,094
|
|
|
$
|
3,822
|
|
|
$
|
5,237
|
|
|
|
|
(9) |
|
Daily management fees are calculated by dividing total
management fees by ownership days for the relevant time period. |
|
(10) |
|
Average daily general and administrative expenses are calculated
by dividing general and administrative expenses by operating
days for the relevant period. |
|
(11) |
|
Total vessel operating expenses, or TVOE, is a measurement of
our total expenses associated with operating our vessels. TVOE
is the sum of vessel operating expense and management fees.
Daily TVOE is calculated by dividing TVOE by fleet ownership
days for the relevant time period. |
11
RISK
FACTORS
Our business faces certain risks. The risks described below
may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks that we do
not yet know of or that we currently think are immaterial may
also impair our business. If any of the events or circumstances
described as risks below or elsewhere in this prospectus
actually occurs, our business, results of operations or
financial condition could be materially and adversely
affected.
Industry-Specific
Risk Factors
The
cyclical nature of the international shipping industry may lead
to volatile changes in charter rates and vessel values, which
may reduce our revenues and net income.
We are an independent shipping company that operates in the
international drybulk shipping market. Our profitability is
dependent upon the charter rates we are able to charge. The
supply of and demand for shipping capacity strongly influences
charter rates. The demand for shipping capacity is determined
primarily by the demand for the type of commodities carried, the
distance that those commodities must be moved by sea, and the
demand for vessels of a particular size. The demand for
commodities is affected by, among other things, world and
regional economic and political conditions (including
developments in international trade, fluctuations in industrial
and agricultural production and armed conflicts), environmental
concerns, weather patterns, port congestion, and changes in
seaborne and other transportation costs. The size of the
existing fleet per size category (i.e., Handysize, Handymax,
Panamax or Capesize) in any particular drybulk market, the
number of new vessel deliveries, the scrapping of older vessels
and the number of vessels out of active service (i.e.,
laid-up,
dry-docked, awaiting repairs or otherwise not available for
hire), determines the supply of shipping capacity, which is
measured by the amount of suitable tonnage available to carry
cargo.
In addition to the prevailing and anticipated charter rates,
factors that affect the supply and demand for shipping capacity
include the rate of newbuilding, scrapping and
laying-up,
newbuilding prices, secondhand vessel values in relation to
scrap prices, costs of bunkers and other operating costs, costs
associated with classification society surveys, normal
maintenance and insurance coverage, the efficiency and age
profile of the existing fleet in the market, and government and
industry regulation of maritime transportation practices,
particularly environmental protection laws and regulations.
These factors are outside of our control, and we cannot predict
the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions.
Some of these factors may have a negative impact on our revenues
and net income.
The market value of our vessels can fluctuate significantly. The
market value of our vessels may increase or decrease depending
on the following factors:
|
|
|
|
|
economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry
in general;
|
|
|
|
supply of drybulk vessels, including secondhand vessels;
|
|
|
|
demand for drybulk vessels;
|
|
|
|
types and sizes of vessels;
|
|
|
|
other modes of transportation;
|
|
|
|
cost of newbuildings;
|
|
|
|
new regulatory requirements from governments or self-regulated
organizations; and
|
|
|
|
prevailing level of charter rates.
|
Because the market value of our vessels may fluctuate
significantly, we may incur losses when we sell vessels, which
may adversely affect our earnings. In addition, any
determination that a vessels remaining useful life and
earnings requires an impairment of its value on our financial
statements could result in a charge against our earnings and a
reduction in our shareholders equity. If for any reason we
sell our vessels at a time when prices have fallen, the sale may
be less than that vessels carrying amount on our financial
statements, and we would incur a loss and a reduction in
earnings.
12
Charter
rates, which in the international drybulk shipping industry
approached historic highs in the second quarter of 2007, may
decline as a result of increased capacity and slowing worldwide
economic growth, thereby reducing our future
profitability.
After reaching a peak in mid-2005, charter rates and vessel
values decreased during the remainder of 2005 and the first half
of 2006. Since July 2006, charter rates and the value of
second-hand vessels have risen sharply, approaching historical
record high levels in July 2007. We cannot give any assurance as
to how long these rate levels may be maintained and, if they
begin to decline, to what levels they might fall. We anticipate
that the future demand for our drybulk carriers and drybulk
charter rates will be dependent upon continued economic growth
particularly in China and India and elsewhere in the world
generally, seasonal and regional changes in demand, and changes
to the capacity of the world fleet. Adverse industry, economic,
political, social or other developments could also decrease the
amount
and/or
profitability of our business and materially reduce our revenues
and net income.
The nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions
are unpredictable and outside of our control. Some of the
factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:
|
|
|
|
|
supply and demand for drybulk commodities;
|
|
|
|
global and regional economic conditions;
|
|
|
|
the distance drybulk commodities are to be moved by sea; and
|
|
|
|
changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns.
|
Some of the factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity
include:
|
|
|
|
|
the number of newbuilding deliveries;
|
|
|
|
the scrapping rate of older vessels;
|
|
|
|
changes in environmental and other regulations that may limit
the useful life of vessels;
|
|
|
|
the number of vessels that are
laid-up; and
|
|
|
|
changes in global drybulk commodity production.
|
An
oversupply of drybulk carrier capacity may lead to reductions in
charter rates and our profitability.
The market supply of drybulk carriers, primarily Capesize and
Panamax vessels, has been increasing, and the number of such
drybulk carriers on order are near historic highs. Newbuildings
were delivered in significant numbers starting at the beginning
of 2006 and are expected to continue to be delivered in
significant numbers through 2007. As of June 2007, newbuilding
orders had been placed for an aggregate of more than 34% of the
current global drybulk fleet, with deliveries expected during
the next 36 to 48 months. An oversupply of drybulk carrier
capacity may result in a reduction of our charter rates. If such
a reduction occurs, when our vessels current charters
expire or terminate, we may only be able to recharter our
vessels at reduced or unprofitable rates or we may not be able
to charter these vessels at all.
An
economic slowdown in the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere could
materially reduce the amount
and/or
profitability of our business.
A significant number of the port calls made by our vessels
involve the loading or discharging of raw materials and
semi-finished products in ports in the Asia Pacific region. As a
result, a negative change in economic conditions in any Asia
Pacific country, but particularly in China or India, may have an
adverse effect on our business, financial position and results
of operations, as well as our future prospects. In particular,
in recent years, China has been one of the worlds fastest
growing economies in terms of gross domestic product. We cannot
assure you that such growth will be sustained or that the
Chinese economy will not experience contraction in the future.
Moreover, any slowdown in the economies of the United States,
the European Union or certain other Asian countries may
adversely effect economic growth in China and
13
elsewhere. Our revenues and net income, as well as our future
prospects, would likely be materially reduced by an economic
downturn in any of these countries.
Changes
in the economic and political environment in China and policies
adopted by the government to regulate its economy may have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most countries
belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, or OECD, in such respects as structure, government
involvement, level of development, growth rate, capital
reinvestment, allocation of resources, rate of inflation and
balance of payments position. Prior to 1978, the Chinese economy
was a planned economy. Since 1978, increasing emphasis has been
placed on the utilization of market forces in the development of
the Chinese economy. There is an increasing level of freedom and
autonomy in areas such as allocation of resources, production,
pricing and management and a gradual shift in emphasis to a
market economy and enterprise reform. Although
limited price reforms were undertaken, with the result that
prices for certain commodities are principally determined by
market forces, many of the reforms are experimental and may be
subject to change or abolition. We cannot assure you that the
Chinese government will continue to pursue a policy of economic
reform. The level of imports to and exports from China could be
adversely affected by changes to these economic reforms, as well
as by changes in political, economic and social conditions or
other relevant policies of the Chinese government, such as
changes in laws, regulations or export and import restrictions,
all of which could, adversely affect our business, operating
results and financial condition.
Charter
rates are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may adversely
affect our financial condition.
Our fleet consists of Handysize and, upon the delivery of the
M/V Free Jupiter, Handymax drybulk carriers that operate
in markets that have historically exhibited seasonal variations
in demand and, as a result, in charter rates. This seasonality
may result in quarter-to-quarter volatility in our operating
results. The energy markets primarily affect the demand for
coal, with increases during hot summer periods when air
conditioning and refrigeration require more electricity and
towards the end of the calendar year in anticipation of the
forthcoming winter period. The demand for iron ore tends to
decline in the summer months because many of the major steel
users, such as automobile makers, reduce their level of
production significantly during the summer holidays. Grain
shipments are driven by the harvest within a climate zone.
Because three of the five largest grain producers (the United
States, Canada and the European Union) are located in the
northern hemisphere and the other two (Argentina and Australia)
are located in the southern hemisphere, harvests occur
throughout the year and grains require drybulk shipping
accordingly. As a result of these factors, the drybulk shipping
industry is typically stronger in the fall and winter months.
Therefore, we expect our revenues from our drybulk carriers to
be typically weaker during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and
September 30 and, conversely, we expect our revenues from our
drybulk carriers to be typically stronger in fiscal quarters
ended December 31 and March 31. Seasonality in the drybulk
industry could materially affect our operating results.
The
operation of drybulk carriers has certain unique operational
risks.
The operation of certain vessel types, such as drybulk carriers,
has certain unique risks. With a drybulk carrier, the cargo
itself and its interaction with the ship can be a risk factor.
By their nature, drybulk cargoes are often heavy, dense, easily
shifted, and react badly to water exposure. In addition, drybulk
carriers are often subjected to battering treatment during
unloading operations with grabs, jackhammers (to pry encrusted
cargoes out of the hold), and small bulldozers. This treatment
may cause damage to the vessel. Vessels damaged due to treatment
during unloading procedures may be more susceptible to breach to
the sea. Hull breaches in drybulk carriers may lead to the
flooding of the vessels holds. If a drybulk carrier suffers
flooding in its forward holds, the bulk cargo may become so
dense and waterlogged that its pressure may buckle the vessels
bulkheads leading to the loss of a vessel. If we are unable to
adequately maintain our vessels we may be unable to prevent
these events. Any of these circumstances or events could
negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of
operations and ability to pay dividends. In addition, the loss
of any of our vessels could harm our reputation as a safe and
reliable vessel owner and operator.
14
We are
subject to regulation and liability under environmental laws
that could require significant expenditures and reduce our cash
flows and net income.
Our business and the operation of our vessels are materially
affected by government regulation in the form of international
conventions and national, state and local laws and regulations
in force in the jurisdictions in which the vessels operate, as
well as in the country or countries of their registration. We
are also required by various governmental and quasi-governmental
agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates
with respect to our operations. Because such conventions, laws,
regulations and permit requirements are often revised, we cannot
predict the ultimate cost of complying with such conventions,
laws, regulations or permit requirements, or the impact thereof
on the resale prices or useful lives of our vessels. Additional
conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could
limit our ability to do business and thereby reduce our revenue
or increase our cost of doing business, thereby materially
decreasing our net income.
The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set
forth in the International Safety Management, or ISM, Code. The
ISM Code requires shipowners and bareboat charterers to develop
and maintain an extensive Safety Management System.
The system includes the adoption of a safety and environmental
protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for
safe operation and dealing with emergencies. The failure of a
shipowner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may
subject such party to increased liability, may decrease
available insurance coverage for the affected vessels,
and/or may
result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports.
Currently, Lloyds Register of Shipping has awarded ISM and
International Ship and Port Facilities Security, or ISPS,
certification to all of our vessels and to Free Bulkers, our
ship management company. There can be no assurance, however,
that such certification will be maintained indefinitely.
The European Union is considering legislation that will affect
the operation of vessels and the liability of owners for oil
pollution. It is difficult to predict what legislation, if any,
may be promulgated by the European Union or any other country or
authority.
We currently maintain, for each of our vessels, protection and
indemnity insurance, which includes pollution liability
coverage, in the amount of one billion dollars per incident. If
the damages from a catastrophic incident exceeded our insurance
coverage, the payment of these damages may materially decrease
our net income.
The International Maritime Organization, or IMO, or other
regulatory bodies may adopt further regulations in the future
that could adversely affect the useful lives of our vessels as
well as our ability to generate income from them. These
requirements can also affect the resale value of our vessels.
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established
an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection
and clean-up
of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all owners and
operators whose vessels trade in the United States of America or
any of its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate
in waters of the United States of America, which includes the
territorial sea of the United States of America and its 200
nautical mile exclusive economic zone.
Under OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are
responsible parties and are jointly, severally and
strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or
omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for
all containment and
clean-up
costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened
discharges of oil from their vessels, including bunkers (fuel).
If any
of our vessels fail to maintain their class certification and/or
fail any annual survey, intermediate survey, dry docking or
special survey, that vessel would be unable to carry cargo,
thereby reducing our revenues and profitability and violating
certain loan covenants of our third-party
indebtedness.
The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel must be
classed by a classification society authorized by its country of
registry. The classification society certifies that a vessel is
safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and
regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and the
Safety of Life at Sea Convention, or SOLAS. Our vessels are
currently classed with Lloyds Register of Shipping and
Korean Register of Shipping.
15
A vessel must undergo annual surveys, intermediate surveys, dry
dockings and special surveys. In lieu of a special survey, a
vessels machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle,
under which the machinery would be surveyed periodically over a
five-year period. Our vessels are on special survey cycles for
hull inspection and continuous survey cycles for machinery
inspection. Every vessel is also required to be dry-docked every
two to three years for inspection of the underwater parts of
such vessel.
If any vessel does not maintain its class
and/or fails
any annual survey, intermediate survey, dry docking or special
survey, the vessel will be unable to carry cargo between ports
and will be unemployable and uninsurable, thereby reducing our
revenues and profitability. That could also cause us to be in
violation of certain covenants in our loan agreements. In
addition, the cost of maintaining our vessels
classifications may be substantial at times and could result in
reduced revenues.
Maritime
claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our
cash flow.
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel,
shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a
maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or
damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lienholder may
enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through foreclosure
proceedings. The arresting or attachment of one or more of our
vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay
large sums of funds to have the arrest lifted.
In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under
the sister ship theory of liability, a claimant may
arrest both the vessel which is subject to the claimants
maritime lien and any associated vessel, which is
any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner or managed by
the same manager. Claimants could try to assert sister
ship liability against one of our vessels for claims
relating to another of our vessels or a vessel managed by our
manager.
Governments
could requisition our vessels during a period of war or
emergency, resulting in loss of earnings.
A government could requisition for title or seize our vessels.
Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of
a vessel and becomes the owner. A government could also
requisition our vessels for hire, which occurs when a government
takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes the charterer
at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during
a period of war or emergency. Government requisition of one or
more of our vessels could reduce our revenues and net income.
World
events outside our control such as terrorism and international
and regional hostilities may negatively affect our ability to
operate, thereby reducing our revenues and net income or our
ability to obtain additional financing, thereby restricting the
implementation of our business strategy.
Terrorist attacks such as those in New York on
September 11, 2001, the bombings in Spain on March 11,
2004 and in London on July 7, 2005, and the continuing
response of the United States and other countries to these
attacks, as well as the threat of future terrorist attacks in
the United States or elsewhere continue to cause uncertainty in
the world financial markets and may adversely affect our
business and operating results by increasing security costs and
creating delays because of heightened security measures. In the
past, political conflicts have also resulted in attacks on
vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt
international shipping, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region.
Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading
in regions such as the South China Sea.
Terrorist attacks and international and regional hostilities may
also negatively impact our vessels or our customers directly.
The continuing conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan may lead to
additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the
world, which may contribute to economic instability and could
result in increased volatility of the financial markets in the
United States of America and globally, an economic recession in
the United States of America or the world and a corresponding
reduction in our business and future prospects. Any of these
occurrences could prevent us from obtaining additional financing
on terms acceptable to us or at all and have a material adverse
impact on our operating results, revenues and costs which would
impair our implementation of our business strategy.
16
Risks
involved with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our
business and reputation, which may reduce our
revenues.
The operation of an ocean going vessel has inherent risks. These
risks include the possibility of:
|
|
|
|
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crew strikes
and/or
boycotts;
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marine disaster;
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piracy;
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environmental accidents;
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cargo and property losses or damage; and
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business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human
error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries,
labor strikes or adverse weather conditions.
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The involvement of any of our vessels in an environmental
disaster may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel
operator. Any of these circumstances or events could increase
our costs or lower our revenues.
Rising
fuel prices may adversely affect our profits.
The cost of fuel is a significant factor in negotiating charter
rates. As a result, an increase in the price of fuel beyond our
expectations may adversely affect our profitability. The price
and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on
events outside our control, including geo-political
developments, supply and demand for oil, actions by members of
OPEC and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil
producing countries and regions, regional production patterns
and environmental concerns and regulations.
Company-Specific
Risk Factors
We
have a limited operating history and have cumulative
deficits.
Our company was formed in April 2004, and we did not own or
operate any vessels prior to June 2004. We therefore have a
limited operating history and limited historical financial data
on which to evaluate our operations or our ability to implement
and achieve our business strategy. As of December 31, 2006
and March 31, 2007, we had cumulative deficits of
$2,702,000 and $1,789,000, respectively, which reflects the
impact of cumulative losses during 2006 and prior years.
Although we achieved net income of $913,000 for the first
quarter of 2007, there can be no assurances that we will achieve
net income for the remainder of the year or that our net income
will be sufficient to offset our cumulative deficit.
If we
fail to manage our planned growth properly, we may not be able
to successfully expand our market share.
We intend to continue to grow our fleet. Our growth will depend
on:
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locating and acquiring suitable vessels;
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identifying and consummating acquisitions or joint ventures;
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integrating any acquired vessel successfully with our existing
operations;
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enhancing our customer base;
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managing our expansion; and
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obtaining the required financing.
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Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks,
such as undisclosed liabilities and obligations and difficulty
experienced in (1) obtaining additional qualified
personnel, (2) managing relationships with customers and
suppliers and (3) integrating newly acquired operations
into existing infrastructures.
17
We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in
executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant
expenses and losses in connection with the execution of those
growth plans.
Our
charterers may terminate or default on their charters, which
could adversely affect our results of operations and cash
flow.
Our charters may terminate earlier than the dates indicated in
this prospectus. The terms of our charters vary as to which
events or occurrences will cause a charter to terminate or give
the charterer the option to terminate the charter, but these
generally include a total or constructive total loss of the
related vessel, the requisition for hire of the related vessel,
or the failure of the related vessel to meet specified
performance criteria. In addition, the ability of each of our
charterers to perform its obligations under a charter will
depend on a number of factors that are beyond our control. These
factors may include general economic conditions, the condition
of the drybulk shipping industry, the charter rates received for
specific types of vessels, and various operating expenses. The
costs and delays associated with the default by a charterer of a
vessel may be considerable and may adversely affect our
business, results of operations, cash flows and financial
condition.
We cannot predict whether our charterers will, upon the
expiration of their charters, recharter our vessels on favorable
terms or at all. If our charterers decide not to re-charter our
vessels, we may not be able to recharter them on terms similar
to the terms of our current charters or at all. If we receive
lower charter rates under replacement charters or are unable to
recharter all of our vessels, our business, operating results
and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Our
earnings may be adversely affected if we do not successfully
employ our vessels.
We intend to employ our vessels in fixed-rate period charters
and spot charters. While current charter rates are high relative
to historical rates, the charter market is volatile, and at
times in the past charter rates for vessels have declined below
operating costs of vessels. If our vessels become available for
employment in the spot market or under new period charters
during periods when charter rates have fallen, we may have to
employ our vessels at depressed charter rates that would lead to
reduced or volatile earnings. We cannot assure you that future
charter rates will be at a level that will enable us to operate
our vessels profitably or to repay our debt.
We
will not be able to take advantage of favorable opportunities in
the current spot market with respect to vessels employed on
medium- to long-term time charters.
Following the delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter, three of
the four vessels in our fleet will be employed under medium- to
long-term time charters, with expiration dates ranging from
April 2008 to September 2010. Although medium- and long-term
time charters provide relatively steady streams of revenue,
vessels committed to medium- and long-term charters may not be
available for spot voyages during periods of increasing charter
hire rates, when spot voyages might be more profitable.
We
previously relied on spot charters and may spot-charter certain
of our vessels in the future. The rates on spot charters are
very competitive and volatile, which can result in decreased
revenues if spot charter rates decline.
Our vessels have previously been spot chartered, which made our
historical revenues subject to greater fluctuation. In the
future, we may continue to spot charter certain of our vessels.
The spot charter market is highly competitive and rates within
this market are subject to volatile fluctuations, while
longer-term period time charters provide income at
pre-determined rates over more extended periods of time. If we
decide to continue to spot charter certain of our vessels, there
can be no assurance that we will be successful in keeping those
vessels fully employed in these short-term markets or that
future spot rates will be sufficient to enable those vessels to
be operated profitably.
18
If
vessels that we acquire for our fleet are not delivered on time
or delivered with significant defects, our business, results of
operations and financial condition could be adversely
affected.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter
in August or September 2007. We had entered into memoranda
of agreement to purchase two additional vessels, but these were
cancelled by agreement with the sellers. See Prospectus
Summary Recent Developments. We intend to seek
to replace these two undelivered vessels with alternative
tonnage of similar profile and return characteristics. A
prolonged delay in the delivery to us of the M/V Free Jupiter
or of any replacement vessels we may identify, or the
failure of the contract counterparty to deliver a vessel at all,
could cause us to breach our obligations under a related time
charter and could adversely affect our business, results of
operations, financial condition and the ability to pay
dividends. The delivery of any of these vessels with substantial
defects could have similar consequences.
If we
cannot complete the purchase of the M/V Free Jupiter and of any
replacement vessels for the
M/V Free
Iris and M/V Free Gentleman, we may use the proceeds of this
offering for general corporate purposes with which you may not
agree.
Certain events may arise that could result in us not taking
delivery of a vessel, such as sellers default, a total
loss of a vessel, a constructive total loss of a vessel, or
substantial damage to a vessel prior to its delivery. If the
sellers of the M/V Free Jupiter or of any replacement
vessels for the M/V Free Iris or M/V Free Gentleman
fail to deliver the vessels to us as agreed, or if we cancel
a purchase agreement because a seller has not met its
obligations, our management will have the discretion to apply
the proceeds of this offering that we would have used to repay
debt incurred for the purchase of those vessels to acquire other
vessels or for general corporate purposes with which you may not
agree. We will not escrow the proceeds from this offering and
will not return the proceeds to you if we do not take delivery
of one or more vessels. It may take a substantial period of time
before we can locate and purchase other suitable vessels. During
this period, the portion of the proceeds of this offering
originally planned for the acquisition of the M/V Free
Jupiter and for replacement vessels for the M/V Free Iris
and M/V Free Gentleman may be invested in other
instruments and therefore may not yield returns at rates
comparable to those that vessels might have earned, which would
have a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.
We
depend entirely on Free Bulkers and Safbulk Pty Ltd. to manage
and charter our fleet.
Our executive management team consists of only two individuals,
our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer. We
currently contract the management of our fleet, including
crewing, maintenance and repair, as well as our financial
reporting and internal controls, to Free Bulkers, an affiliated
company. Free Bulkers has entered into a sub-management
agreement with Safbulk, a company controlled by the Restis
family, for the commercial management of our fleet, including
negotiating and obtaining charters, relations with charter
brokers and performance of post-charter activities. We are
dependent upon Free Bulkers for technical management of our
fleet and upon Safbulk for our ability to attract charterers and
charter brokers. The loss of either of their services or their
failure to perform their obligations could reduce our revenues
and net income and adversely affect our operations and business.
Although we may have rights against Free Bulkers, if Free
Bulkers defaults on its obligations to us, you may have no
recourse against Free Bulkers. In addition, if Safbulk defaults
on its obligations to Free Bulkers, we may have no recourse
against Safbulk. Further, we expect that we will need approval
from our lenders if we intend to replace Free Bulkers as our
fleet manager.
Because
our seafaring employees are covered by collective bargaining
agreements, failure of industry groups to renew those agreements
may disrupt our operations and adversely affect our
earnings.
All of the seafarers employed on the vessels in our fleet are
covered by collective bargaining agreements that set basic
standards. We cannot assure you that these agreements will
prevent labor interruptions. Any labor interruptions could
disrupt our operations and harm our financial performance.
19
If
Free Bulkers is unable to perform under its vessel management
agreements with us, our results of operations may be adversely
affected.
As we expand our fleet, we will rely on Free Bulkers to recruit
suitable additional seafarers and to meet other demands imposed
on Free Bulkers. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be
able to meet these demands as we expand our fleet. If Free
Bulkers crewing agents encounter business or financial
difficulties, they may not be able to adequately staff our
vessels. If Free Bulkers is unable to provide the commercial and
technical management service for our vessels, our business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial position and our
ability to pay dividends may be materially adversely affected.
We,
and one of our executive officers, have affiliations with Free
Bulkers that could create conflicts of interest detrimental to
us.
Our chairman, chief executive officer and president, Ion G.
Varouxakis, is also the controlling shareholder and officer of
Free Bulkers, which is our ship management company. These dual
responsibilities of our officer and the relationships between
the two companies could create conflicts of interest between
Free Bulkers and us. Each of our operating subsidiaries has a
nonexclusive management agreement with Free Bulkers. Free
Bulkers has subcontracted the charter and post charter
management of our fleet to Safbulk Pty Ltd. which is controlled
by FS Holdings Limited, one of our principal shareholders.
Although Free Bulkers currently serves as manager for vessels
owned by us, neither Free Bulkers nor Safbulk is restricted from
entering into management agreements with other competing
shipping companies, and Safbulk provides management services to
other international shipping companies, including the Restis
group, which owns and operates vessels in the drybulk sector.
Free Bulkers or Safbulk could also allocate charter
and/or
vessel purchase and sale opportunities to others. There can be
no assurance that Free Bulkers or Safbulk would resolve any
conflicts of interest in a manner beneficial to us.
Operational
or financial problems experienced by Free Bulkers, our
affiliate, may adversely impact us.
The ability of Free Bulkers to continue providing services for
us will depend in part on Free Bulkers own financial
strength. Circumstances beyond our control could impair Free
Bulkers financial strength and, as a result, Free
Bulkers ability to fulfill its obligations to us which
could have a material adverse effect on us.
If
Free Bulkers is unable to recruit suitable seafarers for our
fleet or as we expand our fleet, our results of operations may
be adversely affected.
We will rely on Free Bulkers to recruit suitable senior officers
and crews as we expand our fleet. In addition, as we expand our
fleet, we will have to rely on Free Bulkers to recruit suitable
additional seafarers. We cannot assure you that Free Bulkers
will be able to continue to hire suitable employees as we expand
our fleet. If Free Bulkers crewing agents encounter
business or financial difficulties, they may not be able to
adequately staff our vessels. We expect that all or part of the
seafarers who will be employed on the ships in our fleet will be
covered by industry-wide collective bargaining agreements that
set basic standards. We cannot assure you that these agreements
will prevent labor interruptions. If Free Bulkers is unable to
recruit suitable seafarers as we expand our fleet, our business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition and
our ability to pay dividends may be materially adversely
affected.
In the
highly competitive international drybulk shipping industry, we
may not be able to compete for charters with new entrants or
established companies with greater resources.
We employ our vessels in a highly competitive market that is
capital intensive and highly fragmented. Competition arises
primarily from other vessel owners, some of whom have
substantially greater resources than we have. Competition for
the transportation of drybulk cargoes can be intense and depends
on price, location, size, age, condition and the acceptability
of the vessel and its managers to the charterers. Due in part to
the highly fragmented market, competitors with greater resources
could operate larger fleets through consolidations or
acquisitions that may be able to offer better prices and fleets.
20
A
decline in the market value of our vessels could lead to a
default under our loan agreements and the loss of our
vessels.
We have incurred secured debt under loan agreements for all of
our vessels. See See Business Loans for
Vessels. If the market value of our fleet declines, we may
not be in compliance with certain provisions of our existing
loan agreements and we may not be able to refinance our debt or
obtain additional financing. If we are unable to pledge
additional collateral, our lenders could accelerate our debt and
foreclose on our fleet.
Servicing
debt may limit funds available for other purposes and inability
to service debt may lead to acceleration of debt and foreclosure
on our fleet.
To finance our original fleet of vessels, one of which was sold
in April 2007, we incurred secured debt under loan agreements
with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. that are guaranteed
by us and unsecured, non-interest-bearing shareholder loans. As
of March 31, 2007, we had total debt consisting of loans
from shareholders of $2.3 million and a ratio of bank debt
to total capital of approximately 52.6%. The long-term debt
requires quarterly payments of principal and interest and the
shareholder loans require quarterly payments of principal. See
Business Loans for Vessels.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase two secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero and the M/V Free
Jupiter, from non-affiliated parties for a total of
approximately $72.25 million. We took delivery of the M/V
Free Hero on July 3, 2007 and we expect to take
delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter in August or September
2007. We intend to seek to replace the two undelivered vessels
with alternative tonnage of similar profile and return
characteristics in an effort to expand our fleet in the
Handysize/Handymax segment. To finance the acquisition of these
vessels, we have: obtained loan commitments from HSH Nordbank AG
and BTMU Capital Corporation for an aggregate of
$89.5 million in the form of a secured senior loan and a
junior secured loan, as well as a $14.0 million unsecured
loan from FS Holdings, one of our principal shareholders. We
have also entered into a credit agreement with Hollandsche
Bank Unie N.V. increasing the amount available on an
existing facility from $5.0 million to $9.0 million.
These borrowings will materially increase our long-term debt,
our shareholder debt, and our ratio of debt to total capital.
If we are not able to repay a portion of our borrowings using
the proceeds of this offering, we will be required to dedicate a
significant portion of our cash flow from operations to pay the
principal and interest on our debt. These requirements will
increase as we draw additional funds available for the
acquisition of new vessels. These payments will limit funds
otherwise available for working capital, capital expenditures
and other purposes. We will need to incur additional
indebtedness as we further expand our fleet, which would
increase our ratio of debt to equity. The need to service our
debt may limit funds available for other purposes, including
distributing cash to our shareholders, and our inability to
service debt could lead to acceleration of our debt and
foreclosure on our fleet.
We have received an offer letter contingent upon, among other
things, the execution of formal loan agreements, for a senior
secured credit facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter
of this offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to refinance our
Acquisition Debt Facilities and a $38.3 million facility
for the purchase of additional vessels. The repayment and
interest terms contained in this offer letter are more favorable
than those contained in our Acquisition Debt Facilities and
would increase our cash flow and should result in funds
available for vessel acquisitions and payment of dividends to
our shareholders. We intend to enter into this senior credit
facility only if we successfully complete this offering. We
cannot assure you that we will enter into a formal agreement
with Credit Suisse. See Business Loans for
Vessels for a description of this Credit Suisse offer
letter.
Continued
increase in interest rates would reduce funds available to
purchase vessels and service debt.
The rise in interest rates since 2005 has caused our interest
cost to increase and has had a material adverse effect on our
net income. Any further interest rate increases could further
reduce our revenues and net income. We have purchased, and may
purchase in the future, vessels with loans that provide for
periodic interest payments based on indices that fluctuate with
changes in market interest rates. If interest rates increase
significantly, it would increase our costs of financing our
acquisition of vessels, which could decrease the
21
number of additional vessels that we could acquire and adversely
affect our financial condition and results of operations and may
adversely affect our ability to service debt.
Our
loan agreements and commitment letters contain covenants that
may limit our liquidity and corporate activities.
Our loan agreements impose operating and financial restrictions
on us. These restrictions may limit our ability to:
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incur additional indebtedness;
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create liens on our assets;
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sell capital stock of our subsidiaries;
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make investments;
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engage in mergers or acquisitions;
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pay dividends;
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make capital expenditures; and
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change the management of our vessels or terminate or materially
amend the management and sell our vessels.
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In addition, our credit facilities contain a number of financial
covenants and general covenants that require us to, among other
things, maintain minimum vessel values, minimum cash balances on
deposit, minimum working capital and adequate insurance.
Therefore, we may need to seek permission from our lenders in
order to undertake certain corporate actions. Our lenders
interests may be different from ours, and we cannot guarantee
that we will be able to obtain our lenders permission when
needed. This may prevent us from taking actions that are in our
best interest.
We
cannot assure you that we will pay dividends.
There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends. We may
incur expenses or liabilities that would reduce or eliminate the
cash available for distribution as dividends, including as a
result of the risks described in this section of the prospectus.
Our credit agreements may also prohibit our declaration and
payment of dividends under some circumstances. For example, our
offer letter for a senior secured credit facility from Credit
Suisse, the lead underwriter of this offering, permits payments
of dividends to our shareholders provided we are in compliance
with certain loan covenants. See Business
Loans for Vessels. We may also enter into new financing or
other agreements that will restrict our ability to pay dividends.
In addition, the declaration and payment of dividends will be
subject at all times to the discretion of our board of
directors. The timing and amount of dividends will depend on our
earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and
availability, fleet renewal and expansion, restrictions in our
credit agreements, the provisions of Marshall Islands law
affecting the payment of dividends and other factors. Marshall
Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends other
than from surplus or while a company is insolvent or would be
rendered insolvent upon the payment of such dividends; but in
case there is no surplus, dividends may be declared or paid out
of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is
declared and for the preceding fiscal year.
We are
a holding company, and we will depend on the ability of our
subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our
financial obligations or to make dividend
payments.
We are a holding company and our subsidiaries, which are all
wholly-owned by us either directly or indirectly, will conduct
all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We
have no significant assets other than the equity interests in
our wholly-owned subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make
dividend payments depends on our subsidiaries and their ability
to distribute funds to us. If we are unable to obtain funds from
our subsidiaries, our board of directors may exercise its
discretion not to pay dividends. We and our subsidiaries will be
permitted to pay dividends under our senior secured term loan
only for so long as we are in
22
compliance with all applicable financial covenants, terms and
conditions. In addition, we and our subsidiaries are subject to
limitations on the payment of dividends under Marshall Islands
laws discussed above.
The
performance of our existing charters and the creditworthiness of
our charterers may hinder our ability to implement our business
strategy by making additional debt financing unavailable or
available only at higher than anticipated cost.
The actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, and
any defaults by them, may materially affect our ability to
obtain the additional debt financing that we will require to
acquire additional vessels or may significantly increase our
costs of obtaining such financing. Our inability to obtain
additional financing at all, or at a higher than anticipated
cost, may materially impair our ability to implement our
business strategy.
As we
expand our business, we will need to upgrade our operational and
financial systems, and add more staff. If we cannot upgrade
these systems or recruit suitable additional employees, our
performance may suffer.
Our current operating and financial systems may not be adequate
if we expand the size of our fleet, and our attempt to improve
those systems may be ineffective. In addition, if we expand our
fleet, we will have to rely on Free Bulkers to recruit
additional shoreside administrative and management personnel. We
cannot assure you that Free Bulkers will be able to continue to
hire suitable additional employees as we expand our fleet. If we
cannot upgrade our operational and financial systems effectively
or recruit suitable additional employees our performance may
suffer and our ability to expand our business further will be
restricted.
We
will be required to evaluate our controls, as required by
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which will
require substantial resources. If these evaluations result in
the identification of material weaknesses, we may be adversely
affected until these weaknesses can be corrected.
We are required to comply with a variety of laws, regulations
and standards relating to corporate governance and public
disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, new SEC
regulations and the NASDAQ Capital Market rules. In particular,
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires
managements annual review and evaluation of our internal
control systems, and attestations as to the effectiveness of
these systems by our independent public accounting firm. We
anticipate that we will have to dedicate additional resources
and accelerate progress on the required assessments in order to
complete documenting and testing our internal control systems
and procedures in the time to enable us to timely file our
annual report on
Form 20-F
for the year ended December 31, 2007. If we determine that
we will require additional employees to complete this process,
we may have difficulty in identifying and employing individuals
with the necessary knowledge and experience. During the course
of testing, deficiencies may be identified that we may not be
able to remediate to meet the deadline imposed by the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of
Section 404. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our
internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented
or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that
we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective
internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, if we
fail to correct any deficiencies we identify, we may not obtain
an unqualified attestation report from our independent public
accounting firm, which will be required for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2008. Failure to achieve and maintain an
effective internal control environment or obtain an unqualified
report could have a material adverse effect on the market price
of our stock.
We may
be unable to attract and retain key management personnel and
other employees in the shipping industry, which may reduce the
effectiveness of our management and lower our results of
operations.
Our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities
and efforts of our existing management team. The loss of any of
these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects
and financial condition. We have entered into employment
agreements with our chairman, chief executive officer and
president, Ion G. Varouxakis, and our chief financial officer,
Dimitris D. Papadopoulos. Our success will depend on retaining
key members of our management team. Difficulty in hiring and
retaining personnel could adversely affect our results of
operations and ability to pay dividends. We do not maintain
key man life insurance on any of our officers.
23
Our
vessels may suffer damage and may face unexpected dry-docking
costs, which could reduce our cash flow and impair our financial
condition.
If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a
dry-docking facility. The costs of dry-dock repairs are
unpredictable and can be substantial. We may have to pay
dry-docking costs that our insurance does not cover. The loss of
earnings while these vessels are being repaired and
reconditioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs,
would decrease our earnings.
The
loss of service of any vessels could have a material adverse
effect on our earnings.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, we had three
vessels in our fleet. In April 2007, we sold one of our vessels
and we took delivery of another vessel, the M/V Free
Hero, in July 2007. Although we have entered into memoranda
of agreement to acquire an additional vessel, this acquisition
is not expected to occur until August or September 2007. As a
result, the loss of service of any of our vessels, especially
our three current vessels, could have a material adverse effect
on our earnings.
Purchasing
and operating previously owned, or secondhand, vessels may
result in increased operating costs and vessels off-hire, which
could adversely affect our earnings.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we have entered into a memorandum of agreement to
acquire an additional secondhand vessel. Although we inspect the
secondhand vessels that we acquire prior to purchase, this
inspection does not provide us with the same knowledge about
their condition and cost of any required (or anticipated)
repairs that we would have had if these vessels had been built
for and operated exclusively by us. Generally, we do not receive
the benefit of warranties on secondhand vessels.
In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating
condition increase with the age of the vessel. Older vessels are
typically less fuel efficient and more costly to maintain than
more recently constructed vessels. Cargo insurance rates
increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less
desirable to charterers.
Governmental regulations or safety or other equipment standards
related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for
alterations, or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels
and may restrict the type of activities in which the vessels may
engage. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market
conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to
operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their
useful lives. If we sell vessels, it is not certain that the
price for which we sell them will equal their carrying amount at
that time.
The
aging of our fleet may result in increased operating costs in
the future, which could adversely affect our
earnings.
In general, the costs to maintain a vessel in good operating
condition increase with the age of the vessel. Upon acquisition
of the additional vessel that we have agreed to acquire, the
average age of our drybulk carriers at the time of this offering
will be approximately 16 years. Older vessels are typically
less fuel-efficient and more costly to maintain than more
recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine
technology. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a
vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers.
Governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards
related to the age of vessels may require expenditures for
alterations or the addition of new equipment, to our vessels and
may restrict the type of activities in which our vessels may
engage. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market
conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to
operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their
useful lives.
Unless
we set aside reserves or are able to borrow funds for vessel
replacement, at the end of a vessels useful life our
revenue will decline, which would adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
Unless we maintain reserves or are able to borrow or raise funds
for vessel replacement we will be unable to replace the vessels
in our fleet upon the expiration of their useful lives, which we
expect to range from 25 years to 30 years, depending
on the type of vessel. Our cash flows and income are dependent
on the
24
revenues earned by the chartering of our vessels to customers.
If we are unable to replace the vessels in our fleet upon the
expiration of their useful lives, our business, results of
operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends
will be materially and adversely affected. Any reserves set
aside for vessel replacement may not be available for dividends.
Because
we will generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but will
incur a portion of our expenses in other currencies, exchange
rate fluctuations could have an adverse impact on our results of
operations.
We will generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but we
expect that portions of our future expenses will be incurred in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This difference
could lead to fluctuations in net income due to changes in the
value of the dollar relative to the other currencies, in
particular the Euro. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies
against which the dollar falls in value can increase, decreasing
our revenues. For example, during 2006, the value of the dollar
declined by approximately 11% as compared to the Euro and
declined approximately 1.8% further during the first six months
of 2007. Further declines in the value of the dollar could lead
to higher expenses payable by us.
Investment
in derivative instruments such as freight forward agreements
could result in losses.
From time to time in the future, we may take positions in
derivative instruments including freight forward agreements, or
FFAs. FFAs and other derivative instruments may be used to hedge
a vessel owners exposure to the charter market by
providing for the sale of a contracted charter rate along a
specified route and period of time. Upon settlement, if the
contracted charter rate is less than the average of the rates,
as reported by an identified index, for the specified route and
time period, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer
an amount equal to the difference between the contracted rate
and the settlement rate, multiplied by the number of days in the
specified period. Conversely, if the contracted rate is greater
than the settlement rate, the buyer is required to pay the
seller the settlement sum. If we take positions in FFAs or other
derivative instruments and do not correctly anticipate charter
rate movements over the specified route and time period, we
could suffer losses in the settling or termination of the FFA.
This could adversely affect our results of operation and cash
flow.
We may
not have adequate insurance to compensate us adequately for
damage to, or loss of, our vessels.
We procure hull and machinery insurance, protection and
indemnity insurance, which includes environmental damage and
pollution insurance and war risk insurance for our fleet. We do
not maintain insurance against loss of hire, which covers
business interruptions that result in the loss of use of a
vessel. We can give no assurance that we are adequately insured
against all other risks. We may not be able to obtain adequate
insurance coverage for our fleet in the future. Our insurance
policies contain deductibles for which we will be responsible
and limitations and exclusions which may increase our costs.
Moreover, we cannot assure that the insurers will not default on
any claims they are required to pay. If our insurance is not
enough to cover claims that may arise, we may not be able to
repair any damage to our vessels or replace any vessel that is
lost or may have to use our own funds for those purposes,
thereby reducing our funds available to implement our business
strategy.
We may
have to pay tax on United States source income, which would
reduce our earnings.
Under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the
Code, 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or
chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our subsidiaries,
that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but
that does not both begin and end, in the United States may be
subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without
allowance for deduction, unless that corporation qualifies for
exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code and the
applicable Treasury Regulations recently promulgated thereunder.
We expect that we and each of our subsidiaries qualify for this
statutory tax exemption and we will take this position for
United States federal income tax return reporting purposes.
However, there are factual circumstances beyond our control that
could cause us to lose the benefit of this tax exemption after
the
25
offering and thereby become subject to United States federal
income tax on our United States source income. For example,
there is a risk that we could no longer qualify for exemption
under Code section 883 for a particular taxable year if
qualified shareholders with a 5% or greater interest
in our stock, as defined by the regulations to Code
section 883, do not own sufficient shares in our closely
held block of stock to preclude nonqualified
shareholders, as defined by those same regulations, from
owning 50 percent or more of the total value of the class
of stock of which our closely-held block is a part for more than
half the number of days during the taxable year. See, Tax
Considerations United States Federal Income Taxation
of Our Company Exemption of Operating Income from
United States Federal Income Taxation, for more
information regarding this exemption. Due to the factual nature
of the issues involved, we can give no assurances on our
tax-exempt status or that of any of our subsidiaries.
If we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to exemption under
Section 883 for any taxable year, we or our subsidiaries
could be subject for those years to an effective 4%
U.S. federal income tax on the shipping income these
companies derive during the year that are attributable to the
transport of cargoes to or from the United States. The
imposition of this taxation would have a negative effect on our
business and would result in decreased earnings available for
distribution to our shareholders.
U.S.
tax authorities could treat us as a passive foreign
investment company, which could have adverse U.S. federal
income tax consequences to U.S. holders.
A foreign corporation will be treated as a passive foreign
investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income
tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income
for any taxable year consists of certain types of passive
income or (2) at least 50% of the average value of
the corporations assets produce or are held for the
production of those types of passive income. For
purposes of these tests, passive income includes
dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of
investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and
royalties which are received from unrelated parties in
connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For
purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of
services does not constitute passive income.
U.S. shareholders of a PFIC are subject to a
disadvantageous U.S. federal income tax regime with respect
to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they
receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the
sale or other disposition of their shares in the PFIC.
Based on our proposed method of operation, we do not believe
that we will be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this
regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are
deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services
income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that
our time chartering activities does not constitute passive
income, and the assets that we own and operate in
connection with the production of that income do not constitute
passive assets.
There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC
rules addressing our proposed method of operation. Accordingly,
no assurance can be given that the U.S. Internal Revenue
Service, or IRS, or a court of law will accept our position, and
there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine
that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we
would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there
were to be changes in the nature and extent of our operations.
If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any
taxable year, our U.S. shareholders will face adverse
U.S. tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those
shareholders make an election available under the Code (which
election could itself have adverse consequences for such
shareholders, as discussed below under Tax
Considerations United States Federal Income Taxation
of U.S. Holders), such shareholders would be liable
to pay United States federal income tax at the then prevailing
income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess
distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our
common shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been
recognized ratably over the shareholders holding period of
our common shares. See Tax Considerations
United States Federal Income Taxation of U.S. Holders
for a more comprehensive discussion of the U.S. federal
income tax consequences to U.S. shareholders if we are
treated as a PFIC.
26
Offering-Specific
Risk Factors
There
may not be a liquid market for our common stock, which may cause
our common stock to trade at lower prices and make it difficult
to sell your common stock.
Although we have made application to list our shares on the
NASDAQ Global Market, until now our shares have traded on the
NASDAQ Capital Market and the trading volume has been low. We
cannot predict at this time how actively our shares will trade
in the public market or whether the price of our shares in the
public market will reflect our actual financial performance
The
market price of our common stock has been and may in the future
be subject to significant fluctuations.
The market price of our common stock has been and may in the
future be subject to significant fluctuations as a result of
many factors, some of which are beyond our control. Among the
factors that have in the past and could in the future affect our
stock price are:
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quarterly variations in our results of operations;
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changes in sales or earnings estimates or publication of
research reports by analysts;
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speculation in the press or investment community about our
business or the shipping industry generally;
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changes in market valuations of similar companies and stock
market price and volume fluctuations generally;
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strategic actions by us or our competitors such as acquisitions
or restructurings;
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regulatory developments;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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general market conditions; and
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domestic and international economic, market and currency factors
unrelated to our performance.
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The stock markets in general, and the markets for drybulk
shipping and shipping stocks in general, have experienced
extreme volatility that has sometimes been unrelated to the
operating performance of particular companies. These broad
market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of
our common stock.
You
will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result
of this offering and may experience additional dilution in the
future.
If you purchase common stock in this offering, you will pay more
for your shares of common stock than the amounts paid on average
by our existing shareholders for their shares. As a result, you
will incur immediate and substantial dilution of
$ per share, representing the
difference between the public offering price and our pro forma
as adjusted net tangible book value per share as
of ,
2007, after giving effect to this offering. In addition,
purchasers of our common stock from us in this offering will
have contributed approximately % of
the aggregate price paid by all purchasers of our common stock
from us, but will own only
approximately % of the shares
outstanding after this offering. For more information, please
see Dilution.
If
holders of our warrants exercise their right to purchase shares
of our common stock, you will experience immediate
dilution.
As of the date of this prospectus, we have outstanding 200,000
Class A warrants issued to our initial shareholders, and
700,000 Class B warrants issued to FS Holdings Limited in
connection with our Acquisition Debt Facilities. Of our publicly
traded classes of warrants, we have outstanding as of the date
of this prospectus 1,828,750 Class W warrants and 1,843,750
Class Z warrants. Each of these warrants is exercisable to
purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of
$5.00 per share, and our Class A, Class W
27
and Class Z warrants must be exercised for cash. Our
Class A warrants expire July 29, 2011, our
Class B warrants expire on May 8, 2012 as to
275,000 shares and on June 22, 2012 as to
425,000 shares, our Class W warrants expire
July 29, 2009, and our Class Z warrants expire
July 29, 2011. As a result, if holders of our warrants
exercise their right to purchase shares of our common stock, we
may issue up to 4,572,500 additional shares of our common stock
at $5.00 per share, which will cause you immediate dilution.
In addition, we are obligated under the unit purchase option
sold to the lead underwriter in the initial public offering of
our predecessor to issue up to an additional 410,000 shares
of common stock. See Description of Capital
Stock Underwriters Unit Purchase Option.
Upon
the consummation of this offering, two of our principal
shareholders may effectively control the outcome of matters on
which our shareholders are entitled to vote, including the
election of directors and other significant corporate
actions.
Two of our principal shareholders, The Midas Touch S.A.
and FS Holdings Limited, controlled by Mr. Varouxakis and
members of the Restis family, respectively, currently own (not
including shares of common stock subject to options and
warrants) approximately 65.6% of our outstanding common stock.
Upon consummation of this offering they will own
approximately % of our outstanding
common stock. While our principal shareholders have no
agreement, arrangement or understanding relating to the voting
of their shares, they may effectively control the outcome of
matters on which our shareholders are entitled to vote,
including the election of directors and other significant
corporate actions. The interests of these shareholders may be
different from your interests.
Future
sales of our stock could cause the market price of our common
stock to decline.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in
the public market, or the perception that these sales could
occur, may depress the market price for our common stock. These
sales could also impair our ability to raise additional capital
through the sale of our equity securities in the future. We have
registered for resale an aggregate of 840,834 shares of
common stock beneficially owned by certain of our shareholders,
3,672,500 shares of our common stock issuable upon the
exercise of our Class W and Class Z warrants
(including 151,250 shares of FreeSeas common stock issuable
upon exercise of Class W and Class Z warrants owned by
certain shareholders), and 410,000 shares issuable upon the
exercise of a unit purchase option held by the lead underwriter
in the initial public offering of our predecessor.
We may issue additional shares of our stock in the future and
our shareholders may elect to sell large numbers of shares held
by them from time to time. Our amended and restated articles of
incorporation authorize us to issue up to 40,000,000 shares
of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of
which shares
of common stock will be outstanding immediately after this
offering, assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their
over-allotment option.
Because
the Republic of the Marshall Islands, where we are incorporated,
does not have a well-developed body of corporate law,
shareholders may have fewer rights and protections than under
typical United States law, such as Delaware, and
shareholders may have difficulty in protecting their interest
with regard to actions taken by our Board of
Directors.
Our corporate affairs are governed by amended and restated
articles of incorporation and by-laws and by the Marshall
Islands Business Corporations Act, or BCA. The provisions of the
BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of
states in the United States. However, there have been few
judicial cases in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities
of directors under the law of the Republic of the Marshall
Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and
fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or
judicial precedent in existence in certain
U.S. jurisdictions. Stockholder rights may differ as well.
For example, under Marshall Islands law, a copy of the notice of
any meeting of the shareholders must be given not less than
15 days before the meeting, whereas in Delaware such notice
must be given not less than 10 days before the meeting.
Therefore, if immediate shareholder action is required, a
meeting may not be able to be convened as quickly as it can be
convened under Delaware law. Also, under Marshall Islands law,
any action required to be taken by a meeting of shareholders may
only be
28
taken without a meeting if consent is in writing and is signed
by all of the shareholders entitled to vote, whereas under
Delaware law action may be taken by consent if approved by the
number of shareholders that would be required to approve such
action at a meeting. Therefore, under Marshall Islands law, it
may be more difficult for a company to take certain actions
without a meeting even if a majority of the shareholders approve
of such action. While the BCA does specifically incorporate the
non-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of
Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative
provisions, public shareholders may have more difficulty in
protecting their interests in the face of actions by the
management, directors or controlling shareholders than would
shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a
U.S. jurisdiction. For more information with respect to how
stockholder rights under Marshall Islands law compare with
stockholder rights under Delaware law, please read
Marshall Islands Company Considerations.
It may
not be possible for investors to enforce U.S. judgments against
us.
We, and all our subsidiaries, are or will be incorporated in
jurisdictions outside the U.S. and substantially all of our
assets and those of our subsidiaries and will be located outside
the U.S. In addition, most of our directors and officers
are or will be non-residents of the U.S., and all or a
substantial portion of the assets of these non-residents are or
will be located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be
difficult or impossible for U.S. investors to serve process
within the U.S. upon us, our subsidiaries, or our directors
and officers, or to enforce a judgment against us for civil
liabilities in U.S. courts. In addition, you should not
assume that courts in the countries in which we or our
subsidiaries are incorporated or where our or the assets of our
subsidiaries are located would enforce judgments of
U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or our
subsidiaries based upon the civil liability provisions of
applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws or would
enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us or our
subsidiaries based on those laws.
Anti-takeover
provisions in our organizational documents, and under Marshall
Islands corporate law, could make it difficult for our
shareholders to replace or remove our current board of directors
or have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a
merger or acquisition, which could adversely affect the market
price of our common stock.
Several provisions of our amended and restated articles of
incorporation and by-laws, and certain provisions of the
Marshall Islands corporate law, could make it difficult for our
shareholders to change the composition of our board of directors
in any one year, preventing them from changing the composition
of management. In addition, these provisions may discourage,
delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that shareholders may
consider favorable. These provisions include:
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authorizing our board of directors to issue blank
check preferred stock without shareholder approval;
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providing for a classified board of directors with staggered,
three year terms;
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prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
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authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only
upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a two-thirds
majority of the outstanding shares of our common shares, voting
as a single class, entitled to vote for the directors;
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limiting the persons who may call special meetings of
shareholders;
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establishing advance notice requirements for election to our
board of directors or proposing matters that can be acted on by
shareholders at shareholder meetings; and
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limiting our ability to enter into business combination
transactions with certain shareholders.
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These anti-takeover provisions could substantially impede the
ability of public shareholders to benefit from a change in
control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price
of our common shares and your ability to realize any potential
change of control premium.
29
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. These
forward-looking statements include information about possible or
assumed future results of our operations or our performance.
Words such as expects, intends,
plans, believes,
anticipates, estimates, and variations
of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify
the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are
reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations
will prove to have been correct. These statements involve known
and unknown risks and are based upon a number of assumptions and
estimates which are inherently subject to significant
uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our
control. Actual results may differ materially from those
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to,
statements regarding:
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our future operating or financial results;
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future, pending or recent acquisitions, business strategy, areas
of possible expansion, and expected capital spending or
operating expenses;
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drybulk shipping industry trends, including charter rates and
factors affecting vessel supply and demand;
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our financial condition and liquidity, including our ability to
obtain additional financing in the future to fund capital
expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate
activities;
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availability of crew, number of off-hire days, drydocking
requirements and insurance costs;
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our expectations about the availability of vessels to purchase
or the useful lives of our vessels;
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our ability to leverage to our advantage our managers
relationships and reputations in the drybulk shipping industry;
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changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns;
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changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken
by regulatory authorities;
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potential liability from future litigation;
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global and regional political conditions;
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acts of terrorism and other hostilities; and
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other factors discussed in the section titled Risk
Factors.
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We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, or the
documents to which we refer you in this prospectus, to reflect
any change in our expectations with respect to such statements
or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which
any statement is based.
30
PRICE
RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on
December 16, 2005 under the trading symbol FREE
upon completion of our merger with Trinity Partners Acquisition
Company Inc. Our Class W and Class Z warrants also are
traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols
FREEW and FREEZ, respectively. We are
applying to have our common stock and warrants listed on the
NASDAQ Global Market under the same symbols upon completion of
this offering.
The closing high and low sales prices of our common stock as
reported by the NASDAQ Capital Market, for the periods
indicated, are as follows:
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For the Period:
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Low
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High
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Year ended December 31,
2005(1)
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$
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5.33
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$
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5.40
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Quarterly for 2005:
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Fourth quarter(1)
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$
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5.33
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$
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5.40
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Year ended December 31,
2006
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$
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2.62
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$
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5.45
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Quarterly for 2006:
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First quarter
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$
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4.50
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$
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5.45
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Second quarter
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$
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3.65
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$
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4.85
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Third quarter
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$
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3.70
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$
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5.07
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Fourth quarter
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$
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2.62
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$
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4.90
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Quarterly for 2007:
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First quarter
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$
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2.76
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$
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5.15
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Second quarter
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$
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4.55
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$
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7.63
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Third quarter (through
August 6, 2007)
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$
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7.42
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$
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9.35
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Monthly for 2007:
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January
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$
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2.76
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$
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5.11
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February
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$
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4.53
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$
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4.77
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March
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$
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4.40
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$
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5.15
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April
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$
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4.55
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$
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4.99
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May
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$
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4.75
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$
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6.45
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June
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$
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6.09
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$
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7.63
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July
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$
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7.42
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$
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9.35
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August (through August 6,
2007)
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$
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8.30
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$
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8.47
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Includes the high and low information from December 16,
2005, the date on which our securities began trading on the
NASDAQ Capital Market. Prior to our merger with Trinity,
Trinitys securities traded on the OTC Bulletin Board. |
31
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately
$ million from this offering,
assuming that the underwriters over-allotment option is
not exercised and after deducting underwriting discounts and
commissions and offering expenses, based on
$ per share, which was the closing
price of our common stock
on ,
2007.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase four secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero, M/V Free Jupiter, M/V
Free Iris and M/V Free Gentleman, from
non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price of
$114.0 million. In accordance with the memoranda of
agreement, we provided deposits totaling $11.4 million to
the respective sellers of the above four vessels. We obtained
the funds for the deposits from a $5.5 million draw on the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan described below
and $5.9 million from our cash on hand, primarily resulting
from the sale of the M/V Free Fighter in April 2007. We
anticipated financing the remaining $102.6 million of the
purchase prices of the above vessels, due upon their respective
deliveries, by utilizing the following: (i) up to
$68.0 million in a senior secured loan from HSH Nordbank
AG; (ii) up to $21.5 million in a junior loan from
BTMU Capital Corporation, an affiliate of the Bank of Tokyo
Mitsubishi; (iii) the remaining $8.5 million of the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan (which was drawn
down on June 22, 2007 as discussed further under
Business Loans for Vessels) (we refer to
these three borrowing arrangements as our Acquisition Debt
Facilities); (iv) cash on hand from operations and
(v) an overdraft credit facility of $4 million
available from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we paid the $22.7 million remaining balance, net
of the deposit paid, of the $25.25 million purchase price
using $20.4 million from the above described senior and
junior financing sources and $2.3 million from cash on
hand. We expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter
in August or September 2007. The purchase price for the M/V
Free Jupiter is $47.0 million and we expect to
utilize the above-described financing sources to pay the
remaining $42.3 million balance of the purchase price due
upon delivery.
Due to a dispute between third parties unrelated to us and the
sellers of the M/V Free Gentleman and
M/V Free
Iris, which would have resulted in the vessels not being
delivered as per the terms of their respective memoranda of
agreement, we decided, in agreement with the sellers, to
terminate those agreements on July 27, 2007, with immediate
return of the full deposits for such vessels totaling
$4.25 million. We intend to seek to replace the two
undelivered vessels with alternative tonnage of similar profile
and return characteristics in an effort to expand our fleet in
the Handysize and/or Handymax segments. We intend to utilize our
available cash and the remainder of our existing credit
facilities as described above for any future near term
acquisitions.
We currently intend to use the proceeds of this offering in
conjunction with a $48.7 million loan from Credit Suisse to
refinance the Acquisition Debt Facilities. The availability of
this senior secured credit facility is contingent upon, among
other things, execution of formal loan documents and credit
committee approval. We intend to enter into this senior credit
facility only if we successfully complete this offering. We also
anticipate using the proceeds of this offering to repay any
amount that may be outstanding at the time of completion of this
offering under the $4.0 million overdraft facility from
Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. and the $1.9 million
outstanding balance under pre-existing shareholder loans used to
finance the acquisition of our original three vessels. We
currently intend to use any remaining proceeds from this
offering for general corporate purposes, including owners
equity contributions for additional vessel acquisitions. See
Business Loans for Vessels.
If we do not purchase the M/V Free Jupiter, we may use
the proceeds of this offering to purchase other vessels or for
general corporate purposes. In particular, certain events may
arise that could result in us not taking delivery of the M/V
Free Jupiter, such as its total loss, a constructive
total loss, or if it suffers substantial damage prior to its
delivery.
See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and
Capital Resources and Business Loans for
Vessels for more information about our Acquisition Debt
Facilities and our other borrowings.
32
DIVIDEND
POLICY
Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the
discretion of our board of directors. The timing and amount of
dividend payments will be dependent upon our earnings, financial
condition, cash requirements and availability, restrictions in
our loan agreements, the provisions of applicable law affecting
the payment of distributions to shareholders, and other factors.
Our board of directors will specifically consider our available
cash flow from operations during the previous quarter, less cash
expenses for that quarter (primarily vessel operating expenses
and interest expense) and any reserves our board of directors
determines we should maintain for reinvestment in our business
before declaring a quarterly dividend to our shareholders. These
reserves may cover, among other things, dry docking,
intermediate and special surveys, liabilities and other
obligations, interest expense and debt amortization,
acquisitions of additional assets and working capital. Further,
we cannot assure you that, after the expiration or earlier
termination of our charters, we will have any sources of income
from which dividends may be paid.
33
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our consolidated capitalization
as of March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
on a historical basis without any adjustment to reflect
subsequent events;
|
|
|
|
as adjusted to reflect certain changes in our debt outstanding
as of July 31, 2007; and
|
|
|
|
on an as further adjusted basis for the sale
of shares
at an assumed offering price of $
per share, the last reported closing price of our common stock
on ,
2007, net of underwriters discounts and commissions,
offering expenses, and after receipt and application of net
proceeds together with the new secured credit facility from
Credit Suisse. See Business Loans for
Vessels.
|
Other than servicing the current portion of long-term-debt with
quarterly payments totaling $500,000, and as set forth in the
As Adjusted column, there have been no material
changes in our capitalization between March 31, 2007 and
the date of this prospectus. Current portion of long term
debt in the As Adjusted column represents the
current portion of the existing debt as of March 31, 2007;
in the As Further Adjusted column, part of the
proceeds of the offering will be used to repay a portion of the
debt outstanding as of March 31, 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As Further
|
|
|
|
Actual
|
|
|
As Adjusted
|
|
|
Adjusted(4)
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited; dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
Debt:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders loans, current
portion(1)
|
|
$
|
2,324
|
|
|
$
|
1,864
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders loans, net of
current portion(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,000
|
(1)(2)
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt, current portion
|
|
|
3,260
|
|
|
|
8,715
|
(3)
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt, net of current
portion
|
|
|
6,540
|
|
|
|
16,185
|
(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total debt
|
|
$
|
12,124
|
|
|
$
|
40,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders
equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.001 par
value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.001 par
value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 6,290,100
and shares
issued and outstanding, actual and as adjusted
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
9,722
|
|
|
|
9,722
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(1,789
|
)
|
|
|
(1,789
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
$
|
7,939
|
|
|
$
|
7,939
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total capitalization
|
|
$
|
20,063
|
|
|
$
|
48,703
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Shareholders loans are unsecured and unguaranteed as of
July 31, 2007. |
|
(2) |
|
Reflects the draws on May 8, 2007 of $5.5 million and
on June 22, 2007 of $8.5 million of our
$14.0 million loan from one of our principal shareholders
outstanding as of July 31, 2007. See Prospectus
Summary Recent Developments. |
34
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Reflects our borrowings of $20.4 million under our senior
and junior financing sources to pay the remaining balance of
purchase price due upon delivery of the M/V Free Hero,
the repayment of $4.8 million of debt related to the sale
of the M/V Free Fighter and quarterly effected debt
service of $0.5 million relative to the M/V Free Destiny
and M/V Free Envoy as of July 31, 2007. See
Prospectus Summary Recent Developments. |
|
(4) |
|
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering
price of $ per share would
increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by
$ million, assuming that the
number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page
of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the
estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the
estimated expenses payable by us. Also assumes the underwriters
do not exercise their over-allotment option. The as further
adjusted information is illustrative only, and following the
completion of this offering, our capitalization will be adjusted
based on the actual public offering price and other terms of
this offering determined at pricing. |
As of March 31, 2007, we had $0.64 million in cash and
cash equivalents and on an as further adjusted basis
cash and cash equivalents are
$ million excluding
restricted cash.
35
DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted
to the extent of the difference between the public offering
price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net
tangible book value per share of our common stock after this
offering. Dilution results from the fact that the per-share
offering price of the common stock is greater than the net
tangible book value per share for the common stock outstanding
before this offering.
At March 31, 2007, we had net tangible book value of
$7.9 million, or $1.26 per share. After giving effect to
the issuance
of shares
of common stock as part of this offering at an offering price of
$ per share, the pro forma net
tangible book value at March 31, 2007 would have been
$ million or
$ per share. This represents an
immediate appreciation in net tangible book value of
$ per share to existing
shareholders and an immediate dilution of net tangible book
value of $ per share to new
investors. The following table illustrates the pro forma per
share dilution and appreciation at March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
Offering price per share in this
offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net tangible book value per share
as of March 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in net tangible book
value attributable to new investors in this offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro forma net tangible book value
per share after giving effect to this offering
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dilution per share to the new
investors(1)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering
price of $ per share would
increase (decrease) our as adjusted net tangible book value by
$ million, or
$ per share, and the dilution in
net tangible book value per share to investors in this offering
by $ per share, assuming that the
number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page
of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the
estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the
estimated expenses payable by us. The information in the table
above is illustrative only, and following the completion of this
offering, our capitalization will be adjusted based on the
actual public offering price and other terms of this offering
determined at pricing. |
Net tangible book value per share of our common stock is
determined by dividing our tangible net worth, which consists of
tangible assets less liabilities, by the number of shares of our
common stock outstanding. Dilution is determined by subtracting
the net tangible book value per share of common stock after this
offering from the public offering price per share. Dilution per
share to new investors would be $ if the
underwriters exercise in full their over-allotment option.
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of
March 31, 2007, the differences between the number of
shares of common stock acquired from us, the total amount paid
and the average price per share paid by the existing holders of
shares of common stock and by the investors in this offering
based upon the share price of $
per share as per the closing price
on ,
2007.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma Shares
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
|
Consideration
|
|
|
Price per
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
Existing shareholders
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,722,105
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.55
|
|
New investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering
price of $ per share would
increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors
and total consideration paid by all stockholders by $ million
and $ million, respectively,
assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth
on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. The
information in the table above is illustrative only, and
following the completion of this offering, will be adjusted
based on the actual public offering price and other terms of
this offering determined at pricing.
36
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, the following will occur:
|
|
|
|
|
the pro forma percentage of shares of our common stock held by
existing stockholders will decrease to
approximately % of the total number
of pro forma shares of our common stock outstanding after this
offering; and
|
|
|
|
the number of shares of our common stock held by new investors
will increase
to ,
or approximately % of the total
number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this
offering.
|
The information in the table above excludes:
A. up to 250,000 shares reserved for issuance upon the
exercise of stock options currently outstanding (of which, as of
March 31, 2007, options to purchase 166,667 shares had
vested), which have an exercise price of $5.00 per share and
expire on December 16, 2010, and up to
1,250,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock
options that may be granted in the future under our stock
incentive plan;
B. 4,572,500 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance upon the exercise of outstanding warrants as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
200,000 Class A warrants held by our initial shareholders
exercisable at $5.00 per share and expiring July 29, 2011;
|
|
|
|
700,000 Class B warrants held by FS Holdings Limited
exercisable at $5.00 per share of which 275,000 expire on
May 8, 2012 and 425,000 expire on June 22, 2012;
|
|
|
|
1,828,750 Class W warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share
and expiring July 29, 2009;
|
|
|
|
1,843,750 Class Z warrants exercisable at $5.00 per share
and expiring July 29, 2011; and
|
C. 410,000 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance upon the exercise of the unit purchase option sold to
the lead underwriter in the initial public offering of our
predecessor, which unit purchase option expires July 29,
2009, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
25,000 shares of common stock included in the 12,500
Series A units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $17.325 per
Series A unit;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
62,500 Class W warrants included in the 12,500
Series A units;
|
|
|
|
62,500 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
62,500 Class Z warrants included in the 12,500
Series A units;
|
|
|
|
130,000 shares of common stock included in the 65,000
Series B units purchasable upon exercise of the unit
purchase option, at an exercise price of $16.665 per
Series B unit;
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
65,000 Class W warrants included in the 65,000
Series B units; and
|
|
|
|
65,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of
65,000 Class Z warrants included in the 65,000
Series B units; and
|
D. shares that may be issued pursuant to the
underwriters over-allotment option.
Assuming all outstanding stock options, all outstanding warrants
and the unit purchase option sold to the lead underwriter in the
initial public offering of our predecessor (and all warrants
subject to such unit purchase option) were exercised for cash,
we would receive proceeds (net of all fees, underwriting
discounts and commissions) of $26,687,288.
37
To the extent that any options or warrants are exercised or new
options or shares of common stock are issued under our 2005
stock incentive plan, there will be further dilution to
investors in this offering.
The following table assumes the exercise of all options and
warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
Shares Purchased
|
|
|
Total Consideration
|
|
|
Price per
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
Existing shareholders
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9,722,105
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1.55
|
|
Shares subject to options and
warrants(1)
|
|
|
5,232,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
26,687,288
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
5.10
|
|
New investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes an aggregate of 700,000 warrants issued on May 8,
2007 and June 22, 2007. |
38
SELECTED
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
AND OTHER DATA
The following selected historical financial information and
other data were derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 2004 (from
inception), 2005 and 2006 and our unaudited consolidated
financial statements for the three months ended March 31,
2006 and 2007 included elsewhere in this prospectus. The
information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction
with our historical consolidated financial statements and
related notes included in this prospectus and the section of
this prospectus titled Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The historical data included below and elsewhere in this
prospectus are not necessarily indicative of our future
performance.
All amounts in the tables below are in thousands of
U.S. dollars, except for share data, fleet data and average
daily results.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Statement of Operations
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
2,444
|
|
|
$
|
4,268
|
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
|
|
(799
|
)
|
|
|
(165
|
)
|
|
|
(257
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
(689
|
)
|
|
|
(637
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Vessel operating expenses
(exclusive of depreciation and amortization expenses shown
separately below)
|
|
|
(786
|
)
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
|
|
(4,483
|
)
|
|
|
(1,032
|
)
|
|
|
(1,414
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(872
|
)
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
|
|
(4,479
|
)
|
|
|
(1,140
|
)
|
|
|
(812
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry
docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(442
|
)
|
|
|
(110
|
)
|
|
|
(195
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
|
|
(540
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
|
|
(135
|
)
|
Compensation costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
(651
|
)
|
|
|
(163
|
)
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
(1,925
|
)
|
|
|
(432
|
)
|
|
|
(342
|
)
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
|
(1,004
|
)
|
|
|
(245
|
)
|
|
|
(219
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
(51
|
)
|
|
|
46
|
|
Net income (loss) for period
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
|
(1,655
|
)
|
|
|
913
|
|
Earnings Per Share
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.26
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.26
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.15
|
|
Weighted average number of shares:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
$
|
1,443
|
|
|
$
|
5,286
|
|
|
$
|
1,417
|
|
|
$
|
2,398
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed assets, net
|
|
|
16,188
|
|
|
|
23,848
|
|
|
|
19,369
|
|
|
|
18,557
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
18,335
|
|
|
|
29,840
|
|
|
|
23,086
|
|
|
|
23,043
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities,
including current portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
4,971
|
|
|
|
10,231
|
|
|
|
10,260
|
|
|
|
8,564
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt, including
shareholders loans, net of current portion
|
|
|
9,978
|
|
|
|
9,750
|
|
|
|
5,819
|
|
|
|
6,540
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
14,949
|
|
|
|
20,135
|
|
|
|
16,079
|
|
|
|
15,104
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders equity
|
|
|
3,386
|
|
|
|
9,705
|
|
|
|
7,007
|
|
|
|
7,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
EBITDA (1)
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
(171
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,139
|
|
Fleet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average number of vessels (2)
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
|
|
2.55
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
|
|
3.00
|
|
Ownership days (3)
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Available days (4)
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
1,005
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Operating days (5)
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
Fleet utilization (6)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
96
|
%
|
|
|
86
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
96
|
%
|
Average Daily
Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average TCE rate (7)
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
6,081
|
|
|
$
|
15,539
|
|
Vessel operating expenses (8)
|
|
|
3,221
|
|
|
|
3,863
|
|
|
|
4,094
|
|
|
|
3,822
|
|
|
|
5,237
|
|
Management fees (9)
|
|
|
738
|
|
|
|
524
|
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
500
|
|
General and administrative
expenses (10)
|
|
|
139
|
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
2,046
|
|
|
|
1,600
|
|
|
|
1,326
|
|
Total vessel operating
expenses (11)
|
|
$
|
3,959
|
|
|
$
|
4,387
|
|
|
$
|
4,587
|
|
|
$
|
4,322
|
|
|
$
|
5,737
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
We consider EBITDA to represent net earnings before interest,
taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA does not represent
and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or
cash flow from operations, as determined by United States
generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and our
calculation of EBITDA may not be comparable to that reported by
other companies. EBITDA is included herein because it is an
alternative measure of our liquidity, performance and
indebtedness. |
|
|
|
EBITDA reconciliation to net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
152
|
|
|
$
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,655
|
)
|
|
$
|
913
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
|
3,908
|
|
|
|
4,921
|
|
|
|
1,250
|
|
|
|
1,007
|
|
Interest and finance cost
|
|
$
|
236
|
|
|
$
|
1,068
|
|
|
$
|
985
|
|
|
$
|
234
|
|
|
$
|
219
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA
|
|
$
|
1,687
|
|
|
$
|
5,128
|
|
|
$
|
2,582
|
|
|
$
|
(171
|
)
|
|
$
|
2,139
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Average number of vessels is the number of vessels that
constituted our fleet for the relevant period, as measured by
the sum of the number of days each vessel was a part of our
fleet during the period divided by the number of calendar days
in the period. |
40
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Ownership days are the total number of days in a period during
which the vessels in our fleet have been owned by us. Ownership
days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and
affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses
that we record during a period. |
|
(4) |
|
Available days are the number of ownership days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
major repairs, dry dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
The shipping industry uses available days to measure the number
of ownership days in a period during which vessels should be
capable of generating revenues. |
|
(5) |
|
Operating days are the number of available days less the
aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to
any reason, including unforeseen circumstances. The shipping
industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of
days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues. |
|
(6) |
|
We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our
fleets operating days during a period by the number of
ownership days during the period. The shipping industry uses
fleet utilization to measure a companys efficiency in
finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the
amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons such as
scheduled repairs, vessel upgrades, or dry dockings or other
surveys. |
|
(7) |
|
Time charter equivalent, or TCE, is a measure of the average
daily revenue performance of a vessel on a per voyage basis. Our
method of calculating TCE is consistent with industry standards
and is determined by dividing operating revenues (net of voyage
expenses) by operating days for the relevant time period. Voyage
expenses primarily consist of port, canal and fuel costs that
are unique to a particular voyage, which would otherwise be paid
by the charterer under a time charter contract. TCE is a
standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to
compare period-to-period changes in a shipping companys
performance despite changes in the mix of charter types (i.e.,
spot charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which
the vessels may be employed between the periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Operating revenues
|
|
$
|
2,830
|
|
|
$
|
10,326
|
|
|
$
|
11,727
|
|
|
$
|
2,444
|
|
|
$
|
4,268
|
|
Voyage expenses and commissions
|
|
|
(143
|
)
|
|
|
(608
|
)
|
|
|
(1,488
|
)
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
|
|
(259
|
)
|
Net operating revenues
|
|
$
|
2,687
|
|
|
$
|
9,718
|
|
|
$
|
10,239
|
|
|
$
|
1,642
|
|
|
$
|
4,009
|
|
Available days
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
893
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
Time charter equivalent rates
|
|
$
|
11,012
|
|
|
$
|
10,882
|
|
|
$
|
10,881
|
|
|
$
|
6,081
|
|
|
$
|
15,539
|
|
|
|
|
(8) |
|
Average daily vessel operating expenses, which includes crew
costs, provisions, deck and engine stores, lubricating oil,
insurance, maintenance and repairs, is calculated by dividing
vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the relevant
time periods: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Inception
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(April 23,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004) to
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
$
|
786
|
|
|
$
|
3,596
|
|
|
$
|
4,483
|
|
|
$
|
1,032
|
|
|
$
|
1,414
|
|
Ownership days
|
|
|
244
|
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
|
1,095
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
Daily vessel operating expense
|
|
$
|
3,221
|
|
|
$
|
3,863
|
|
|
$
|
4,094
|
|
|
$
|
3,822
|
|
|
$
|
5,237
|
|
|
|
|
(9) |
|
Daily management fees are calculated by dividing total
management fees by ownership days for the relevant time period. |
|
(10) |
|
Average daily general and administrative expenses are calculated
by dividing general and administrative expenses by operating
days for the relevant period. |
|
(11) |
|
Total vessel operating expenses, or TVOE, is a measurement of
our total expenses associated with operating our vessels. TVOE
is the sum of vessel operating expense and management fees.
Daily TVOE is calculated by dividing TVOE by fleet ownership
days for the relevant time period. |
41
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following managements discussion and analysis should
be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere
in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking
statements that reflect our current views with respect to future
events and financial performance. Our actual results may differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements as a result of various factors, such as those set
forth in the section entitled Risk Factors and
elsewhere in this prospectus.
General
We are a shipping company that currently operates three vessels
in the drybulk shipping market through our wholly owned
subsidiaries. We were formed on April 23, 2004 under the
name Adventure Holdings S.A. pursuant to the laws of
the Republic of the Marshall Islands to serve as the parent
holding company of the ship-owning entities. On April 27,
2005, we changed our name to FreeSeas Inc.
On December 15, 2005, we completed a merger with Trinity
Partners Acquisition Company Inc., a blank check corporation
organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. Under the
terms of the merger, we were the surviving corporation. Each
outstanding share of Trinitys common stock and
Class B common stock was converted into the right to
receive an equal number of shares of our common stock, and each
Trinity Class W warrant and Class Z warrant was
converted into the right to receive an equal number of our
Class W warrants and Class Z warrants.
Our common stock, Class W warrants and Class Z
warrants began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on
December 16, 2005 under the trading symbols FREE, FREEW and
FREEZ, respectively. As a result of the merger, Trinitys
former securities, including the Trinity Class A Units and
the Class B Units, ceased trading on the OTC
Bulletin Board.
The operations of our vessels are managed by Free Bulkers, an
affiliated Marshall Islands corporation. Free Bulkers provides
us with a wide range of shipping services at a fee per vessel.
These services include technical management, such as managing
day-to-day vessel operations including supervising the crewing,
supplying, maintaining and dry docking of vessels, commercial
management regarding identifying suitable vessel charter
opportunities, and certain accounting services. Free Bulkers has
entered into an agreement with Safbulk, a company controlled by
one of our affiliates, for the commercial management of our
fleet.
Through the quarter ended March 31, 2007, our fleet
consisted of three Handysize vessels that carried a variety of
drybulk commodities, including coal, iron ore, and grains, or
major bulks, as well as bauxite, phosphate, fertilizers and
steel products, or minor bulks. We sold one of our vessels, the
M/V Free Fighter, on April 27, 2007 for $11,075,000.
As of the date of this prospectus, our fleet consisted of the
following vessels:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Owner
|
|
Date of Incorporation
|
|
Name
|
|
Date of Acquisition
|
|
Adventure Two S.A.
|
|
February 5, 2004(1)
|
|
Free Destiny
|
|
August 3, 2004
|
Adventure Three S.A.
|
|
February 5, 2004(1)
|
|
Free Envoy
|
|
September 20, 2004
|
Adventure Six S.A.
|
|
April 30, 2007(2)
|
|
Free Hero
|
|
July 3, 2007
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
These ship-owning entities were formed by our initial
shareholders to acquire the vessels, and are now our wholly
owned subsidiaries. See Business Our
History. |
|
(2) |
|
This ship-owning entity is our wholly owned subsidiary. |
Recent
Developments
On April 27, 2007, we sold the M/V Free Fighter for
$11,075,000 and repaid $2,330,000 on Advance A and $2,470,000 on
Advance B of the loans with First Business Bank using proceeds
from the sale of that vessel to make these payments.
42
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase four secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero, M/V Free Jupiter, M/V
Free Iris and M/V Free Gentleman, from
non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price of
$114.0 million. In accordance with the memoranda of
agreement, we provided deposits totaling $11.4 million to
the respective sellers of the above four vessels. We obtained
the funds for the deposits from a $5.5 million draw on the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan described below
and $5.9 million from our cash on hand, primarily resulting
from the sale of the M/V Free Fighter in April 2007. We
anticipated financing the remaining $102.6 million of the
purchase prices of the above vessels, due upon their respective
deliveries, by utilizing the following: (i) up to
$68.0 million in a senior secured loan from HSH Nordbank
AG; (ii) up to $21.5 million in a junior loan from
BTMU Capital Corporation, an affiliate of the Bank of Tokyo
Mitsubishi; (iii) the remaining $8.5 million of the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan (which was drawn
down on June 22, 2007 as discussed further below);
(iv) cash on hand from operations and (v) an overdraft
credit facility of $4 million available from Hollandsche
Bank Unie N.V.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we paid the $22.7 million remaining balance, net
of the deposit paid, of the $25.25 million purchase price
using $20.4 million from the above described senior and
junior financing sources and $2.3 million from cash on
hand. The vessel is currently subject to a $14,500 per day time
charter expiring in December 2008, with a charterers
option for extension until February 2009. We expect to take
delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter in August or September
2007. The purchase price for the M/V Free Jupiter is
$47.0 million and we expect to utilize the above-described
financing sources to pay the remaining $42.3 million
balance of the purchase price due upon delivery.
The M/V Free Destiny and M/V Free Envoy have a
combined carrying capacity of 51,000 dwt, a combined book value
of $10.3 million, and an average age of 24 years. As a
result of the acquisition of the M/V Free Hero and the
M/V Free Jupiter, which we expect to be delivered in
August or September 2007, we will increase the aggregate dwt of
our fleet to approximately 123,000 dwt, increase the aggregate
book value of our fleet to $82.6 million, and reduce the
average age of our fleet to 16 years.
Due to a dispute between third parties unrelated to us and the
sellers of the M/V Free Gentleman and
M/V Free
Iris, which would have resulted in the vessels not being
delivered as per the terms of their respective memoranda of
agreement, we decided, in agreement with the sellers, to
terminate those agreements on July 27, 2007, with immediate
return of the full deposits for such vessels totaling
$4.25 million. We intend to seek to replace the two
undelivered vessels with alternative tonnage of similar profile
and return characteristics in an effort to expand our fleet in
the Handysize/Handymax segment. We intend to utilize our
available cash and the remainder of our existing credit
facilities as described above for any future near term
acquisitions.
The following table details the vessels acquired and to be
acquired.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name
|
|
Class
|
|
DWT
|
|
|
Built
|
|
|
Flag
|
|
Purchase Price
|
|
Delivery Date
|
|
Employment
|
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Free Jupiter
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Handymax
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47,777
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2002
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Marshall Islands
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$47.00 million(1)
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Aug/Sept 2007
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3-year time charter through
September 2010 at $32,000 per day for first year, $28,000 per
day for second year, and $24,000 per day for third year
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Free Hero
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Handysize
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24,318
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1995
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Marshall Islands
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$25.25 million(1)
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Delivered
July 3, 2007
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Currently fixed to
2-year time
charter through Dec 08/Feb 09 at $14,500 per day
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43
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(1) |
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The purchase price for each of the M/V Free Hero and the
M/V Free Jupiter was specifically negotiated for each
vessel based on its particular attributes (i.e., based on
factors including the vessels age, builder, configuration
and condition). |
The $14.0 million loan from one of our principal
shareholders was signed on May 7, 2007 and accrues interest
on the outstanding principal balance at the annual rate of
12.0%, payable upon maturity of the loan. The loan is due at the
earlier of (i) May 7, 2009, (ii) the date of a
Capital Event, which is defined as any event in
which we raise gross proceeds of not less than $40 million
in an offering of our common stock or other equity securities or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for our equity
securities, or (iii) the date of acceleration of the
amounts due under the note. Additionally, we agreed to issue to
that shareholder, for every $1.0 million drawn under the
loan, 50,000 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at
an exercise price of $5.00 per share. On May 8, 2007, we
drew down $5.5 million from the shareholder loan in
connection with the deposits to be posted under the memoranda of
agreement for the acquisition of the vessels. On June 22,
2007, we drew down the remaining $8.5 million from the
shareholder loan in anticipation of taking delivery of the M/V
Free Gentleman, which delivery, however, was never
completed as discussed above. We have issued the shareholder
700,000 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 per share in connection with the two
draw downs described above.
Acquisition
of Vessels
From time to time as opportunities arise, we intend to acquire
additional secondhand drybulk carriers. We recently accepted
delivery of the M/V Free Hero and are currently under
contract to acquire the M/V Free Jupiter, as described
above under Recent Developments. Vessels are
generally acquired free of charter. The M/V Free Hero,
was acquired subject to a novation, or assumption, of its
existing charter, and the M/V Free Jupiter is being
acquired free of charter. If no charter is in place when a
vessel is acquired, we usually enter into a new charter
contract. The shipping industry uses income days (also referred
to as voyage or operating days) to
measure the number of days in a period during which vessels
actually generate revenues.
Consistent with shipping industry practice, we treat the
acquisition of a vessel (whether acquired with or without a
charter) as the acquisition of an asset rather than a business.
When we acquire a vessel, we conduct, also consistent with
shipping industry practice, an inspection of the physical
condition of the vessel, unless practical considerations do not
allow such an inspection. We also examine the vessels
classification society records. We do not obtain any historical
operating data for the vessel from the seller. We do not
consider that information material to our decision on acquiring
the vessel.
Most vessels are sold pursuant to a standard agreement that,
among other things, provides the buyer with the right to inspect
the vessel and the vessels classification society records.
The standard agreement does not give the buyer the right to
inspect the historical operating data of the vessel.
Prior to the delivery of a purchased vessel, the seller
typically removes from the vessel all records and log books,
including past financial records and accounts related to the
vessel. Upon the change in ownership, the technical management
agreement between the sellers technical manager and the
seller is automatically terminated and the vessels trading
certificates are revoked by its flag state, in the event buyer
determines to change the vessels flag state.
It is rare in the shipping industry for the last charterer of a
vessel from a seller to continue as the first charterer of the
vessel from the buyer. Where a vessel has been under a voyage
charter, the seller delivers the vessel free of charter to the
buyer. When a vessel is under time charter and the buyer wishes
to assume that charter, the buyer cannot acquire the vessel
without the charterers consent and an agreement between
the buyer and the charterer for the buyer to assume the charter.
The purchase of a vessel does not in itself transfer the charter
because the charter is a separate service agreement between the
former vessel owner and the charterer.
44
When we acquire a vessel and want to assume or renegotiate a
related time charter, we must take the following steps:
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Obtain the charterers consent to us as the new owner;
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Obtain the charterers consent to a new technical manager;
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Obtain the charterers consent to a new flag for the
vessel, if applicable;
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Arrange for a new crew for the vessel;
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Replace all hired equipment on board the vessel, such as gas
cylinders and communication equipment;
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Negotiate and enter into new insurance contracts for the vessel
through our own insurance brokers;
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Register the vessel under a flag state and perform the related
inspections in order to obtain new trading certificates from the
flag state, if we change the flag state;
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Implement a new planned maintenance program for the
vessel; and
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Ensure that the new technical manager obtains new certificates
of compliance with the safety and vessel security regulations of
the flag state.
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Our business comprises the following primary components:
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Employment and operation of our drybulk carriers; and
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Management of the financial, general and administrative elements
involved in the ownership and operation of our drybulk vessels.
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The employment and operation of our vessels involve the
following activities:
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Vessel maintenance and repair;
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Planning and undergoing dry docking, special surveys and other
major repairs;
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Organizing and undergoing regular classification society surveys;
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Crew selection and training;
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Vessel spares and stores supply;
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Vessel bunkering;
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Contingency response planning;
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Onboard safety procedures auditing;
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Accounting;
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Vessel insurance arrangement;
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Vessel chartering;
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Vessel hire management; and
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Vessel performance monitoring.
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Important
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We believe that the important measures for analyzing trends in
the results of our operations consist of the following:
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Ownership days. We define ownership days as
the total number of calendar days in a period during which each
vessel in the fleet was owned by us. Ownership days are an
indicator of the size of the fleet over a period and affect both
the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses that we record
during that period.
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45
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Available days. We define available days as
the number of ownership days net of off-hire days associated
with scheduled dry dockings or special
and/or
intermediate surveys and the aggregate number of days that is
spent positioning the vessels. The shipping industry uses
available days to measure the number of days in a period during
which vessels are actually able to generate revenues.
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Operating days. Operating days are the number
of available days in a period less the aggregate number of days
that vessels are off-hire due to any reason, including
unforeseen circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating
days to measure the aggregate number of days in a period during
which vessels actually generate revenues.
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Fleet utilization. We will calculate fleet
utilization by dividing the number of operating days during a
period by the number of ownership days during that period. The
shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a
companys efficiency in finding suitable employment for its
vessels and minimizing the amount of days that its vessels are
off-hire for any reason including scheduled repairs, vessel
upgrades, dry dockings or special or intermediate surveys.
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Off-hire. The period a vessel is unable to
perform the services for which it is required under a charter.
Off-hire periods typically include days spent undergoing repairs
and dry docking, whether or not scheduled.
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Time charter. A time charter is a contract for
the use of a vessel for a specific period of time during which
the charterer pays substantially all of the voyage expenses,
including port costs, canal charges and bunkers expenses. The
vessel owner pays the vessel operating expenses, which include
crew wages, insurance, technical maintenance costs, spares
stores and supplies and commissions on gross voyage revenues.
Time charter rates are usually fixed during the term of the
charter. Prevailing time charter rates do fluctuate on a
seasonal and year-to-year basis and may be substantially higher
or lower from a prior time charter agreement when the subject
vessel is seeking to renew the time charter agreement with the
existing charterer or enter into a new time charter agreement
with another charterer. Fluctuation in time charter rates are
influenced by changes in spot charter rates.
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Voyage charter. A voyage charter is an
agreement to charter the vessel for an agreed per-ton amount of
freight from specified loading port(s) to specified discharge
ports. In contrast to a time charter, the vessel owner is
required to pay substantially all of the voyage expenses,
including port costs, canal charges and bunkers expenses, in
addition to the vessel operating expenses.
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Time charter equivalent (TCE). The time
charter equivalent equals voyage revenues minus voyage expenses
divided by the number of operating days during the relevant time
period, including the trip to the loading port. TCE is a
standard seaborne transportation industry performance measure
used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a seaborne
transportation companys performance despite changes in the
mix of charter types (i.e., spot charters, time charters and
bareboat charters) under which the vessels may be employed
during a specific period.
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See Selected Historical Financial Information and Other
Data Performance Indicators for a quantitative
analysis of how we are performing against these measures.
Revenues
Our revenues are driven primarily by the number of vessels in
our fleet, the number of operating days during which our vessels
generate revenues, and the amount of daily charter hire that our
vessels earn under charters. These, in turn, are affected by a
number of factors, including the following:
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Our ability to acquire additional vessels;
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The nature and duration of our charters;
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Our decisions regarding vessel acquisitions and sales;
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The amount of time that we spend repositioning our vessels;
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46
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The amount of time that our vessels spend in dry-dock undergoing
repairs;
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Maintenance and upgrade work;
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The age, condition and specifications of our vessels;
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The levels of supply and demand in the drybulk carrier
transportation market; and
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Other factors affecting charter rates for drybulk carriers.
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A voyage charter is generally a contract to carry a specific
cargo from a load port to a discharge port for an
agreed-upon
total amount. Under voyage charters, we pay voyage expenses such
as port, canal and fuel costs. A time charter trip and a period
time charter or period charter are generally contracts to
charter a vessel for a fixed period of time at a set daily rate.
Under time charters, the charterer pays voyage expenses. Under
both types of charters, we pay for vessel operating expenses,
which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,
lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs. We are also
responsible for each vessels dry docking and intermediate
and special survey costs.
Vessels operating on period time charters provide more
predictable cash flows, but can yield lower profit margins than
vessels operating in the spot charter market for single trips
during periods characterized by favorable market conditions. We
previously addressed this risk while also taking advantage of
increases in profitability in the drybulk market generally by
negotiating profit sharing arrangements in each of our period
time charters, which provide for potential revenues above the
fixed time charter rates. We may enter into profit-sharing
arrangements in the future, if available. We have also addressed
this risk by arranging a mix of spot and short-term period
charters, and in the future may consider a mix of spot and
medium- to long-term period charter business.
Vessels operating in the spot charter market generate revenues
that are less predictable, but may enable us to capture
increased profit margins during periods of improvements in
drybulk rates. We would also be exposed to the risk of declining
drybulk rates, however, which may have a materially adverse
impact on our financial performance. If we fix vessels on period
time charters and are not able to negotiate profit sharing
arrangements, future spot market rates may be higher or lower
than those rates at which we have period time chartered our
vessels. We will evaluate our opportunities to employ our
vessels on spot or period time charters, depending on whether we
can obtain contract terms that satisfy our criteria.
A standard maritime industry performance measure is the
daily time charter equivalent or daily
TCE. Daily TCE revenues are voyage revenues minus voyage
expenses divided by the number of operating days during the
relevant time period. Voyage expenses primarily consist of port,
canal and fuel costs that are unique to a particular voyage and
that would otherwise be paid by a charterer under a time
charter. We believe that the daily TCE neutralizes the
variability created by unique costs associated with particular
voyages or the employment of drybulk carriers on time charter or
on the spot market and presents a more accurate representation
of the revenues generated by our drybulk carriers. Our average
daily TCE rate for 2004, 2005, and 2006 was $11,012, $10,882 and
$10,881, respectively, and our average daily TCE rate for the
first quarters of 2006 and 2007 were $6,081 and $15,539,
respectively.
We negotiated a 25% profit-sharing arrangement in each of the
time charters for the M/V Free Envoy through September
2005 and the M/V Free Destiny through October 2005 in
which we received 25% of the net amount generated by the
charterer over the base rate that the charterer paid to us.
Payment to us of our share of the profits has occurred at the
end of a voyage. Actual and final figures were computed, and any
adjustments in the payments made, occurred within 30 days
of vessel redelivery. During the periods ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006, we earned $295,000, $769,800 and $0,
respectively, from the profit sharing arrangements. The
profit-sharing arrangements did not impose any monetary or
non-monetary obligation upon us. We did not enter into any
profit-sharing arrangements during fiscal 2006.
Vessel
Operating Expenses
Vessel operating expenses include crew wages and related costs,
the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and
maintenance, the costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage
taxes and other miscellaneous
47
expenses. Our vessel operating expenses, which generally
represent fixed costs, will increase if we increase the number
of vessels in our fleet. Some of these expenses are beyond our
control, such as insurance costs and the cost of spares.
Depreciation
During the period from April 23, 2004 (date of inception)
to December 31, 2004 and the years ended December 31,
2005 and 2006, we depreciated our drybulk carriers on a
straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which we
currently estimate to be 27 years from the date of their
initial delivery from the shipyard for financial statement
purposes. Commencing during the three months ended
March 31, 2007, we changed the estimate useful life for the
M/V Free Fighter to 30 years. See
Liquidity and Capital Resources for a
discussion of the factors affecting the actual useful lives of
our drybulk carriers. Depreciation is based on cost less the
estimated residual value. We capitalize the total costs
associated with a dry docking and amortize these costs on a
straight-line basis over the period before the next dry docking
becomes due, which is typically 24 to 36 months.
Regulations or incidents may change the estimated dates of
future dry dockings.
Seasonality
Coal, iron ore and grains, which are the major bulks of the
drybulk shipping industry, are somewhat seasonal in nature. The
energy markets primarily affect the demand for coal, with
increases during hot summer periods when air conditioning and
refrigeration require more electricity and towards the end of
the calendar year in anticipation of the forthcoming winter
period. The demand for iron ore tends to decline in the summer
months because many of the major steel users, such as automobile
makers, reduce their level of production significantly during
the summer holidays. Grains are completely seasonal as they are
driven by the harvest within a climate zone. Because three of
the five largest grain producers (the United States of America,
Canada and the European Union) are located in the northern
hemisphere and the other two (Argentina and Australia) are
located in the southern hemisphere, harvests occur throughout
the year and grains require drybulk shipping accordingly.
Principal
Factors Affecting Our Business
The principal factors that affect our financial position,
results of operations and cash flows include the following:
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Number of vessels owned and operated;
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Charter market rates, which approached new historical record
high levels in May 2007, and periods of charter hire;
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Vessel operating expenses and voyage costs, which are incurred
in both U.S. Dollars and other currencies, primarily Euros;
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Cost of dry docking and special surveys;
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Depreciation expenses, which are a function of the cost, any
significant post-acquisition improvements, estimated useful
lives and estimated residual scrap values of our vessels;
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Financing costs related to the indebtedness incurred by us,
which totaled $240,000, $1,076,000 and $1,004,000 for the years
ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006,
respectively; and
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Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
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48
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(All amounts in tables in thousands of United States dollars,
except for share data)
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For the Three Months Ended
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March 31,
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March 31,
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2007
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2006
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Operating revenues
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$
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4,268
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$
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2,444
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OPERATING EXPENSES:
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Vessel operating expenses
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(1,414
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)
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(1,032
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)
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Voyage expense
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(2
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(637
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)
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Depreciation expense
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(812
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(1,140
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)
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Amortization of deferred dry
docking and special survey costs
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(195
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)
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(110
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)
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Management fees to a related party
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(135
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(135
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)
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Commissions
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(257
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)
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(165
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)
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Compensation costs
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(25
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)
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(163
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)
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General and administrative expenses
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(342
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(432
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)
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Income (loss) from
operations
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$
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1,086
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$
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(1,370
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)
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OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
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Finance costs
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$
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(219
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)
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$
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(245
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)
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Interest income
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11
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Other
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46
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(51
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)
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Other expense
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$
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(173
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)
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$
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(285
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)
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Net income (loss)
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$
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913
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$
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(1,655
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)
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Results
of Operations
Three
months ended March 31, 2007 as compared to three months
ended March 31, 2006
REVENUES Operating revenues for the three
months ended March 31, 2007 were $4,268,000, an increase of
$1,824,000 compared to $2,444,000 in operating revenues for the
three months ended March 31, 2006. Revenues increased
primarily as a result of increased charter rates achieved in the
drybulk market during the three months ended March 31,
2007, reaching a daily TCE rate of $15,539 as compared to $6,081
during the period ended March 31, 2006.
OPERATING EXPENSES Vessel operating expenses,
which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine stores,
lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs, totaled
$1,414,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2007 as
compared to $1,032,000 in the three months ended March 31,
2006. The comparative incremental expense of $382,000 includes
approximately $230,000 associated with two unscheduled repairs
during February 2007, causing expenses beyond normal operation
and maintenance costs (i.e., main engine turbocharger of M/V
Free Envoy; main generator of M/V Free Destiny)
and approximately $90,000 for larger than normal lubricant and
stores quantities on M/V Free Fighter for re-entering the
market after undergoing dry docking and general survey (October
through December 2006). Consequently, the daily vessel operating
expenses per vessel, including the management fees paid to our
affiliate, Free Bulkers, were $5,737 for the three months ended
March 31, 2007, as compared to $4,322 for the three months
ended March 31, 2006, an increase of 32.7%.
VOYAGE EXPENSES Voyage expenses, which
include bunkers, cargo expenses, port expenses, port agency
fees, tugs, extra insurance and various expenses, were only
$2,000 (expenses related to a cargo survey at owners
expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as
compared to $637,000 for the three months ended March 31,
2006, since there were no voyage charters during the three
months ended March 31, 2007.
49
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION For the three
months ended March 31, 2007, depreciation expense totaled
$812,000, as compared to $1,140,000 for the same period in 2006.
The decrease in depreciation expense resulted primarily from the
change of the estimated useful life of M/V Free Fighter
to 30 years from 27 years, based on
managements re-evaluation of the useful life following the
vessels regularly scheduled fifth special and docking
surveys. For the three months ended March 31, 2007,
amortization of dry dockings, special survey costs and
amortization of financing costs totaled $212,000 as compared to
$127,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The
increase in amortization expenses resulted primarily from the
timing of dry docking and special survey costs for the M/V
Free Fighter that were completed at the end of 2006.
MANAGEMENT FEES Management fees for each of
the three months ended March 31, 2007 and March 31,
2006 totaled $135,000. Management fees are paid to our
affiliate, Free Bulkers, for the technical management of our
vessels and for certain accounting services related to the
vessels operations. Pursuant to the management agreements
related to each of our current vessels, we pay Free Bulkers a
monthly management fee of $15,000 per vessel. In addition, we
reimburse at cost the travel and other personnel expenses of the
Free Bulkers staff, including the per diem paid by Free Bulkers,
when Free Bulkers employees are required to attend our
vessels at port. These agreements have no specified termination
date. We anticipate that Free Bulkers would manage any
additional vessels that we may acquire in the future on
comparable terms. We believe that the management fees paid to
Free Bulkers are comparable to those charged by unaffiliated
management companies.
COMMISSIONS AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES Commissions paid during the three
months ended March 31, 2007 totaled $257,000, compared to
$165,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006. The
commission fees represent commissions paid to Free Bulkers and
unaffiliated third parties. Commissions paid to Free Bulkers
equal 1.25% of freight or hire collected from the employment of
our vessels. Free Bulkers has entered into a commercial
sub-management agreement with Safbulk, an affiliate of FS
Holdings Limited, one of our principal shareholders, pursuant to
which Safbulk has agreed to perform charter and post charter
management services for our fleet. Free Bulkers has agreed to
pay Safbulk a fee equal to 1.25% of freight or hire collected
from the employment of our vessels. The increase of $92,000 is
directly related to the increase of operating revenues in the
respective periods. General and administrative expenses, which
included, among other things, international safety code
compliance expenses, travel expenses and communications
expenses, totaled $342,000 for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 as compared to $432,000 for the three months
ended March 31, 2006. Our general and administrative
expenses decreased by 21% primarily due to our cost reduction
efforts.
COMPENSATION COST For the three months ended
March 31, 2007, compensation cost totaled $25,000, as
compared to $163,000 for three months ended March 31, 2006.
Compensation costs reflect non-cash, equity based compensation
of our executive officers. The decrease is primarily a result of
the departure of two of our executive officers in January 2007.
FINANCING COSTS Financing costs for the three
months ended March 31, 2007 were $219,000 as compared to
$245,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2006. Our
financing costs represent the fees incurred and interest paid in
connection with the bank loans for our vessels. The decrease in
financing costs resulted primarily from reduction of outstanding
debt due to the partial repayment of our bank loans.
NET (LOSS)/INCOME Net income for the three
months ended March 31, 2007 was $913,409 as compared to net
loss of $1,655,000 for the three months ended March 31,
2006. The net income for the three months ended March 31,
2007 resulted primarily from increased charter rates, decreased
general and administrative expenses, decreased depreciation and
amortization expense due to our decision during the three months
ended March 31, 2007 to change M/V Free Fighters
estimated useful life from 27 to 30 years.
Additionally, there was a decrease in compensation cost of
$138,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2007 as
compared to the same period in 2006.
50
Year
Ended December 31, 2006 (fiscal 2006) as
compared to year ended December 31, 2005
(fiscal 2005)
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(All amounts in tables in thousands of United States dollars,
except for share data)
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For the Year Ended
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For the Year Ended
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December 31, 2006
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December 31, 2005
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OPERATING REVENUES
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$
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11,727
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$
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10,326
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
|
(4,483
|
)
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(689
|
)
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(4,479
|
)
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry
docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(442
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(540
|
)
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(799
|
)
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
Compensation costs
|
|
|
(651
|
)
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(1,925
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) Income from
operations
|
|
|
(2,281
|
)
|
|
|
1,205
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(1,004
|
)
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other expense
|
|
|
(1,043
|
)
|
|
|
(1,053
|
)
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
(3,324
|
)
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
Diluted (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
(0.53
|
)
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
Basic weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
6,290,100
|
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
REVENUES Operating revenues for fiscal 2006
were $11,727,000, an increase of $1,401,000 from $10,326,000 in
operating revenues for fiscal 2005. Included herein, revenues
representing the profit-sharing portion of our charters were $0
for fiscal 2006 as compared to $769,800 in revenues representing
the profit-sharing portion of our charters for fiscal 2005. We
are no longer entering into profit-sharing arrangements with
charterers. Revenues increased primarily as a result of an
increase in voyage revenue relating to the M/V Free Fighter
which was in service for 12 months in fiscal 2006 as
compared to five months in fiscal 2005 offset by a decrease in
operating revenue from the M/V Free Destiny resulting
from a decrease in the number of days the vessel was available
due to its dry docking.
VESSEL OPERATING EXPENSES Vessel operating
expenses, which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine
stores, lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs,
totaled $4,483,000 in fiscal 2006 as compared to $3,596,000 for
fiscal 2005. The increase in vessel operating expenses primarily
reflects the operation of the M/V Free Fighter for a full
12 months during fiscal 2006 as compared to five months
during fiscal 2005. The daily vessel operating expenses,
including the management fees paid to our affiliate, Free
Bulkers, per vessel were $4,587 for fiscal 2006, an increase of
4.5% as compared to $4,387 for fiscal 2005.
VOYAGE EXPENSES Voyage expenses, which
include bunkers, cargo expenses, port expenses, port agency
fees, tugs, extra insurance and various expenses, were $689,000
for fiscal year 2006 as compared to $55,000 in fiscal 2005.
Voyage expenses increased primarily as a result of a voyage
carried out by the M/V Free Fighter during the first and
second quarter of 2006.
51
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION For fiscal
2006, depreciation expense totaled $4,479,000, as compared to
$3,553,000 for fiscal 2005. The increase in depreciation expense
resulted primarily from the depreciation of the M/V Free
Fighter for a full year. For fiscal 2006 amortization of dry
dockings and special survey costs totaled $442,000 as compared
to $355,000 in fiscal 2005. The increase in amortization
expenses resulted primarily from the dry docking of the M/V
Free Envoy in June 2006.
MANAGEMENT FEES Management fees for fiscal
2006 totaled $540,000, an increase of $52,000 from the
management fees of $488,000 in fiscal 2005. The management fees
increased as a result of the operation of the M/V Free
Fighter for 12 months in fiscal 2006 as compared to
five months in fiscal 2005. Management fees are paid to our
affiliate, Free Bulkers, for the management of our vessels.
Pursuant to the management agreements related to each of our
current vessels, we pay Free Bulkers a monthly management fee of
$15,000 per vessel. We have also agreed to pay Free Bulkers a
fee equal to 1.25% of freight or hire collected from the
employment of our vessels and a 1% commission on the purchase
price of any new vessels acquired or the sales price of any
vessel sold by us with the assistance of Free Bulkers. Free
Bulkers has entered into a sub-management agreement with
Safbulk, an affiliate of FS Holdings, one of our principal
shareholders, pursuant to which Safbulk has agreed to perform
charter and post charter management services for our fleet. Free
Bulkers has agreed to pay Safbulk 1.25% of freight or hire
collected from the employment of our vessels. In addition, we
reimburse at cost the travel and other personnel expenses of the
Free Bulkers staff, including the per diem paid by Free Bulkers
to its staff, when they are required to attend our vessels at
port. These agreements have no specified termination date. We
anticipate that Free Bulkers would manage any additional vessels
that we may acquire in the future on comparable terms. We
believe that the management fees paid to Free Bulkers are
comparable to those charged by unaffiliated management companies.
COMMISSIONS AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES Commissions paid during fiscal 2006
totaled $799,000, compared to the fiscal 2005 total of $553,000.
The commission fees paid in fiscal 2006 and 2005 represented
commissions paid to Free Bulkers and unaffiliated third parties.
Our commissions paid increase primarily as a result of increased
operations of the M/V Free Fighter, which we acquired in
June 2005. General and administrative expenses, which included,
among other things, international safety code compliance
expenses, travel expenses and communications expenses, totaled
$1,925,000 in fiscal 2006 as compared to $321,000 in fiscal
2005. Our general and administrative expenses increased
primarily as a result of an increase in salaries, legal fees,
accounting and auditing fees, director and officer insurance
costs and other fees and expenses relating to being a public
company for the full fiscal year as compared to 15 days in
fiscal 2005 as well as the write off as bad debt of certain
charter hire due in 2005 relating to certain profit-sharing
arrangements and not yet collected and the write-off of
approximately $234,000 in fiscal 2006 relating to expenses and
legal and advisory fees incurred in connection with a
convertible debt offering that was not consummated.
COMPENSATION COST For fiscal 2006,
compensation cost totaled $651,000, as compared to $200,000 for
fiscal 2005. The compensation cost for fiscal 2005 reflected
$20,000 of cash compensation due, but not paid as of
December 31, 2005, to our executive officers under their
employment agreements from the agreements effective date,
December 15, 2005, through the end of 2005. The remaining
$180,000 reflects non-cash, stock-based compensation awarded to
our executive officers pursuant to their employment agreements.
Compensation costs for fiscal 2006 reflect equity based
compensation to our executive officers. The significant increase
is primarily a result of the adoption of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123R for the recognition of
stock-based compensation.
FINANCING COSTS Our financing costs for
fiscal 2006 were $1,004,000 as compared to $1,076,000 for fiscal
2005. Our financing costs represent the fees incurred and
interest paid in connection with the bank loans for our vessels.
The decrease resulted primarily from the partial repayment of
our bank loans.
NET (LOSS)/INCOME Net loss for fiscal 2006
was $3,324,000 as compared to net income of $152,000 for fiscal
2005. The net loss for fiscal 2006 resulted primarily from
decreases in charter revenue earned during the first six months
of fiscal 2006, increases in voyage operating expenses and
depreciation resulting from the operation of the M/V Free
Fighter for a full 12 months in 2006 as compared to
five months in 2005 and the
52
increase in general and administrative expenses resulting from
operating as a public company for a full 12 months in 2006
as compared to 15 days in 2005.
Year
Ended December 31, 2005 (fiscal 2005) as
compared to the period from April 23, 2004
(date of inception) to December 31, 2004
(fiscal 2004)
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(All amounts in tables in thousands of United States dollars,
except for share data)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Period from
|
|
|
|
For the Year
|
|
|
Date of Inception
|
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
|
(April 23, 2004) to
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
OPERATING REVENUES
|
|
|
10,326
|
|
|
|
2,830
|
|
OPERATING EXPENSES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vessel operating expenses
|
|
|
(3,596
|
)
|
|
|
(786
|
)
|
Voyage expenses
|
|
|
(55
|
)
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
Depreciation expense
|
|
|
(3,553
|
)
|
|
|
(872
|
)
|
Amortization of deferred dry
docking and special survey costs
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
Management fees to a related party
|
|
|
(488
|
)
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
Commissions
|
|
|
(553
|
)
|
|
|
(127
|
)
|
Compensation costs
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Loss) Income from
operations
|
|
|
1,205
|
|
|
|
706
|
|
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance costs
|
|
|
(1,076
|
)
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
Interest income
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other expense
|
|
|
(1,053
|
)
|
|
|
(236
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
470
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Diluted (loss) earnings per share
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
$
|
0.10
|
|
Basic weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
4,574,588
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
Diluted weighted average number of
shares
|
|
|
4,600,444
|
|
|
|
4,500,000
|
|
REVENUES Operating revenues for fiscal 2005
were $10,326,000, an increase of $7,496,000 or 265% from
$2,830,000 in operating revenues for fiscal 2004. Included
herein, revenues representing the profit-sharing portion of our
charters were $769,800 for fiscal 2005, an increase of 161%,
from the $295,000 in revenues representing the profit sharing
portion of our charters for fiscal 2004. The increase in
operating revenues and revenues representing the profit-sharing
portion of our charters is primarily a result of the operations
of the M/V
Free Destiny and the M/V Free Envoy for the entire
2005 year and the addition of the M/V Free Fighter
to our fleet in mid-2005.
VESSEL OPERATING EXPENSES Vessel operating
expenses, which include crew costs, provisions, deck and engine
stores, lubricating oil, insurance, maintenance and repairs,
totaled $3,596,000 in fiscal 2005 as compared to $786,000 for
fiscal 2004. The daily vessel operating expenses, including the
management fees paid to our affiliate, Free Bulkers, per vessel
were $4,387 for fiscal 2005, an increase of 10.8% over the
$3,959 daily vessel operating expenses for fiscal 2004. The
increase in vessel operating expenses primarily reflects the
operation of the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V Free
Envoy for a full 12 months in fiscal 2005 as compared
to four and three months in fiscal 2004, respectively. This
increase also reflects the
start-up
costs,
53
such as expenses relating to the upgrade of the vessels
engines, generators and safety equipment, associated with the
purchase of and subsequent improvement consistent with our
standards, of the M/V Free Fighter.
VOYAGE EXPENSES Voyage expenses, which
include bunkers, cargo expense, port expenses, port agency fees,
tugs, extra insurance and various expenses, were $55,000 for
fiscal 2005 as compared to $16,000 in fiscal 2004. Voyage
expenses increased primarily as a result of the operation of the
M/V Free Destiny and M/V Free Envoy for a full
12 months in 2005 as compared to four and three months in
2004, respectively, and the addition of the M/V Free Fighter
in 2005.
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION For fiscal
2005, depreciation expense totaled $3,553,000, as compared to
$872,000 for fiscal 2004. The increase in depreciation expense
resulted primarily from our vessels being in service for a full
12 months in fiscal 2005 as compared to four and three
months, for the M/V Free Destiny and the M/V Free
Envoy, respectively, in fiscal 2004 and the addition of a
third vessel to our fleet. The increase was partially offset by
an increase in the residual value of each vessel from $150 per
ton to $250 per ton beginning on July 1, 2005. For fiscal
2005 amortization of dry dockings and special survey costs
totaled $355,000, an increase of 226% from $109,000 in fiscal
2004. The increase in amortization expense resulted primarily
from vessels being in service for additional days and the
addition of a third vessel to our fleet.
MANAGEMENT FEES Management fees for fiscal
2005 totaled $488,000, an increase of $308,000 from the
management fees of $180,000 in fiscal 2004. Management fees are
paid to our affiliate, Free Bulkers, for the management of our
vessels. Pursuant to the management agreements related to each
of our current vessels, we pay Free Bulkers a monthly management
fee of $15,000 per vessel. We have also agreed to pay Free
Bulkers a fee equal to 1.25% of freight or hire collected from
the employment of our vessels and a 1% commission on the gross
purchase price of any new vessels acquired or the sales price of
any vessel sold by us with the assistance of Free Bulkers. Free
Bulkers has entered into a sub-management agreement with
Safbulk, an affiliate of FS Holdings, one of our principal
shareholders, pursuant to which Safbulk has agreed to perform
charter and post charter management services for our fleet. Free
Bulkers has agreed to pay Safbulk 1.25% of freight or hire
collected from the employment of our vessels. In addition, we
reimburse at cost the travel and other personnel expenses of the
Free Bulkers staff, including the per diem paid by Free Bulkers
to its staff, when they are required to attend our vessels at
port. These agreements have no specified termination date. We
anticipate that Free Bulkers would manage any additional vessels
that we may acquire in the future on comparable terms. We
believe that the management fees paid to Free Bulkers are
comparable to those charged by unaffiliated management
companies. Free Bulkers has entered into an agreement with
Safbulk, an affiliate of one of our principal shareholders, and
has subcontracted to Safbulk the commercial management of our
vessels. Free Bulkers is responsible for paying Safbulks
corresponding fees.
COMMISSIONS AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES Commissions paid during fiscal 2005
totaled $553,000, an increase of $426,000 from the fiscal 2004
total of $127,000. The commission fees in 2005 represented
commissions paid to unaffiliated third parties and to Free
Bulkers. The commission fees paid in fiscal 2004 were chartering
commissions paid to unaffiliated third parties in connection
with the chartering of our vessels. Our commissions paid
increased primarily as a result of the increase in our charter
revenue, which reflected that our vessels were in service
additional days and that we acquired a third vessel for our
fleet. General and administrative expenses, which included,
among other things, safety code compliance expenses, travel
expenses and communications expenses, totaled $321,000 in fiscal
2005 as compared to $34,000 in fiscal 2004. Our general and
administrative expenses increased primarily as a result of the
increase in our legal, accounting and investor relations
expenses associated with our becoming a publicly traded company.
COMPENSATION COST For fiscal 2005,
compensation cost totaled $200,000, as compared to $0 for fiscal
2004. The compensation cost reflects $20,000 of cash
compensation due, but not yet paid, to our executive officers
under their employment agreements from the agreements
effective date, December 15, 2005, through the end of 2005.
The remaining $180,000 reflects non-cash, stock-based
compensation awarded to our executive officers pursuant to their
employment agreements.
54
Prior to the closing of the merger with Trinity in December
2005, we did not have any employees. Free Bulkers, as our ship
manager, was responsible for performing all services relating to
the operations of our vessels.
FINANCING COSTS Our financing costs for
fiscal 2005, were $1,076,000, as compared to $240,000 for fiscal
2004. Our financing costs represent the fees incurred and
interest paid in connection with the bank loans for our vessels.
The increase in financing costs resulted primarily from the
payment of interest for 12 months on the loans on the M/V
Free Destiny and the M/V Free Envoy, as compared
to payment of interest for only four and three months,
respectively, in fiscal 2004, the additional financing cost
associated with the loan obtained to purchase the M/V Free
Fighter in fiscal 2005, and the financing cost associated
with the refinancing of the original loan on the M/V Free
Destiny.
NET INCOME Net income for fiscal 2005 was
$152,000 as compared to $470,000 for fiscal 2004. Net income
decreased primarily as a result of the additional expenses
involved in operating two of our vessels for a full
12 months in fiscal 2005 as compared to three and four
months, respectively, in fiscal 2004 as well as the addition of
a new vessel in fiscal 2005. The increase in expenses was
partially offset by an increase in revenue resulting from an
increase in the number of available days in fiscal 2005.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of funds have been equity provided by our
shareholders, operating cash flows and long-term borrowings. Our
principal use of funds has been capital expenditures to acquire
and maintain our fleet, comply with international shipping
standards and environmental laws and regulations, fund working
capital requirements and make principal repayments on
outstanding loan facilities. We expect to rely upon operating
cash flows, long-term borrowings, and the working capital
available to us, as well as possible future equity financings,
to implement our growth plan. In addition, to the extent that
the options and warrants currently issued are subsequently
exercised, the proceeds from these exercises would provide us
with additional funds.
Based on current market conditions, we believe that our current
cash balance as well as operating cash flows will be sufficient
to meet our liquidity needs for our existing vessels for the
next 18 months, as well as the additional vessel we are
currently under contract to purchase (as described above under
Recent Developments).
On April 27, 2007, we sold the M/V Free Fighter for
$11,075,000 and repaid $2,330,000 on Advance A and $2,470,000 on
Advance B of the loans with First Business Bank using proceeds
from the sale of that vessel to make these payments.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase four secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero, M/V Free Jupiter, M/V
Free Iris and M/V Free Gentleman, from
non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price of
$114.0 million. In accordance with the memoranda of
agreement, we provided deposits totaling $11.4 million to
the respective sellers of the above four vessels. We obtained
the funds for the deposits from a $5.5 million draw on the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan described below
and $5.9 million from our cash on hand, primarily resulting
from the sale of the M/V Free Fighter in April 2007. We
anticipated financing the remaining $102.6 million of the
purchase prices of the above vessels, due upon their respective
deliveries, by utilizing the following: (i) up to
$68.0 million in a senior secured loan from HSH Nordbank
AG; (ii) up to $21.5 million in a junior loan from
BTMU Capital Corporation, an affiliate of the Bank of Tokyo
Mitsubishi; (iii) the remaining $8.5 million of the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan (which was drawn
down on June 22, 2007 as discussed further below);
(iv) cash on hand from operations and (v) an overdraft
credit facility of $4 million available from Hollandsche
Bank Unie N.V.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we paid the $22.7 million remaining balance, net
of the deposit paid, of the $25.25 million purchase price
using $20.4 million from the above described senior and
junior financing sources and $2.3 million from cash on
hand. The vessel is currently subject to a $14,500 per day time
charter expiring in December 2008, with a charterers
option for extension
55
until February 2009. We expect to take delivery of the M/V
Free Jupiter in August or September 2007. The purchase
price for the M/V Free Jupiter is $47.0 million and
we expect to utilize the above-described financing sources to
pay the remaining $42.3 million balance of the purchase
price due upon delivery.
Due to a dispute between third parties unrelated to us and the
sellers of the M/V Free Gentleman and
M/V Free
Iris, which would have resulted in the vessels not being
delivered as per the terms of their respective memoranda of
agreement, we decided, in agreement with the sellers, to
terminate those agreements on July 27, 2007, with immediate
return of the full deposits for such vessels totaling
$4.25 million. We intend to seek to replace the two
undelivered vessels with alternative tonnage of similar profile
and return characteristics in an effort to expand our fleet in
the Handysize/Handymax segment. We intend to utilize our
available cash and the remainder of our existing credit
facilities as described above for any future near term
acquisitions.
The $14.0 million loan from one of our principal
shareholders was signed on May 7, 2007 and accrues interest
on the outstanding principal balance at the annual rate of
12.0%, payable upon maturity of the loan. The loan is due at the
earlier of (i) May 7, 2009, (ii) the date of a
Capital Event, which is defined as any event in
which we raise gross proceeds of not less than $40 million
in an offering of our common stock or other equity securities or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for our equity
securities, or (iii) the date of acceleration of the
amounts due under the note. Additionally, we agreed to issue to
that shareholder, for every $1.0 million drawn under the
loan, 50,000 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at
an exercise price of $5.00 per share. On May 8, 2007, we
drew down $5.5 million from the shareholder loan in
connection with the deposits to be posted under the memoranda of
agreement for the acquisition of the vessels. On June 22,
2007, we drew down the remaining $8.5 million from the
shareholder loan in anticipation of taking delivery of the M/V
Free Gentleman, which delivery, however, was never
completed as discussed above. We have issued the shareholder
700,000 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 per share in connection with the two
draw downs described above.
We have obtained an offer letter for a senior secured credit
facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter of this
offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to refinance our
Acquisition Debt Facilities and a $38.3 million facility
for the purchase of additional vessels. The availability of this
facility is contingent upon, among other things, the execution
of formal loan documents and credit committee approval. We
intend to enter into this senior credit facility only if we
successfully complete this offering. See Use of
Proceeds and Business Loans for
Vessels.
If we do acquire additional vessels in the future beyond the
near-term acquisitions we seek to complete, then we will rely on
funds drawn from our existing or new debt facilities, our
working capital, proceeds from possible future equity offerings,
and revenues from operations to meet our liquidity needs going
forward.
The M/V Free Destiny, the M/V Free Envoy and the
M/V Free Fighter, the three Handysize drybulk carriers we
owned during fiscal 2006, were 24, 22, and 24 years old,
respectively. For financial statement purposes, we used an
estimated useful life of 27 years for each vessel. However,
economics, rather than a set number of years, determines the
actual useful life of a vessel. As a vessel ages, the
maintenance costs rise particularly with respect to the cost of
surveys. So long as the revenue generated by the vessel
sufficiently exceeds its maintenance costs, the vessel will
remain in use. If the revenue generated or expected future
revenue does not sufficiently exceed the maintenance costs, or
if the maintenance costs exceed the revenue generated or
expected future revenue, then the vessel owner usually sells the
vessel for scrap.
The next special survey of the M/V Free Destiny is
scheduled to occur in the third quarter of 2007, when the vessel
will be 25 years old. The next special survey of the M/V
Free Envoy is scheduled to occur at the end of August
2008, when the vessel is 24 years old. If those special
surveys do not require us to make extensive capital outlays to
keep the vessels operating, then the M/V Free Destiny and
M/V Free Envoy should continue in use for approximately
two and one-half years after their respective special surveys.
The M/V Free Fighter underwent her regularly scheduled
fifth special and docking surveys in November and December 2006.
Based on the fifth special and docking surveys, conducted during
the three months ended March 31, 2007, the estimated useful
life of the M/V Free Fighter was changed to 30 years.
56
Our business is capital intensive and our future success will
depend on our ability to maintain a high-quality fleet through
the timely acquisition of additional vessels and the possible
sale of selected vessels. These acquisitions will be principally
subject to managements expectation of future market
conditions as well as our ability to acquire drybulk carriers on
favorable terms.
Cash
Flows
OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net cash from operating
activities totaled $1,078,000 during fiscal 2006 as compared to
$5,724,000 in fiscal 2005 and $1,246,000 in fiscal 2004. The
decrease in net cash from operating activities resulted
primarily from a decrease in charter revenue during the first
quarter of 2006 resulting from a weaker charter market and the
M/V Free Fighter being out of service for its special
survey and an increase in drydocking and special survey cost and
general and administrative expenses resulting from being a
public reporting company. Net cash from operating activities
increased by $1,291,000 for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 compared to the three months ended
March 31, 2006. This increase is primarily the result of an
increase in net income.
INVESTING ACTIVITIES We did not use any cash
in investing activities during fiscal 2006, as compared to
$10,813,000 for fiscal 2005 and $17,460,000 for fiscal 2004. We
used cash in investing activities during fiscal 2005 and fiscal
2004 to purchase vessels. We did not use any cash in investing
activities during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and
2006, respectively.
FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net cash used in
financing activities in fiscal 2006 was $3,991,000, which
primarily reflects payments of $8,250,000 of long-term debt
offset by the proceeds of borrowings and the movement of a bank
overdraft of $4,330,000. Net cash provided by financing
activities in fiscal 2005 was $7,913,000, which primarily
reflects borrowings of $14,916,000 from unaffiliated banks and
shareholders and $5,901,000 from the issuance of common stock
offset by the repayment of $12,266,000 of borrowings. Net cash
provided by financing activities in fiscal 2004 was $16,675,000,
which primarily reflects borrowings of $14,675,000 from
unaffiliated banks and shareholders, $2,966,000 in shareholder
contributions and $600,000 in shareholder advances offset by the
repayment of $1,418,000 of borrowings. Net cash used in
financing activities during the three months ended
March 31, 2007 was $280,000 compared to $2,008,000 for the
three months ended March 31, 2006. The net cash used in
financing activities during the three months ended
March 31, 2007 includes $2,000,000 in short term debt
payments, $500,000 in long term debt payments and quarterly
$250,000 payments against shareholders loans. In January
2007, we drew down Advance B of $2,470,000 from our loan with
First Business Bank. Both Advance A and Advance B of the
respective loans were subsequently fully repaid on
April 27, 2007 from the proceeds of the sale of the M/V
Free Fighter.
Capital
Requirements
On May 1, 2007, we, through our wholly owned subsidiaries,
entered into memoranda of agreement to acquire the M/V Free
Hero and the M/V Free Jupiter. We took delivery of
the M/V Free Hero on July 3, 2007 and we expect to
take delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter in August or
September 2007.
These vessels will be acquired for a total price of
$72.25 million from non-affiliated parties. The acquisition
of the vessels will be financed through a combination of bank
debt available for this purpose, a shareholder loan and our
available cash on hand. Please see Recent
Developments, Liquidity and Capital
Resources and Business Loans for
Vessels for more information about these pending
acquisitions and the related financing.
Long-Term
Debt
Our subsidiaries have obtained financing from unaffiliated
lenders for their vessels.
Adventure Two owns the M/V Free Destiny subject to a
mortgage securing a loan in the original principal amount of
$3,700,000 from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. The loan
bears interest at 1.95% above LIBOR, matures in 2008, and is
payable in eight quarterly installments of $75,000 each
beginning December 27, 2005, followed by one quarterly
installment of $100,000, two quarterly installments of $500,000
each, and a balloon
57
payment of $2,000,000 in 2008. The loan is secured by a first
preferred mortgage on the vessel, our guarantee of $500,000 of
the principal amount plus interest and costs, joint and several
liability of Adventure Three, and pledges of (1) the rights
and earnings under time charter contracts present or future,
(2) rights under insurance policies and (3) goods and
documents of title that may come into the banks possession
for the benefit of Adventure Two.
Adventure Three owns the M/V Free Envoy subject to a
mortgage securing a loan in the original principal amount of
$6,000,000 from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. The loan
was amended in September 2005, pursuant to which the interest
was reduced to 1.95% above LIBOR. The loan matures in December
2007, and is payable in 12 quarterly installments of $425,000
each commencing December 2005 with a balloon payment of $900,000
at final maturity. The loan is secured by a first preferred
mortgage on the vessel, our guarantee of $500,000 of the
principal amount plus interest and costs and pledges of
(1) the rights and earnings under time charter contracts
present or future, (2) rights under insurance policies and
(3) goods and documents of title that may come into the
banks possession for the benefit of Adventure Three. In
June 2006, we borrowed an additional $2,000,000 from Hollandsche
Bank Unie N.V., which amounts were also secured by
the M/V Free Envoy and were used to pay principal and
interest due to Egnatia Bank, S.A. under its loan to Adventure
Four. On January 12, 2007, the additional $2,000,000
borrowed from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. was paid
off from the proceeds of a loan from First Business Bank, S.A.
to Adventure Four described below.
Adventure Four owned the M/V Free Fighter subject to a
mortgage securing a loan in the original principal amount of
$4,800,000 from First Business Bank. The loan bared interest at
the rate of LIBOR plus 2% and was payable in twelve quarterly
installments of $315,000 each, with the first payment due in
April 2007, and a balloon payment of $1,020,000 payable along
with the last installment. This loan was secured by the vessel,
an assignment of income from the vessel, our corporate guarantee
and a letter of undertaking from Free Bulkers. The loan from
First Business Bank was repaid in April 2007 in connection with
the sale of the M/V Free Fighter.
Each of the loan agreements also includes affirmative and
negative covenants of Adventure Two, Adventure Three and
Adventure Four, as applicable, such as maintenance of operating
accounts, minimum cash deposits and minimum market values.
Adventure Two, Adventure Three and Adventure Four are further
restricted under their respective loan agreements from incurring
additional indebtedness, changing the vessels flags and
distributing earnings without the prior written consent of the
lenders.
We also had outstanding, as of March 31, 2007, two
interest-free loans from our former principal shareholders with
an aggregate principal balance, net of discount which results
from accounting for the loans at their fair value, of
$2,324,000, the proceeds of which were used to acquire our
vessels. These loans were modified in April 2005 and October
2005 to provide for a repayment schedule for each loan of eight
equal quarterly installments of $125,000 each in 2006 and 2007,
commencing on March 31, 2006, with balloon payments of the
balance due on each loan on January 1, 2008. Additionally,
the amended terms provide that the loans will become immediately
due and payable in the event that we raise additional capital of
at least $12,500,000. We currently intend to use a portion of
the net proceeds of this offering to repay the remaining
principal balance of these loans. Before these modifications,
the loans were repayable from time to time based on our
available cash flow, and matured on the earlier of the sale date
of the applicable vessel or December 31, 2006. On
January 5, 2007, the shareholder loans due to one of our
former shareholders were sold to The Midas Touch, S.A., a
company controlled by Ion G. Varouxakis, our chairman, chief
executive officer and president and one of our principal
shareholders, for the principal amount then outstanding. The
Midas Touch subsequently sold a portion of this loan to FS
Holdings Limited, also one of our principal shareholders.
We have financed a portion of the purchase price of the M/V
Free Hero, and intend to finance the
M/V Free
Jupiter and any vessels that we may acquire to replace the
M/V Free Iris and M/V Free Gentleman. In this
regard, with respect to our initial agreement to purchase the
M/V Free Hero, M/V Free Jupiter, M/V Free Iris
and M/V Free Gentleman, we received a loan commitment
from HSH Nordbank AG and BTMU Capital Corporation with respect
to senior and junior loan facilities of approximately
$89,500,000. HSH Nordbank AG has indicated that these facilities
will be available upon similar terms to acquire suitable
replacement vessels for the M/V Free Iris and the M/V
Free Gentleman. We have also amended our existing
58
credit agreement with Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V. to
provide for an additional $4,000,000 overdraft facility. We have
also obtained a $14,000,000 principal amount
non-amortizing,
unsecured loan from FS Holdings Limited, one of our principal
shareholders. See Business Loans for
Vessels.
We have obtained an offer letter for a senior secured credit
facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter of this
offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to refinance our
Acquisition Debt Facilities and a $38.3 million facility
for the purchase of additional vessels. The availability of this
facility is contingent upon, among other things, the execution
of formal loan documents and credit committee approval. We
intend to enter into this senior credit facility only if we
successfully complete this offering. See Use of
Proceeds and Business Loans for
Vessels.
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosure of Market Risk
Interest
Rate Fluctuation
The international drybulk industry is a capital-intensive
industry, requiring significant amounts of investment. Much of
this investment is provided in the form of long-term debt. Our
debt usually contains interest rates that fluctuate with LIBOR.
Increasing interest rates could adversely impact future earnings.
Our interest expense is affected by changes in the general level
of interest rates. As an indication of the extent of our
sensitivity to interest rate changes, an increase of
100 basis points would have decreased our net income and
cash flows in the 2006 fiscal year by approximately $102,041
based upon our debt level during the period in 2006 during which
we had debt outstanding.
The following table sets forth the sensitivity of the loan on
the M/V Free Destiny in U.S. dollars to a
100-basis-point increase in LIBOR during 2007 and 2008 on the
same basis.
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
32,536
|
|
2008
|
|
$
|
26,516
|
|
The following table sets forth the sensitivity of the loan on
the M/V Free Envoy in U.S. dollars to a
100-basis-point increase in LIBOR during 2007 on the same basis.
|
|
|
|
|
Year
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
15,269
|
|
Please see Liquidity and Capital
Resources and Business Loans for
Vessels for a description of these loans.
Foreign
Exchange Rate Risk
We generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars, but incur
approximately 11% of our expenses in currencies other than
U.S. dollars. For accounting purposes, expenses incurred in
Euros are converted into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate
prevailing on the date of each transaction. At December 31,
2004, 2005, and 2006, approximately 20%, 38% and 31%,
respectively, of our outstanding accounts payable was
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar
(mainly in the Euro). As an indication of the extent of our
sensitivity to foreign exchange rate changes, an increase of 10%
in the value of other currencies against the dollar would have
decreased our net income and cash flows in the current year by
approximately $5,000 based upon the accounts payable we had
denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar during
fiscal 2006.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements.
59
Contractual
Obligations and Contingencies
Significant existing contractual obligations and contingencies
consist of the obligations of our vessel-owning subsidiaries as
borrowers of loans to finance the purchase of our vessels. The
following table describes the repayment schedules for our
long-term financial obligations outstanding as of
December 31, 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M/V
|
|
|
M/V
|
|
|
M/V
|
|
|
Related
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
Free Destiny(1)
|
|
|
Free Envoy(1)
|
|
|
Free Fighter(1),(2)
|
|
|
Parties(3)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2007
|
|
$
|
462,519
|
|
|
$
|
2,286,462
|
|
|
$
|
1,269,579
|
|
|
$
|
1,250,000
|
|
|
$
|
5,268,560
|
|
2008
|
|
|
3,293,572
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,522,648
|
|
|
|
1,367,000
|
|
|
|
6,183,220
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,391,201
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,391,201
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,337,998
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,337,998
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
$
|
3,756,091
|
|
|
$
|
2,286,462
|
|
|
$
|
5,521,426
|
|
|
$
|
2,617,000
|
|
|
$
|
14,180,979
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The interest payable on each of the outstanding loans is equal
to LIBOR plus 1.95% with respect to the loans on the M/V Free
Destiny and the M/V Free Envoy and LIBOR plus 2.0%
for the M/V Free Fighter. The amounts payable reflected
on the table include principal and interest calculated assuming
LIBOR is equal to 5.35%. |
|
(2) |
|
We sold this vessel during the second quarter of 2007. The
vessel was delivered to the purchaser on April 27, 2007, at
which time the loans were repaid in full. |
|
(3) |
|
Repayment schedule reflects payments with respect to two loans
from our former principal corporate shareholders. See
Long Term Debt. |
Critical
Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of those financial
statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that
affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues
and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual
results may differ from these estimates under different
assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant
judgments or uncertainties, and potentially result in materially
different results under different assumptions and conditions. We
have described below what we believe are our most critical
accounting policies that involve a high degree of judgment and
the methods of their application. For a description of all of
our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to our
consolidated financial statements.
Impairment of long-lived assets. We evaluate
the carrying amounts and periods over which long-lived assets
are depreciated to determine if events or changes in
circumstances have occurred that would require modification to
their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful
lives and carrying values of long-lived assets, we review
certain indicators of potential impairment, such as undiscounted
projected operating cash flows, vessel sales and purchases,
business plans and overall market conditions. We determine
undiscounted projected net operating cash flows for each vessel
and compare it to the vessel carrying value. In the event that
impairment occurred, we would determine the fair value of the
related asset and we record a charge to operations calculated by
comparing the assets carrying value to the estimated fair
market value. We estimate fair market value primarily through
the use of third-party valuations performed on an individual
vessel basis.
Depreciation. We record the value of our
vessels at their cost (which includes acquisition costs directly
attributable to the vessel and expenditures made to prepare the
vessel for its initial voyage) less accumulated depreciation. We
depreciate each of our vessels on a straight-line basis over its
estimated useful life, which during fiscal 2006 was estimated to
be 27 years from date of initial delivery from the shipyard
for all of our vessels. We believe that a
27-year
depreciable life is consistent with that of other shipping
companies. During
60
the three months ended March 31, 2007, we changed the
estimated useful life for the M/V Free Fighter to
30 years. Depreciation is based on cost less the estimated
residual scrap value. Furthermore, we estimate the residual
values of our vessels to be $250 per lightweight ton, as of
December 31, 2006, which we believe is common in the
shipping industry. Prior to July 1, 2005, we had estimated
the residual value of our vessels to be $150 per lightweight
ton. An increase in the useful life of the vessel or in the
residual value would have the effect of decreasing the annual
depreciation charge and extending it into later periods. A
decrease in the useful life of the vessel or in the residual
value would have the effect of increasing the annual
depreciation charge. See Liquidity and Capital
Resources for a discussion of the factors affecting the
actual useful lives of our vessels. However, when regulations
place limitations on the ability of a vessel to trade on a
worldwide basis, the vessels useful life is adjusted to
end at the date such regulations become effective.
Deferred dry-dock and special survey
costs. Our vessels are required to be dry-docked
approximately twice in any
60-month
period for major repairs and maintenance that cannot be
performed while the vessels are operating. The vessels are
required to undergo special surveys every 60 months that
occasionally coincide with dry-docking due dates, in which case
the procedures are combined in a cost-efficient manner. We
follow the deferral method of accounting for special survey and
dry-docking costs, whereby actual costs incurred are deferred
and amortized on a straight line basis over the period through
the date the next dry-docking or special survey becomes due. If
a special survey or dry-docking is performed prior to the
scheduled date, the remaining unamortized balances are
immediately written off.
Costs capitalized as part of the dry dock include all work
required by the vessels classification societies, which
may consist of actual costs incurred at the dry-dock yard,
including but not limited to, dry-dock dues and general services
for vessel preparation, coating of water ballast tanks, cargo
holds, steelworks, piping works and valves, machinery work and
electrical work.
All work that may be carried out during dry-dock time for
routine maintenance according to our planned maintenance program
and not required by the vessels classification societies
are not capitalized but expensed as incurred. Unamortized
dry-docking costs of vessels that are sold are written off and
included in the calculation of resulting gain or loss in the
year of the vessels sale.
Accounting for revenues and expenses. Revenues
and expenses resulting from each time charter are accounted for
on an accrual basis. Time charter revenues are recognized on a
straight-line basis over the rental periods of such signed
charter agreements, as service is performed, except for loss
generating time charters, in which case the loss is recognized
in the period when such loss is determined. Time charter
revenues received in advance are recorded as a liability until
charter service is rendered.
Vessel operating expenses are accounted for on an incurred
basis. Certain vessel operating expenses payable by us are
estimated and accrued at period end.
We generally enter into profit-sharing arrangements with
charterers, whereby we may receive additional income equal to an
agreed upon percentage of net earnings earned by the charterer,
where those earnings are over the base rate of hire, to be
settled periodically, during the term of the charter agreement.
Revenues generated from profit-sharing arrangements are
recognized based on the amounts settled for a respective period.
Insurance Claims. Insurance claims comprise
claims submitted
and/or
claims in the process of compilation or submission (claims
pending) relating to hull and machinery or protection and
indemnity insurance coverage. The insurance claim recoveries
receivable are recorded, net of any deductible amounts, at the
time when the fixed asset suffers the insured damages and the
damage is quantified by the insurance adjusters
preliminary report or when crew medical expenses are incurred
and management believes that recovery of an insurance claim is
probable. The non-recoverable amounts are classified as
operating expenses in our statement of operations. Probability
of recovery of a receivable is determined on the basis of the
nature of the loss or damage covered by the policy, the history
of recoverability of such claims in the past and the receipt of
the adjusters preliminary report on the quantification of
the loss. We pay the vendors involved in remedying the insured
damage, submits claim documentation and upon collection offsets
the receivable. The classification of insurance claims (if any)
into current and non-current assets is based on
managements expectations as to their collection dates.
61
New
Accounting Policy
Effective January 1, 2007, we have adopted Financial
Accounting Standards Board Interpretation (FIN) No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.
FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income
taxes recognized in financial statements in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS,
No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes.
FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement
attribute for the financial statement recognition and
measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a
tax return. FIN 48 requires that we determine whether the
benefits of our tax positions are more likely than not of being
sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the tax
position. The provisions of FIN 48 also provide guidance on
de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties,
accounting in interim periods, and disclosure. We did not have
any unrecognized tax benefits and there was no effect on our
financial condition or results of operations as a result of
implementing FIN 48.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measures. SFAS No. 157 defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and
enhances disclosures about fair value measures required under
other accounting pronouncements, but does not change existing
guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair
value. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently
evaluating the impact that the adoption of
SFAS No. 157 will have on our future consolidated
financial statements.
62
THE
INTERNATIONAL DRYBULK SHIPPING INDUSTRY
The information and data in this section relating to the
international drybulk shipping industry has been provided by
Maritime Strategies International Ltd., or MSI, and is taken
from MSI databases and other sources available in the public
domain. MSI has advised us that it accurately describes the
international drybulk shipping industry, subject to the
availability and reliability of the data supporting the
statistical and graphical information presented. MSIs
methodologies for collecting information and data, and therefore
the information discussed in this section, may differ from those
of other sources, and does not reflect all or even necessarily a
comprehensive set of the actual transactions occurring in the
drybulk shipping industry.
Introduction
The global shipping industry provides seaborne transportation
for related industries on an international scale. Generally it
is divided into the following sectors: (i) bulk
shipping, which consists of drybulk vessels for the movement of
commodities such as coal and iron ore and tankers which carry
both crude oil and refined products in liquid bulk;
(ii) containerships, which carry intermediate or
manufactured goods in standardized boxes and
(iii) specialized vessels, such as gas carriers,
refrigerated cargo ships and car carriers which service a
particular niche trade.
The demand for these different sectors varies, but generally is
related to global economic growth and trading patterns between
sources of demand and supply for the industry that they serve.
In recent years all sectors of shipping have witnessed increases
in demand as a result of rapid industrialization of Asian
economies, particularly China. This has lead to a large increase
in the trade of both bulk commodities and finished/semi-finished
exports. Between
2001-2006
global trade in seaborne oil (including both crude and refined
products) has increased by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
of 5%, trade in drybulk grew with a CAGR of 6% and containerized
trade by a CAGR of 13%.
GROWTH
IN BULK AND CONTAINERIZED TRADE
Source: MSI
Note: Containerized trade includes primary port-to-port and
transshipment. Drybulk includes iron ore, coal, grain and minor
bulks.
63
At the same time strong global economic growth has seen a
continued rise in the trading volumes of specialized trade, as
shown below:
GROWTH
IN SPECIALIZED TRADE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Global Trade
|
|
|
|
|
1999
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Chemicals (MnT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101.2
|
|
|
|
107.6
|
|
|
|
112.5
|
|
|
|
117.5
|
|
|
|
122.2
|
|
|
|
125.4
|
|
|
|
134.9
|
|
|
|
144.4
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
|
6
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
LPG (MnT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61.06
|
|
|
|
61.86
|
|
|
|
61.26
|
|
|
|
62.39
|
|
|
|
66.53
|
|
|
|
68.68
|
|
|
|
71.28
|
|
|
|
74.30
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
7
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
Refrigerated (MnT)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21.72
|
|
|
|
22.86
|
|
|
|
23.39
|
|
|
|
23.59
|
|
|
|
24.79
|
|
|
|
25.83
|
|
|
|
26.33
|
|
|
|
26.90
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
New Cars (Mn Units)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.15
|
|
|
|
8.57
|
|
|
|
8.19
|
|
|
|
8.81
|
|
|
|
9.21
|
|
|
|
10.16
|
|
|
|
10.41
|
|
|
|
11.48
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
4
|
%
|
|
|
8
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
Source: MSI
Drybulk
Carrier Employment Demand
The international drybulk shipping industry provides seaborne
transportation of drybulk commodities for related industries.
The most important of these commodities are iron ore, coal and
grains which together account for 75% of total trade. Other key
cargoes, commonly referred to as minor bulks, include
agricultural products (e.g. fertilizers), steel products, forest
products, metals, cement and a wide range of other minerals.
Shipping companies provide seaborne transportation to customers
that include power utilities, steelmakers, grain houses,
commodity traders and government agencies. In recent years there
has been a substantial increase in the use of commodities
transported in drybulk. In 2006, the amount of cargo transported
by the industry was estimated to have exceeded 2.4 billion
metric tons an increase of over 8% over the previous
year and almost 40% since 2000.
The amount of cargo transported in drybulk carriers is governed
by demand for the various commodities, which is affected by
international economic activity, regional imbalances between
domestic production and consumption, commodity prices and
inventories. In addition to the volume of cargo, drybulk carrier
demand is driven by the average distance required to transport
it from commodity-producing locations to commodity-consuming
destinations. Demand can be expressed in
ton-miles,
measured as the product of (a) the amount of cargo
transported and (b) the distance over which it is
transported.
The mile component is generally the most variable element of
ton-mile
demand. Seaborne trading distances for commodities are
determined principally by the location of production and their
efficient distribution for processing and consumption. For
instance, a ton of ore carried from Brazil to China generates
roughly 2 to 3 times the demand for sea transport as the same
amount of ore shipped from Australia. Trading patterns are
sensitive both to major geopolitical events and to small shifts,
imbalances and disruptions in all stages of production and
processing through to end-use. Seaborne transportation distances
are also influenced by infrastructural factors, such as the
availability of canal shortcuts and capacity at ports and
inland distribution. The following chart outlines seaborne trade
in drybulk commodities from 1980 to 2006.
64
SEABORNE
DRYBULK TRADE
Source: MSI
Seaborne drybulk trade has grown by a compound annual rate of 4%
per annum since 1980, but in the last 5 years growth has
risen to over 6% per annum. The acceleration in trade in recent
years has been driven primarily by China, whose economic growth
averaged 10.3% per annum from
2003-2006.
Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001
caused a large increase in investment funds flowing into the
country as foreign manufacturers sought to benefit from lower
wage costs and the future prospects of a large consumer market.
Chinas growth helped foster a wider rebound in the other
Asian economies, particularly Japan, Korea and Taiwan. As a
result there has been substantial growth of drybulk trade to and
from the Pacific region, for a number of key commodities.
Steel industry related trades, mainly iron ore, metallurgical
coal, finished steel and intermediate steel products, account
for about 50% of the seaborne drybulk trade. The table below
shows the main drybulk commodities and the main segments of the
drybulk carrier fleet they are transported by.
PRINCIPAL
DRYBULK TRADE AND VESSELS CARRIED BY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seaborne Trade 2006
|
|
|
Percent of Seaborne
|
|
|
Typical Drybulk Carrier
|
Commodity
|
|
(Million Tonnes)
|
|
|
Drybulk Trade
|
|
|
Carried By;
|
|
Iron ore
|
|
|
728.9
|
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
Capesize, Panamax
|
Meturlurgical Coal
|
|
|
211.3
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
Capesize, Panamax
|
Thermal Coal
|
|
|
579.3
|
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
|
Capesize, Panamax
|
Grains & soybeans
|
|
|
306.3
|
|
|
|
13
|
%
|
|
Panamax, Handymax, Handysize
|
Minor Bulks
|
|
|
582.3
|
|
|
|
24
|
%
|
|
Handymax, Handysize
|
Total
|
|
|
2408.1
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
Source: MSI
65
Steel &
Iron Ore
Chinese growth has been very steel-intensive, driven by
construction and underpinned by large government infrastructure
projects. Chinese production of crude steel has increased by a
compound annual rate of 23% per annum from 2000 to 2006 to
430 million tons. The strength of Chinese steel consumption
has also contributed to an export-led revival in other steel
producing nations such as Japan and Korea.
STEEL
PRODUCTION (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Growth
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2001-2006
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
135.4
|
|
|
|
119.9
|
|
|
|
122.9
|
|
|
|
126.2
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
128
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
1.9
|
%
|
Western Europe
|
|
|
163.4
|
|
|
|
158.5
|
|
|
|
158.7
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
169.1
|
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
%
|
Former Soviet Union
|
|
|
98.49
|
|
|
|
99.62
|
|
|
|
101.1
|
|
|
|
106.2
|
|
|
|
113.1
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
127.2
|
|
|
|
150.9
|
|
|
|
182.2
|
|
|
|
222.4
|
|
|
|
280.5
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
430
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
106.4
|
|
|
|
102.9
|
|
|
|
107.7
|
|
|
|
110.5
|
|
|
|
112.7
|
|
|
|
112
|
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
98.2
|
|
|
|
100.2
|
|
|
|
104.9
|
|
|
|
109.5
|
|
|
|
116.8
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
5.5
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
118.6
|
|
|
|
118.5
|
|
|
|
126.3
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
142.4
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
4.9
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
848
|
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
|
904
|
|
|
|
970
|
|
|
|
1069
|
|
|
|
1139
|
|
|
|
1252
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
Source: IISI/MSI
Although China has vast domestic reserves of both iron ore and
coking (or metallurgical) coal, its domestic reserves of iron
ore are poor in quality (i.e. low in iron content) and are
normally mixed with high quality imported ore. As a result, the
rapid development of steel production has had a significant
impact on Chinese iron ore imports, which have grown by a
compound annual rate of nearly 30% per annum over the last
6 years.
IRON
ORE IMPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Western Europe
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
208
|
|
|
|
275
|
|
|
|
326
|
|
|
|
29.2
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
125
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
%
|
Source: UNCTAD/MSI
Australia and Brazil together account for nearly two thirds of
global iron ore exports. Although both Australia and Brazil have
seen strong demand from China, Australia continues to benefit
the most, accounting for 40% of total Chinese iron ore imports
in 2006. However, although Brazilian iron ore exports to China
account for a smaller percentage of the total (23% in 2006), the
contribution to
ton-mile
demand has been greater due to the greater distances between
origin and destination. In 2006 Brazils exports to China
grew by 40% to 76 million metric tons, or MnT, while
Australias only grew by 13%, hence there was a larger
increase in ton mile demand than the individual Chinese import
number would suggest. India is another major exporter of iron
ore, accounting for 23% of Chinese imports in 2006. Unlike
Australia and Brazil who tend to export primarily in the larger
Capesize vessels, much of Indias exports are in the
smaller Panamax and Handymax vessel sizes.
66
IRON
ORE EXPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Australia
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
174
|
|
|
|
197
|
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
|
239
|
|
|
|
248
|
|
|
|
7.0
|
%
|
Brazil
|
|
|
160
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
170
|
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
223
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
India
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
18.2
|
%
|
Africa
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
3.0
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
123
|
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
167
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
|
595
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
|
|
717
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
7.8
|
%
|
Source: UNCTAD/MSI
Coal
Asias rapid industrial development has also contributed to
strong demand for coal, which accounted for 37% of the total
growth of seaborne bulk trade between 2000 and 2006. Coal is
usually divided into two categories: thermal coal (or steam
coal), used in power stations, and metallurgical coal (coking
coal) used as an input by the steel industry.
Expansion in air-conditioned office and factory space, along
with industrial use, has raised demand for electricity, of which
nearly half is generated from coal-fired plants, thus increasing
demand for thermal coal. In addition, Japans domestic
nuclear power generating industry has suffered from safety
problems in recent years, resulting in the temporary closure of
a number of nuclear power reactors and leading to increased
demand for oil, gas and coal-fired power generation. Furthermore
the high cost of oil and gas has lead to increasing development
of coal fired electricity plants across the world, especially in
Asia. Thermal coal represents the majority of the total coal
trade (73% in 2006) and by itself accounted for 31% of the
growth of total seaborne drybulk trade between 2000 and 2006.
Metallurgical, or coking coal, accounted for 9% of seaborne
trade in 2006. Future prospects are heavily tied to the steel
industry. It is used within the blast furnace to impart its
carbon into the iron, giving the final steel product more
strength and flexibility. Because coking coal is of higher
quality than thermal coal (i.e. more carbon and less
impurities), its price is higher and its trade more volatile.
COAL
IMPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Western Europe
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
|
|
166
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
24.8
|
%
|
Rest of the World
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
|
348
|
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
Source: McCloskeys/MSI
Australia is the worlds dominant exporter of coal,
accounting for 27% of global exports in 2006. However, Indonesia
has increased its exports in recent years, becoming a good
source for business for Panamax and Handymax vessels. Growth in
Indonesian exports has been very strong with a compound annual
growth of 20.8% between 2000 and 2006.
67
COAL
EXPORTS (MILLION METRIC TONNES)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
84
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
%
|
Colombia
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
8.6
|
%
|
South Africa
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
China
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
2.4
|
%
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
|
20.8
|
%
|
Australia
|
|
|
187
|
|
|
|
194
|
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
|
|
228
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
236
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
Poland
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
Rest of World
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
114
|
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
861
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
Source: MSI/McCloskeys
Grains
Wheat and coarse grains are primarily used for direct human
consumption or as feed for livestock. International trade in
grains fluctuates considerably, as price volatility, government
interventionism and weather conditions strongly impact trade
volumes. In 2006, adverse weather impacted wheat and corn
harvests in many of the worlds major growing regions and
production fell roughly 2% from 2005, causing world exports to
fall an estimated 3%. However, soy bean trade has risen rapidly
in recent years as demand for animal feed and vegetable oil has
increased. Despite the recent declines in trade volumes, demand
growth for wheat and course grains is fundamentally linked in
the long term to population growth and rising per capita income.
With Asia experiencing rapid economic growth and increasing
standards of living, it is expected that meat consumption will
increase, leading to rising demand for animal feed.
WHEAT
AND COARSE GRAIN IMPORTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Latin America
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
1.5
|
%
|
Europe/Former Soviet Union
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
%
|
Africa
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
Middle East
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
%
|
Japan
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
Other Asia
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
0.9
|
%
|
Rest of World
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
202
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
214
|
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
Source: USDA/MSI
International trade in grains is dominated by 4 key exporting
regions: (i) North America, (ii) Latin America,
(iii) Oceania and (iv) Europe, including the Former
Soviet Union, which together account for over 90% of global
exports. Large importers are typically North Africa (Egypt), the
Middle East, and more recently, India.
68
WHEAT
AND COARSE GRAIN EXPORTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
Latin America
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
Europe/Former Soviet Union
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
4.8
|
%
|
Oceania
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
8.5
|
%
|
Rest of World
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
%
|
Total
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
215
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
223
|
|
|
|
217
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
Source: USDA/MSI
Minor
Bulks
Trade in minor bulks constituted approximately 24% of total
seaborne trade for drybulk carriers in 2006. The table below
shows that compound annual growth for all minor bulks was 4.2%,
but those related to the steel and construction industries have
grown even faster. Steel scrap trade has grown the fastest as
scrap is the key input for steel makers using the electric
arc furnace means of production. The trade for these minor
bulks is geographically widespread but the Middle East has been
a key importer of construction inputs in recent years.
SEABORNE
TRADE IN SELECTED MINOR BULKS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compound Annual
|
|
|
|
2000
|
|
|
2001
|
|
|
2002
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006(e)
|
|
|
Growth 2000-2006
|
|
|
Steel Scrap
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
Steel Products
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
205
|
|
|
|
211
|
|
|
|
234
|
|
|
|
238
|
|
|
|
256
|
|
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
Cement
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
|
6.0
|
%
|
Bauxite
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
6.2
|
%
|
Total Minor Bulks
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
|
454
|
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
|
487
|
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
%
|
Source: MSI
Drybulk
Carrier Supply
The supply of drybulk shipping capacity is measured by the
amount of suitable deadweight tons available to transport cargo.
This depends on the aggregate tons of the existing world fleet,
deliveries of newbuildings, scrapping of older vessels, and the
number of vessels undergoing maintenance, repairs, inspection,
or otherwise unavailable for use. The decision to order
newbuildings or scrap older vessels is influenced by many
factors, including prevailing and expected charter rates,
newbuilding and scrap prices, and availability of delivery dates
and government and industry regulation of seaborne
transportation practices.
Port and inland infrastructure developments in key load and
discharge areas (particularly for iron ore and coal) have
struggled to keep pace with strong growth in seaborne trade of
drybulk commodities from 2003 to 2006. This has resulted in
escalating port congestion and increased the time spent by
vessels waiting to berth. As the time required to complete a
single vessel voyage has increased, the number of vessels
required has also risen, contributing to higher freight rates.
Newbuildings
In general, it takes from 18 to 36 months from the date of
placing a newbuilding contract to the date a shipowner takes
delivery of the vessel. During the last three to four years, the
high levels of vessel orders have resulted in an average
delivery lag of about three years and in some instances even
longer. Vessels are constructed at shipyards of varying size and
technical sophistication. Bulk carriers are generally considered
to
69
be the least technically sophisticated vessels (although there
are many clear exceptions to this rule) and as such tend to be
those where the shipyards can extract the smallest margin for
their construction.
As of June 2007, the total drybulk orderbook stood at
124.6 million tons representing 34% of the existing fleet.
The existing orderbook is expected to be delivered over the next
3-4 years.
Scrapping
Scrapping is a function of the freight market and the size of
the fleet which is over-aged, usually considered to
include vessels 25 years or older. The scrap age of a
vessel also depends on its size, as the scrap age of smaller
vessels like Handysize and Handymax carriers tends to be higher
than the scrap age of larger vessels like Capesize carriers. At
times of high freight rates, scrapping is typically decreased
since shipowners prefer to extend the useful life of their
vessels. Scrapping is carried out by teams of breakers with
blow-torches, oxy-acetylene steel cutters and other tools once
the vessel has been purposefully beached. The graph below shows
that in recent years the average age at which vessels are
scrapped has increased dramatically. It also shows that smaller
vessels tend to have considerably longer useful lives.
AVERAGE
AGE OF VESSELS SCRAPPED
Source: LR Fairplay/MSI
Freight
Rates and Vessel Earnings
Freight is the primary source of revenue to a shipping company.
Freight is paid when a customer charters a vessel for a
specified period of time or to carry a specific cargo. The
freight rate of transporting drybulk commodities can be volatile
and is related to demand for and supply of drybulk carriers. The
charter market is highly competitive as shipping companies
compete on the offered freight rate, the location, technical
specification and quality of the vessel and the reputation of
the vessels manager. Typically, the contractual agreement
between the shipping company and the customer, known as
charterparty, is based on standard industry terms.
A vessel is usually chartered under a voyage charter or a time
charter. A voyage charter is a contract to carry a specific
cargo between two ports for an agreed rate per ton of cargo
carried. Under voyage charters, the shipowner pays voyage
expenses such as port, canal and fuel costs. A time charter is a
contract to charter
70
a vessel for an agreed period of time at a set daily rate. Under
time charters, the charterer pays for the voyage expenses and
decides what ports the vessel should go. A spot charter is a
voyage charter or a time charter that is fixed for just one
trip. A period charter is a longer term time charter. A vessel
can also carry cargoes on behalf of its own owner, like in the
case of a steel mill, or, in case its owner has secured a cargo
transportation contract (Contract or Affreightment,
or, COA).
The costs of running a drybulk carrier are typically broken down
into operating and capital costs.
Operating costs are concerned with the day-to-day operations of
the vessel typically crewing, lubes and stores,
repair and maintenance, insurance and administration. Under
voyage charters, the shipowner pays all operating costs, whereas
under time charters the charterer pays for some or all of these
costs. Capital costs are the repayments on the mortgage, loan,
or other financial structure under which the vessel was
purchased. These are entirely borne by the shipowner. The
average operating and capital cost floor tends to
influence freight rates in the industry all other
things being equal, a higher cost floor will lead to higher
freight rates. As purchase prices of drybulk carriers have
increased in recent years, so have capital costs and hence the
cost floor for freight rates.
Vessel
Values
Newbuilding
Prices
The price of newbuildings is linked to the level of demand for
and supply of shipyard space, the cost of steel and labor and
other factors. Since a shipyard can generally build most types
of ships, the price for drybulk carriers is influenced by the
orderbook of all ship types. High newbuilding ordering activity
in a particular sector is typically driven by high freight rates
in that sector.
Prices for the construction of new vessels have increased in
recent years and have been sustained by an environment of high
freight rates in all shipping sectors which has spurred ordering
of all ship types, limiting the availability of shipyard berths
and pushing up the prices of drybulk carriers. An increase in
the number of tankers ordered in the second quarter, was
responsible for the initial rebound of new building prices in
2006. Also, an increase in drybulk freight rates resulted in a
large increase in orders for drybulk vessels.
DRYBULK
CARRIER NEWBUILDING PRICES
Source: MSI
71
Sale &
Purchase Market
The second hand, or sale and purchase, market for drybulk
carriers has witnessed a large rise in prices of secondhand
drybulk carriers in the last few years as shipowners seek to
increase the size of their fleets to benefit from the rise in
trade. Prices tend to follow the direction of the freight market
and are also heavily influenced by newbuilding price
developments.
SECONDHAND
MARKET LIQUIDITY
Source: LR Fairplay/MSI
DRYBULK
CARRIER 5 YEAR OLD PRICES
Source: MSI
72
Scrap
Prices
The scrap value of a vessel depends on the local steel price,
the quality and the amount of steel recoverable from the vessel
(lightweight displacement tons, or,
LDT). Since the beginning of 2004, the scrap price
per ton has fluctuated between $300 and $400 per ton of steel.
DRYBULK
CARRIER SCRAP PRICES
Source: MSI
SECTORAL
ANALYSIS
While there is no standard definition, drybulk carriers are
commonly categorized into the following size sectors:
DRYBULK
CARRIER SEGMENTS: FLEET AND ORDERBOOK
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fleet
|
|
|
Orderbook
|
|
Segment
|
|
Size Range (Dwt)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Share (%)
|
|
|
Total (Mn Dwt)
|
|
|
Share (%)
|
|
|
Mn Dwt
|
|
|
% of Fleet
|
|
|
Handysize
|
|
|
10,000 to 39,999
|
|
|
|
2562
|
|
|
|
42%
|
|
|
|
69.2
|
|
|
|
19%
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
15%
|
|
Handymax
|
|
|
40,000 to 59,999
|
|
|
|
1399
|
|
|
|
23%
|
|
|
|
67.4
|
|
|
|
18%
|
|
|
|
26.8
|
|
|
|
40%
|
|
Panamax
|
|
|
60,000 to 79,999
|
|
|
|
1312
|
|
|
|
21%
|
|
|
|
93.7
|
|
|
|
25%
|
|
|
|
9.5
|
|
|
|
10%
|
|
Capesize
|
|
|
80,000 and above
|
|
|
|
887
|
|
|
|
14%
|
|
|
|
139.1
|
|
|
|
38%
|
|
|
|
78.0
|
|
|
|
56%
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
10,000 and above
|
|
|
|
6160
|
|
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
369.4
|
|
|
|
100%
|
|
|
|
124.6
|
|
|
|
34%
|
|
Source: LR Fairplay/MSI
The table above provides information concerning the number of
vessels and deadweight capacity of the Handysize and Handymax
sectors, the sectors in which we operate.
The
Handymax Sector
The Handymax sector is the smallest sector of the drybulk
carrier fleet, accounting for 18% of fleet deadweight capacity
as of June 1, 2007. This sector, along with the Handysize
sector, has the greatest diversity
73
in cargoes and routes. The size and design (vessels are usually
equipped with their own cranes, and are referred to as
geared) of Handymax vessels makes them extremely
versatile and able to access smaller ports where size
restrictions or inadequate load and discharge facilities would
exclude larger vessels.
Trading patterns and cargoes for Handymax and Handysize vessels
are highly diversified. Typical cargoes include wheat and coarse
grains, agricultural bulk commodities such as sugar and rice,
fertilizers, minor ores and minerals, steel products and scrap,
forest products, and semi-processed commodities such as coke and
cement. In addition, Handymax vessels are employed on a limited
number of low-volume short-haul iron ore and coal trades, as
well as those where port size or infrastructure constraints
require smaller, geared vessels.
Handymax fleet ownership is highly fragmented, with 467
different owner operators of the 1,399 vessels in the world
Handymax fleet: an average of just 3 vessels per company.
As of June 1, 2007, 22 companies controlled 10 ships
or more (at an average of 17 ships per company), amounting to
only 27% of the fleet. Another 50 companies owned 5 to 9
ships (at an average of 6.7 ships per company) or 24% of the
fleet. Two hundred seven companies control 1 vessel each,
accounting collectively for 15% of the fleet. The top 10 owners
controlled 17% of the fleet, while 26% was controlled by the top
20 owners.
The chart below outlines the Handymax fleet by year of build,
including scheduled new deliveries. The chart indicates that at
June 1, 2007, approximately 5% of the fleets existing
deadweight capacity was accounted for by vessels built before
1980, and these may be considered likely candidates for
scrapping in the near future. Vessels built since 2000
constituted 44% of the existing fleet. The average age of the
fleet at June 1, 2007 was 11.7 years.
The orderbook at the beginning of June 2007 amounted to
26.8 million dwt or 40% of the existing fleet.
HANDYMAX
FLEET BY YEAR OF BUILD AND SCHEDULED DELIVERIES
Source:
LR Fairplay/MSI
Handymax earnings increased sharply during the second half of
2003, in line with the larger bulk carrier sectors, and reached
record peaks in 2004, with average spot earnings for modern
45,000 dwt vessels exceeding $38,000 per day in March 2004.
During the second half of 2004, the Handymax freight market
underwent a revival, with earnings briefly surpassing $32,000
per day once again in late November to early December 2004.
Rates then trended lower in 2005 before a rebound in March 2006
to May 2007 when average spot earnings reached a record $39,000
per day.
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HANDYMAX
(45,000 DWT) AVERAGE SPOT RATES
Source:
MSI
The
Handysize Sector
The Handysize sector is the largest sector of the drybulk
carrier fleet by number of vessels, accounting for 42% of the
total fleet. However, in terms of deadweight capacity, it is
only marginally larger than the Handymax fleet with 19% of total
capacity. Like Handymax vessels, they are fitted with cranes
which, along with their shallow drafts, make them extremely
versatile and able to access smaller ports with less
sophisticated onshore facilities. As a result, trading patterns
and cargoes for these types of vessel are highly diversified.
Handysize vessels are generally older than Handymax. The latter
have begun to replace the former as new developments in ship
design have enabled larger vessels to be constructed with
similar drafts. Increasingly, the industry is moving towards
building larger vessels to benefit from economies of scale.
However this does not mean that smaller vessels have become
obsolete, for they are less likely to have to travel part-laden
and are often able to generate substantial returns.
Like the Handymax sector, Handysize fleet ownership is highly
fragmented. Eight hundred ninety nine different shipowners
control 2,562 vessels: an average of just 2.8 vessels
per company. As of June 1, 2007, 38 companies
controlled 10 ships or more (at an average of 20.7 ships per
company), amounting to 32% of the fleet. Another
78 companies owned 5 to 9 ships (at an average of 6.3 ships
per company) or 20% of the fleet. Four hundred seventy five
companies control 1 vessel each, collectively accounting
for 18% of the fleet.
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The chart below outlines the Handysize fleet by year of build,
including scheduled new deliveries. The chart indicates that at
June 1, 2007, approximately 27% of the fleets
existing dwt capacity was accounted for by vessels built before
1980, which may be considered likely candidates for scrapping in
the near future. Vessels built since 2000 constitute 16% of the
existing fleet. The average age of the fleet at June 1,
2007 was 21.2 years.
The orderbook at the beginning of June 2007 amounted to
10.3 million dwt or 15% of the existing fleet.
HANDYSIZE
FLEET BY YEAR OF BUILD AND SCHEDULED DELIVERIES
Source:
LR Fairplay/MSI
Handysize earnings increased sharply in the second half of 2003
in line with the larger bulk carrier sectors. The 18 month
time charter peaked in Feb 2004 at $22,000 per day before
declining rapidly to a low of $13,000 in June of that year.
During the second half of 2004, rates rebounded and
12 month time charter rates in the Handysize sector peaked
again in December 2004 at $21,800 per day. Rates then trended
lower in 2005 until a recent rebound has brought rates to a new
high of $26,000 per day in June 2007.
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HANDYSIZE
ONE YEAR TC RATES
Source:
MSI
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BUSINESS
Overview
We own our vessels through separate wholly owned subsidiaries
incorporated in the Marshall Islands. The operations of the
vessels are managed by Free Bulkers, an affiliated Marshall
Islands corporation incorporated on September 9, 2003. Free
Bulkers provides us with a wide range of shipping services at a
fee per vessel. These services include technical management,
such as managing day-to-day vessel operations including
supervising the crewing, supplying, maintaining and dry-docking
of vessels, commercial management regarding identifying suitable
vessel charter opportunities, and certain accounting services.
The M/V Free Destiny and M/V Free Envoy have a
combined carrying capacity of 51,000 dwt, a combined book value
of $10.3 million, and an average age of 24 years. As a
result of the acquisition of the M/V Free Hero and the
M/V Free Jupiter, which we expect to be delivered in
August or September 2007, we will increase the aggregate dwt of
our fleet to approximately 123,000 dwt, increase the aggregate
book value of our fleet to $82.6 million, and reduce the
average age of our fleet to 16 years.
Our
Fleet
The following table summarizes certain information about the
vessels in our combined fleet and related employment details:
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Year
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Vessel
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Purchase
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Delivery
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Vessel Name
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dwt
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Built
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Type
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Employment
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Price
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Date
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Free Envoy
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26,318
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1984
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Handysize
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1-year
time charter through April 2008 at $17,000 per day
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$9.50 million
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September 2004
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Free Destiny
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25,240
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1982
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Handysize
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Spot currently at
$16,500 per day
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$7.60 million
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August 2004
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Free Hero
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24,318
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1995
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Handysize
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Balance of time charter through
December 2008/February 2009 at $14,500 per day
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$25.25 million(1)
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July 2007
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(1) |
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The purchase price for the M/V Free Hero was
specifically negotiated based on its particular attributes
(i.e., based on factors including the vessels age,
builder, configuration and condition). |
We have agreed to purchase a 47,777-dwt Handymax vessel built in
2002, the M/V Free Jupiter, for $47.0 million. We
currently expect to take delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter
in August or September 2007. Upon delivery, the M/V Free
Jupiter will be chartered on a three-year time charter
through September 2010, at a rate of $32,000 per day for the
first year of the charter, $28,000 per day for the second year,
and $24,000 per day for the third year.
On May 1, 2007, we entered into memoranda of agreement
pursuant to which we agreed to purchase four secondhand drybulk
carriers, the M/V Free Hero, M/V Free Jupiter, M/V
Free Iris and M/V Free Gentleman, from
non-affiliated parties for a total purchase price of
$114.0 million. In accordance with the memoranda of
agreement, we provided deposits totaling $11.4 million to
the respective sellers of the above four vessels. We obtained
the funds for the deposits from a $5.5 million draw on the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan described below
and $5.9 million from our cash on hand, primarily resulting
from the sale of the M/V Free Fighter in April 2007. We
anticipated financing the remaining $102.6 million of the
purchase prices of the above vessels, due upon their respective
deliveries, by utilizing the following: (i) up to
$68.0 million in a senior secured loan from HSH Nordbank
AG; (ii) up to $21.5 million in a junior loan from
BTMU Capital Corporation, an affiliate of the Bank of Tokyo
Mitsubishi; (iii) the remaining $8.5 million of the
$14.0 million unsecured shareholder loan (which was drawn
down on June 22, 2007 as discussed further below) (we refer
to
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these three borrowing arrangements as our Acquisition Debt
Facilities); (iv) cash on hand from operations and
(v) an overdraft credit facility of $4 million
available from Hollandsche Bank Unie N.V.
We took delivery of the M/V Free Hero on July 3,
2007 and we paid the $22.7 million remaining balance, net
of the deposit paid, of the $25.25 million purchase price
using $20.4 million from the above described senior and
junior financing sources and $2.3 million from cash on
hand. The vessel is currently subject to a $14,500 per day time
charter expiring in December 2008, with a charterers
option for extension until February 2009. We expect to take
delivery of the M/V Free Jupiter in August or September
2007. The purchase price for the M/V Free Jupiter is
$47.0 million and we expect to utilize the above-described
financing sources to pay the remaining $42.3 million
balance of the purchase price due upon delivery. Upon delivery,
the M/V Free Jupiter will be chartered on a three-year
time charter through September 2010, at a rate of $32,000 per
day for the first year of the charter, $28,000 per day for the
second year, and $24,000 per day for the third year.
Due to a dispute between third parties unrelated to us and the
sellers of the M/V Free Gentleman and
M/V Free
Iris, which would have resulted in the vessels not being
delivered as per the terms of their respective memoranda of
agreement, we decided, in agreement with the sellers, to
terminate those agreements on July 27, 2007, with immediate
return of the full deposits for such vessels totaling
$4.25 million. We intend to seek to replace the two
undelivered vessels with alternative tonnage of similar profile
and return characteristics in an effort to expand our fleet in
the Handysize/Handymax segment. We intend to utilize our
available cash and the remainder of our existing credit
facilities as described above for any future near term
acquisitions.
The $14.0 million loan from one of our principal
shareholders was signed on May 7, 2007 and accrues interest
on the outstanding principal balance at the annual rate of
12.0%, payable upon maturity of the loan. The loan is due at the
earlier of (i) May 7, 2009, (ii) the date of a
Capital Event, which is defined as any event in
which we raise gross proceeds of not less than $40 million
in an offering of our common stock or other equity securities or
securities convertible into or exchangeable for our equity
securities, or (iii) the date of acceleration of the
amounts due under the note. Additionally, we agreed to issue to
that shareholder, for every $1.0 million drawn under the
loan, 50,000 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at
an exercise price of $5.00 per share. On May 8, 2007, we
drew down $5.5 million from the shareholder loan in
connection with the deposits to be posted under the memoranda of
agreement for the acquisition of the vessels. On June 22,
2007, we drew down the remaining $8.5 million from the
shareholder loan in anticipation of taking delivery of the M/V
Free Gentleman, which delivery, however, was never
completed as discussed above. We have issued the shareholder
700,000 warrants to purchase shares of our common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 per share in connection with the two
draw downs described above.
Consistent with our strategy of making efficient use of
leverage, we have obtained an offer letter for a senior secured
credit facility from Credit Suisse, the lead underwriter of this
offering, in the aggregate amount of $87.0 million,
consisting of a $48.7 million loan to refinance our
Acquisition Debt Facilities and a $38.3 million facility
for the purchase of additional vessels. The availability of this
facility is contingent upon, among other things, the execution
of formal loan documents and credit committee approval. We
intend to only enter into this senior credit facility if we
successfully complete this offering. See Use of
Proceeds and Loans for Vessels.
Competitive
Strengths
We believe that we possess the following competitive strengths:
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Experienced Management Team. Our management
team has significant experience in commercial, technical,
operational and financial areas of our business and has
developed relationships with leading charterers, ship brokers
and financial institutions. Since 1997, Ion G. Varouxakis, our
chairman, chief executive officer and president, has served in
various management roles for shipping companies in the drybulk
sector. Dimitris Papadopoulos, who became our chief financial
officer in May 2007, served from 1975 to 1991 as financial and
administrative vice president in charge of, amongst other
things, the shipping interests of the owners of Archirodon
Group, Inc.
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Affiliation with Leading Shipping Group. FS
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